Notes

Nothing But the Truth by Avi is a book written from several points of view, where each person tells a different "truth." The main character, Philip, decides his English teacher, Miss Narwin, does not like him because she gives him poor grades and has high expectations for his work, so in trying to get out of her class, he disrupts her homeroom class by humming the "National Anthem." The rules clearly state that students should "stand at respectful, silent attention" during the playing of the anthem, but when Miss Narwin sends Philip to the assistant principal's office for being disruptive, Phil tells the AP that Miss Narwin just does not like him. Later, this becomes fodder for the newspaper, which accuses Miss Narwin of stifling Philip's patriotism. Miss Narwin never really follows up by calling Philip's parents or getting her truth across to the newspaper reporter, and in the end, she resigns and Philip does not get to run track due to his g...

I would classify the overall conflict as character vs. society, because Mathilde’s issue is that she is not wealthy.  She wants to be upper class.  She wants to be what she feels she was born to be.  She has an innate feeling that she was designed to be better than she is.  She was one of those pretty and charming girls born, as though fate had blundered over her, into a family of artisans. She had no marriage portion, no expectations, no means of getting known, understood, loved, and wedded by a man of wealth and distinction …  Mathilde sees her birth as an accident of fate, but this is because she was born into a class-conscious society.  She has been told by society that she is worth less because of her low birth.  She wants to be valued, so she wants to be rich.  If Mathilde had not desired to rise above her class, if just for one night, she never would have been in that situation. "I'm utterly miserable at not having any jewels, not a single stone, to wear," she repl...

Sodium and potassium metals are kept in kerosene or in dry mineral oil.  Both of these metals are in Group 1 on the periodic table.  All metals in that group are very reactive with water, including moisture in the atmosphere.  You may have seen videos where people have thrown chunks of sodium metal into bodies of water.  Potassium reacts even more violently.   The reaction proceeds as follows (I've used sodium in the example, but it could be any of the Group 1 metals): 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) --> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) As you can see above, hydrogen gas is formed during the reaction.  In more explosive reactions (potassium, rubidium, and caesium), enough heat may be created that the hydrogen gas catches fire. In fact, caesium explodes when exposed to water. In summary, these metals are stored in kerosene because kerosene contains no water and protects these metals from being exposed to any moisture in the air that would cause these metals to react, potentially violently.

Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, invented around 1440 in the midst of the Renaissance, gave people more access to written literature, including religious texts and political pamphlets. Previously, literacy had been limited to members of the clergy, the aristocracy, and members of the merchant class. The printing press expanded the possibilities for people who had not previously had opportunities to learn to read. The Protestant Reformation would not have happened without the printing press. In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church. His list of grievances against the indulgences of the Catholic Church was soon published and distributed as a result of the printing press. Gutenberg's press also allowed for the Bible to be printed and distributed for private use. Previously, worshipers were beholden to clergymen to explain to them what the Bible said and what Scripture meant. Now, Christians were able to read the Bible for themselv...

There are many examples of lines that foreshadow the deaths of these characters. Of course, the play's prologue tells us that fate dooms these "star-cross'd lovers" but the play text itself contains many more subtle examples of foreshadowing.  The link provided offers some examples, and I have included some additional ones here. Some examples are as follows: When Juliet says "Parting is such sweet sorrow" in the balcony scene, this can be seen as a foreshadowing quite early on that the lovers will be separated; it also somewhat parallels the scene where they spend their first night together and their reluctance to part the next morning. Romeo also says to Juliet earlier in the balcony scene: "Life were better ended by thy hate, than death prorogued, wanting of thy love." Here he is speaking to the hatred of Romeo's family by Juliet's family, even though he knows Juliet wishes to overlook the feud that keeps them apart. Later in the play, wh...

Romantic poetry was written by European and American poets beginning around the turn of the nineteenth century and lasting till approximately mid-century. As a literary movement, Romanticism was a reaction against what preceded it, Neoclassicism, and the more rational ideas of the Enlightenment. Romantic poetry idealized Nature, man's imagination, emotions, intuitive ways of gaining knowledge, spirituality, the supernatural, and an appreciation for history. Approaches to the subject of poems tend to be subjective rather than objective, and adherence to established forms and metrical regularity is common. Many of the more well-known Romantic poems were British, such as Blake, Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley. American Romantics include Whitman, Dickinson, Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalists are also considered Romantics, and Poe is noted for his particular interest in the Gothic.

