Notes

Salutary neglect refers to a period of time when a government doesn’t strictly enforce some of the laws that had been passed. The colonists benefitted from this at times because the British didn’t always strictly enforce some of the laws that applied to the colonies. A good example of this can be seen with the Navigation Acts. One purpose of establishing colonies was for the colonizing country to benefit economically. The Navigation Acts were designed to help the British economically. The Navigation Acts required that products be transported on British ships. There were certain items, like molasses, that could only be purchased from Great Britain. However, the British often didn’t enforce these laws. This allowed the colonists to get products cheaper from other countries. When the British tried to crack down on some of the acts of smuggling in the 1760s, the colonists weren’t happy and resisted these attempts. The colonists had become used to the lax enforcement of the laws and weren’t...

Montresor actually begins the story with an example of hyperbole, a literary device that is also called overstatement.  He says, "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge."  It is unlikely that Fortunato has actually somehow injured Montresor some one thousand times; however, Montresor feels as wounded as though he had.   Such an exaggeration gives us some immediate insight into Montresor's character: he is on the defensive, perhaps feeling as though he needs to justify his behavior in regard to Fortunato.  By stating that this man had injured him a thousand times, Montresor shares his motivation for committing the murder of Fortunato, and attempts to justify it in one fell swoop.  Had Fortunato not been so offensive, so injurious, then Montresor, he implies, would never have been pushed to this point.  With this hyperbole, Montresor places the blame for his victim's death squarely on his victim...

Marguerite compares Mrs. Flowers to the women of leisure found in English novels. In Chapter 15, Marguerite tells us that Mrs. Flowers reminded her of women "who walked the moors with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance...women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces, drinking tea incessantly from silver trays full of scones and crumpets...women who walked over the 'heath' and read morocco-bound books and had two last names divided by a hyphen." In other words, Marguerite thinks of Mrs. Flowers as one of the most elegant and refined ladies she has ever met. Until she met Mrs. Flowers, Marguerite had never imagined the possibility of a black woman being as accomplished and polished in her manners as a white woman. To date, Marguerite has only ever met cosmopolitan and cultured women in fiction novels and movies, and these were invariably white women. In her heart, Marguerite is proud of her new friend and feels that Mrs. Flowers is more beautiful, cultured,...

Respiration occurs when there is an exchange of gases between a living thing and its environment. In the case of humans, the structure for gas exchange is called an alveolus . The oxygen gas which is inhaled is exchanged for carbon dioxide gas-- a waste product that will be excreted when it is exhaled. The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It is within the lungs that the millions of alveoli take part in gas exchange. Air moves from the nose to the pharynx, which is the tube in the throat. From there, it enters the trachea which is held open by cartilaginous rings. This airway divides into two tubes called bronchi. Each bronchus leads to each lung. Bronchi subdivide into bronchioles which get progressively smaller. Eventually, at the end of the bronchioles are the millions of alveoli which are surrounded by tiny capillaries-- blood vessels from the circulatory system. Because capillaries and alveoli are thin-walled, gas exchange ca...

Harper Lee portrays how various members of Maycomb's community deal with race and social class issues differently. There are characters throughout the novel who are openly prejudiced towards African Americans and individuals from lower social classes. Unapologetic racists like Mrs. Dubose and members of the Old Sarum bunch proudly oppose Atticus' decision to defend Tom Robinson. They do not care about what other people think and are not ashamed of their prejudiced beliefs. They wantonly voice their opinions in hopes of restricting African Americans' rights. Aunt Alexandra also openly displays her contempt for individuals from lower social classes by not allowing Scout or Jem to associate with them. Harper Lee also displays how morally upright individuals like Atticus proudly stand up for what is right in the face of adversity. Atticus opposes the prejudiced beliefs of Maycomb and refuses to give into the community's threats. Atticus risks his reputation in order to d...

We have to express `(6+2sqrt(7))/(3-sqrt(7))` in the form of `p+qsqrt(7)` let's rationalize the denominator to get rid of the radicals in the expression, So we have to multiply the numerator and denominator with the conjugate of the denominator , Since the denominator is `(3-sqrt(7))` so it's conjugate is `(3+sqrt(7))` , `(6+2sqrt(7))/(3-sqrt(7))=((6+2sqrt(7))/(3-sqrt(7)))((3+sqrt(7))/(3+sqrt(7)))` `=(6(3+sqrt(7))+2sqrt(7)(3+sqrt(7)))/(3^2-(sqrt(7))^2)` Let's simplify the above expression, `=(6*3+6*sqrt(7)+2sqrt(7)*3+2sqrt(7)*sqrt(7))/(9-7)` `=(18+6sqrt(7)+6sqrt(7)+14)/2` `=(32+12sqrt(7))/2` `=32/2+(12sqrt(7))/2` `=16+6sqrt(7)` So, now the expression is in the form of `(p+qsqrt(7))` where p is 16 and q is 6.