Nag hides in the bathroom in order to ambush and kill the man of the house.   By this point in the story, Rikki-tikki has proven that he is a threat to Nag, Nagaina, and their eggs. He killed Karait and successfully dodged an attack from behind. Both instances show Rikki-tikki is a threatening, quick predator. Nag and Nagaina need a way to get rid of Rikki-tikki. Their plan involves killing the people in the house. They both believe that the threat that Rikki-tikki is to them will go away once the people are killed. Nagaina believes Rikki-tikki will be easier to hunt with no people around. "Go in quietly, and remember that the big man who killed Karait is the first one to bite. Then come out and tell me, and we will hunt for Rikki-tikki together." Nag believes that Rikki-tikki will simply leave of his own volition if the house is devoid of people.   "I will kill the big man and his wife, and the child if I can, and come away quietly. Then the bungalow will be empty, and ...

One potential theme is imagination conflicting with societal expectations. When Anne arrives at Green Gables, she shows her imaginative personality. She imagines herself as "very beautiful and [having] nut-brown hair" (Chapter III). She begs Marilla to call her Cordelia because she thinks Anne Shirley is a plain and boring name. Marilla expects Anne to be content. She wants the girl to have Christian humility and give up her frivolous notions. Rachel Lynde also finds Anne's imagination to be inappropriate at times. She thinks Anne should behave more sensibly.  Friendship would also be a theme of Anne of Green Gables . Anne has a strong desire to have a "bosom friend" (Chapter XII). When she meets Diana, she is overjoyed. Diana is the best friend Anne has ever had. Through changes and trials (such as when Diana's mother forbids her daughter from seeing Anne after she accidentally gets her drunk), Anne remains devoted to her friend. Vanity is another theme. An...

First calculate how submerged the block is when in equilibrium. Let the up direction be negative and the down direction be positive. `F_b=F_g+F` `rho_w*V_d*g=rho*V*g+F, rho=S_g*rho_w` `rho_w(1^2*x)g=S_g*rho_w(1^3)g+2000`  ,Where x=the distance from the surface to the bottom of the block (here is why I have the downward direction as positive). Then solve for x: `x=S_g+2000/(rho_w*g)=0.6+2000/(1000*10)=0.8 meters` Now to calculate the velocity, at a height h, we must neglect the drag force then use the work kinetic energy theorem. `W=Delta*K` `int_0.8^h F(x) *dx=1/2m*v^2` The initial velocity is zero. F(x) is the net force on the block after it is released as a function of the distance submerged. We are only considering when h<0.8m, this is the only region where there is a buoyant force.   `(2/m)int_0.8^h (F_g-F_b(x)) *dx=v^2` `(2/(S_g*rho_w*1^3))int_0.8^h (S_g*rho_w*g-rho_w*x*g) *dx=v^2 ` `2g int_0.8^h dx -(2g)/(S_g) int_0.8^h x dx=v^2 ` `2g(h-0.8)-g/(S_g)(h^2-0.8^2)=v^2` `(2g(h-0.8)...

Mood is a literary element that is used to create feelings in readers.  Mood is often referred to as atmosphere because it "surrounds" a reader with a specific emotion.  It's possible to create mood through a character's spoken dialogue, but mood is most often created through setting descriptions.  The above question specifically asks about mood being established through setting details.   A very simple way to look at setting is to say that setting is time and place.  Choice "A" gives those two setting details.  The time is night, and the place is somewhere wet.  That small description serves to establish an eerie mood.  Nighttime is usually scarier than daytime, and wetness can feel oppressive.   The other answer choices are not as good of choices as "A" is.  Choice "B" feels like spoken dialogue.  It does seem to establish a foreboding mood because it's a warning, but it doesn't describe any setting details.  The other two choic...

The brain has a large system of cavities called ventricles. This system is called the ventricular system. The cavities do not contain any neural matter, but they are not empty. The ventricles produce a fluid called cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). This fluid is critical for delivering nutrients to both grey and white matter. Cerebro-spinal fluid bathes both the brain and the spinal cord.  The corpus callosum is a large white matter structure within the brain that spans and connects the left and the right hemispheres of the cerebrum. It is located anterior to the lateral ventricles. The lateral ventricles are the largest ventricles in the brain. Each hemisphere of the cerebrum has a lateral ventricle, so with regard to the corpus callosum, there are actually two ventricles next to it: the left and right lateral ventricles.