Chapter 5:  Mrs. Granger assigned Nick an oral report. His topic was on the origin of words, with a focus on the dictionary. In chapter 5, Nick gave his report. During his report, he touched on the idea that someone has to decide what words mean. His idea was to make his oral report extremely long so that it took up the whole class period. Nick knew that his report "was one of the greatest time-wasters he had ever invented." He was, after all, an expert on wasting time in class. Chapter 6:  In this chapter, Nick and his friend, Janet, were walking home from school. Janet spotted a fancy looking pen on the ground. She decided to keep it. Then Nick bumped into Janet and the pen fell. He bent down to pick it up and hand it to her.  He handed it to her, but instead of calling it a pen, he called it a "frindle." His idea was to start using the word "frindle" instead of "pen." He did this at school, and he got his classmates to do the same. Mrs. Grange...

Shakespeare, of course, was not generally a creator of original narratives - his plays were usually adapted from existing sources, and the core of his genius lay in the creation of profoundly original, textured, and multifaceted character psychologies expressed and sculpted through their unique voices and imaginative use of language.  A Midsummer Night's Dream is one of only two known plays by Shakespeare - along with  The Tempest , another magical, dreamlike romp - not to be narratively adapted from any identifiable source. So that in itself is one kind of answer to your question: this is one of the few plays in which the plot and characterization are both Shakespearean originals. But I think it's more telling to observe that A Midsummer Night's Dream  is one of many of Shakespeare plays which toy with the question of what exactly "plot" is. It explores the idea that what we call a story is the result of the interaction between human beings' attempts to work...

I am a little uncertain about what you mean by the part of your question in parentheses, specifically 'the rate of concentration of a substance'. This seems to imply that you are measuring the rate at which a substance is becoming concentrated. This is still just diffusion because during diffusion a substance is moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, so by measuring the rate at which a substance is becoming concentrated in the area of low concentration, you are measuring the rate of diffusion. Back to your question of how concentration affects the rate of diffusion. The higher the concentration of a substance in relation to its surroundings, the higher the rate of diffusion. For example, diffusion is constantly occurring between your cells and your blood stream, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. During times of intense activity, the cells produce higher amounts of carbon dioxide so the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell is higher...

Outwardly, the marriage of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth follows the conventional gender roles that would've been expected for men and women at the time. However, the reader/audience gets an inside look at the Macbeth marriage, where it is revealed that the power dynamic is perhaps not what it seems on the outside.  Macbeth and Lady Macbeth maintain the appearance that Macbeth, as the man and husband, holds the power in the relationship. He is a traditional man of his class and of his time: he holds a title (one at the start of the play with others to be added later) and is a brutal warrior and commander on the battlefield. When Duncan comes to Macbeth's castle after he has named Macbeth Thane of Cawdor, it is Lady Macbeth who greets Duncan and promises their hospitality. Of course it is Macbeth who commits the murder and then ascends to the throne in this patriarchal society. All of these actions align with traditional gender roles.  Behind the scenes, however, the Macbeths' po...

In Lorca's Blood Wedding , each scene takes place in a set that has a different color. The color serves to set the tone of the scene. For example, the first scene (Act I, Scene I), in which the Groom and his mother speak about the wedding, takes place in a yellow room. The mood is still hopeful at this point of the play, and the color of the room is bright. Similarly, the scenes that follow in the beginning of the play are set in bright rooms. The second scene in the first act, in Leonardo's house, takes place in a pink room. Act I, Scene 3 takes place in the Bride's house, which has a pink cross made of flowers, white walls, and blue vases. In Act II, however, the setting becomes more dream-like and muted, as the action of the play moves towards tragedy. For example, in Act II, Scene 2, the exterior of the Bride's house is described as grey-white and cold blue and sombre in tone. Act III, Scene I, when the final tragedy unfolds, takes place in gloomy nighttime woodland...

Okeke's objections to Nnaemeka's marriage to Nene are all based on Ibo tribe tradition in his native Nigeria. The Ibo tribe tradition is that the woman should be chosen by the father, be a "good" Christian, have training as a homemaker and, above all, be of the Ibo tribe. Nene partially fits only one of these criteria, which is not enough for Okeke. First, Nnaemeka rejects the wife Okeke has chosen and wants to marry Nene only due to Nnaemeka's love for her. Next, even though Nene is a Christian, she is a schoolteacher, which Okeke believes is prohibited by the Bible. In this way, Nene is accused of not having the training to be a good homemaker. Worst of all (according to Okeke), Nene is not of the Ibo tribe. With each of these bits of information, Okeke becomes more and more enraged and eventually forbids the marriage. Because Nnaemeka goes against his father's wishes and marries Nene, it is not until the end of the story that Okeke relents and agrees to see...

This idea of war stories not being moral, or having a moral, is centered around O'Brien's theme regarding war throughout the novel. O'Brien tells the readers many times and through many different stories that war is chaotic and random and impossible to understand unless one experiences it. In "Spin," for example, O'Brien describes the boredom: "The war was nakedly and aggressively boring. But it was a strange boredom. It was boredom with a twist that caused stomach disorders. […] you'd think, this isn't so bad. And right then you'd hear gunfire behind you and your nuts would fly up into your throat and you'd be squealing pig squeals. That kind of boredom." These experiences cannot be understood secondhand, especially, O'Brien points out, from trite aphorisms like "war is hell." Instead, O'Brien claims, you have to tell story after story, sometimes not even all true, in order to get at the feeling of what it's lik...

There are several major principles of the Constitution. Judicial review is one of the most controversial principles of the Constitution. Even though judicial review is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, it has been inferred through various court actions and decisions. Judicial review was used when the Constitution began. It was confirmed in the  Marbury v Madison  case. This case, which had to do about William Marbury not becoming a Justice of the Peace, led to a ruling by the Supreme Court that the courts have the responsibility to determine if laws and executive actions are constitutional or unconstitutional. This has been a very controversial power of the courts. There have been times when the Supreme Court has been accused of “legislating from the bench” when the Supreme Court has declared laws or executive actions as illegal. Some people viewed the  Brown v Board of Education  decision as an example of the Supreme Court going too far. President Franklin D. Roosevelt f...

In Edgar Allan Poe’s poem “Annabel Lee,” there is only one thing the narrator finds worth living for – his Annabel Lee. Annabel herself was a maiden who lived only to love and be loved by the narrator, and his besotted language would suggest that his approach to life was the same – he refers to their love as one to stir even the angels to jealousy. The setting of the poem also shows that Annabel Lee is the narrator’s main focus in life; whether she is alive or dead, he remains with her on the sea. Regardless of any kind of hope or hopelessness, it is just he and his Annabel Lee, as if there are no other people on the earth. His very soul is part of hers – nothing can “ever dissever” his soul from Annabel Lee’s (stanza 5). Finally, the narrator calls his long lost maiden his “life” in the final stanza. What the narrator finds worth living for is his very life – his darling Annabel Lee.

According to Atticus, the Ewells have been the disgrace of Maycomb for three generations. The father, Bob Ewell, is the most despicable individual in the entire county and is a notorious alcoholic. The Ewells live like animals, and no one in the family has a job. Bob is a widower who spends all of his money from relief checks on alcohol and lets his children run wild. Atticus explains to Scout that the Ewell family has special privileges because common citizens have essentially become blind to some of their activities . Two special privileges given to the Ewells include not requiring the children to attend school, and allowing Bob to hunt and trap out of season. Atticus tells Scout that although it's against the law, people allow Bob to hunt and trap because he spends all his money on green whiskey. He says that Bob's children would not eat if he weren't allowed to hunt and trap. The citizens also do not punish the Ewells for not attending school. Atticus tells Scout tha...

At the beginning of Act I, Reverend Parris is feeling pretty nervous.  The night prior, he found his daughter and niece dancing in the woods with his Barbadian slave, Tituba, who was chanting and swaying over a fire, and now his daughter, Betty, is ill.  There are rumors all through the town that her illness is due to witchcraft, especially because many people have heard that Betty flew.  Reverend Parris fears that if his niece and daughter "trafficked with spirits in the forest [...] [his] enemies will [know it], and they will ruin [him] with it."  He worries that he could lose both his position and his daughter.   Parris's anxiety is also heightened by village rumors that Abigail is "soiled."  When the Putnams, a powerful Salem family, arrive with news of their daughter's similar illness and their suspicion that witchcraft is involved, Parris pleads, "We cannot leap to witchcraft.  They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house." ...

The Mexican Cession of 1848 was taken after the Mexican War.  James K. Polk, an expansionist Democrat, took advantage of a border dispute between Mexico and Texas that came after Texas's war of independence.  Under the Treaty of San Jacinto, both Mexico and Texas claimed the land between the Rio and Nuecces Rivers.  When Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to the disputed region and Mexico predictably fired upon them as trespassers, Polk had the reason to go to war.  The war went disastrously for Mexico due to logistical reasons and its inefficient army. The people of California revolted from Mexico and became the Bear Flag republic.  Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war in 1848, Mexico ceded all of its land north of the Rio Grande.  In order for America to retain its perceived moral high ground, treaty negotiator Nicholas Trist offered $15 million to the Mexican government.  The Mexican Cession and the ensuing Gadsden Purchase were all part of America's Manife...