As a general rule, stronger bonds have shorter lengths and more force. They also require higher energy to break. It's a simplification (the detailed answer would involve quantum mechanics), but you can think of this as being related to Coulomb's law: Electrostatic force is proportional to `F approx 1/r^2`, so if r is small, F is large, and that means a stronger bond. More electrons that participate in a bond create a stronger force, and so produce bonds that require the electrons to get closer in order to reach equilibrium. Bond distances and atomic radii are closely related, and both lengths decrease across the row of the Periodic Table (as you add electrons to a shell), but increase down a column (as you add electron shells).

Tension is high in Chapter 17 (The Clouds Burst). In many ways the apex of The Hobbit, the siege of the Lonely Mountain ends when war breaks out between the Five Armies. Bilbo is revealed to have taken the Arkenstone from within the mountain and given it to Bard and the Elvenking to bargain with Thorin. King Thorin is deep in the throes of his gold-lust, changed by his greed to keep all the gold and treasures from the mountain for himself and his fellow dwarves. To get the Arkenstone back, Thorin promises to give a fourteenth share of the gold to Bard and his people, all the while hoping to be able to withhold the gold if his kinsmen arrive in time, led by Dain. When Dain arrives, his army is about to begin an assault on the elves and men to try and get through the siege and into the Lonely Mountain to join Thorin. But he reckoned without the dwarves... they guessed the hesitation of Bard and his friends, and resolved to strike while they debated. Suddenly without a signal they sprang ...

There is a problem in missing assumptions of the question, namely that the effect of changes in cigarette prices affects all demographics equally. That actually isn't the case. In general, cigarette taxes reduce smoking in the young and the economically disadvantaged, but have little effect on middle-aged smokers in higher economic brackets. Thus this answer needs to be parsed in terms of demographics. For people with middle class incomes, the effect is likely to be negligible, with the decision of whether to continue smoking determined by other issues such as the availability of smoking cessation programs and personal choice. According to the CDC, people below the poverty level are twice as likely to be smokers as those living above the poverty line. Education is also a crucial factor, with only 3 percent of people with postgraduate degrees smoking but 24 percent of high school dropouts smoking. Thus, even though taxation is unlikely to change the smoking behavior of the well-educ...

There are quite a few conflicts in Chains , but there are four that stand out above the rest.  The first and most important conflict is Isabel vs. slavery.  This conflict holds throughout the entire book in that Isabel is a thirteen-year-old who is under the true chains of slavery during the time of the American Revolution.  Isabel is promised freedom, denied that freedom, sold to a different owner, and offered respite from Rebel soldiers.  This is all part of this original and most important conflict.  Next, there is the conflict of Isabel vs. Mrs. Lockton.  Mrs. Lockton is Isabel’s current owner and treats Isabel very cruelly.  Mrs. Lockton even slaps Isabel in the face when Ruth is the one who laughs.  Thirdly, there is the conflict of Mr. Lockton vs. Mrs. Lockton.  Mr. Lockton is emotionally, verbally, and physically abusive to Anne Lockton.  Finally, considering this is the time of the American Revolution, there is also an important conflict of Loyalists vs. Rebels.  Isabel’s owne...

In the sonnet "Ozymandias," the once-great ruler who commissioned a statue of himself wanted others to fear him. The inscription read, "Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!" Nowadays, terrorists desire to strike fear into the hearts of the mighty and everyday citizens. Thus terrorists plan a work of destruction, such as a bombing, for the purpose of bringing glory to their cause by causing death and terror.  The sculptor, according to the visitor in the poem, showed the ancient Egyptian king had a "hand that mocked them and [a] heart that fed." This suggests a leader who uses his power for personal gain, not to benefit those he leads. This predatory style of leadership is ubiquitous, even in American society. Consider an employer who hires undocumented workers so he can pay them less than the required minimum wage. Likewise, teaching hospitals that require medical interns to work 30-hour shifts are taking unfair advantage of young doctors.  Unfortunat...

To determine the power series centered at c , we may apply the formula for Taylor series : `f(x) = sum_(n=0)^oo (f^n(c))/(n!) (x-c)^n` or `f(x) =f(c)+f'(c)(x-c) +(f''(c))/(2!)(x-c)^2 +(f^3(c))/(3!)(x-c)^3 +(f'^4(c))/(4!)(x-c)^4 +...` To list the `f^n(x)` for the given function `f(x)=4/(3x+2)` centered at `c=2` , we may apply Law of Exponent: `1/x^n = x^-n`  and  Power rule for derivative: `d/(dx) x^n= n *x^(n-1)` . `f(x) =4/(3x+2)`      ` =4(3x+2)^(-1)` Let `u =3x+2` then `(du)/(dx) = 3` . `d/(dx) c*(3x+2)^n = c *d/(dx) (3x+2)^n`                             `= c *(n* (3x+2)^(n-1)*3`                             ` = 3cn(3x+2)^(n-1)` `f'(x) =d/(dx) 4(3x+2)^(-1)`           `=3*4*(-1) *(3x+2)^(-1-1)`            `=-12(3x+2)^(-2) or 2/(3x+2)^2` `f^2(x) =d/(dx) -12(3x+2)^(-2)`            `=3*(-12)(-2)(3x+2)^(-2-1)`           `=72(3x+2)^(-3) or 72/(3x+2)^3` `f^3(x) =d/(dx) 72(3x+2)^(-3)`            `=3*(72)(-3)(3x+2)^(-3-1)`            `=-648(3x+2)^(-4) or -648/(3x+2)^4` Plu...

By introducing Holden as a socially and academically disengaged person who is experiencing his failures through a membrane of bitter humor, Salinger sets up the narrator as a reactionary figure. We see his self-defense at work right away. These defenses continue to distance him from a world that is, for him, foreboding and increasingly hopeless. These are not the hallmarks of narcissism but rather the marks of despair. Holden's character is sympathetic in large part because of a strong undercurrent of tenderness, nostalgia, ironic innocence and protective instincts. But the careful reader will note that Holden's negativity has a specific source and also that he does not seek out destruction. In his confused state, Holden positions himself as a child in need of protection before running off the cliff (in the central metaphor of the text) and as the child-shepherd ready to save others. The destructive aspects of his character might be best attributed to the idea that Holden canno...

As The Metamorphosis abruptly begins with Gregor’s transformation, it is a bit difficult to discern exactly what his relationship with his mother was like prior to the transformation. We know that Gregor has, until this point, been the primary breadwinner for the family. His mother, like the rest of his family, was initially grateful for his financial assistance but has now come to expect it. “They had become quite accustomed to it, both the family and Gregor as well. They took the money with thanks, and he happily surrendered it, but the special warmth was no longer present.” (Part I) Despite this, Gregor’s mother appears to care about her son when the novella opens. Unaware that he has transformed into a giant bug, she gently reminds him not to be late in leaving for work. When his manager comes to inquire about why Gregor is not at work, his mother defends Gregor’s dedication to his job, demonstrating that she understands the degree to which he has sacrificed his personal life to p...

At the most basic level, William Wordsworth's solitary reaper is a nameless young woman singing to herself as she works in a field. The narrator of the poem refers to her as "Yon solitary Highland Lass!" (2), and she appears to be a normal, relatively uninteresting commoner. However, the narrator describes the reaper's song with such vivid detail that, although she might be a common laborer, she is ultimately elevated to a level of significant importance by the end of the poem.  Wordsworth focuses most of his description on the sound of the reaper's song, and he describes it in great detail. First, he compares it to a "Nightingale" (9), which then causes him to imagine "weary bands / Of travellers in some shady haunt, / Among Arabian sands" (10-12). Then, however, Wordsworth imagines that the song refers to "old, unhappy, far-off things, / And battles long ago" (20), suggesting that her song is less of an exotic tale and more of a sor...

Squire Cass is the wealthiest man in Raveloe. He is complacent, indolent, slovenly, neglectful of his sons, and short-tempered. The father of Godfrey and Dunstan, he is inconsistent in his treatment of his sons, vacillating between strictness and indulgence. In Chapter III, Squire Cass is introduced as the "greatest man in Raveloe." But, he does not deserve the title bestowed upon him, although he is a landlord and collects rents. In Chapter IX he comes to breakfast at his home called Red House. He is described as ...a tall, stout man of sixty, with a face in which the knit brow and rather hard glance seemed contradicted by the slack and feeble mouth. His person showed marks of habitual neglect, his dress was slovenly; and yet there was something in the presence of the old Squire distinguishable from that of the ordinary farmer in the parish... Squire Cass has a certain authoritativeness to his voice and self-confidence and way of carrying himself that sets him apart from the...

No. "The Lottery" is brimming with irony and lots of figurative language, but as far as I can tell, there aren't any oxymorons in the text. Oxymorons are an interesting little figure of speech: they're a contradiction in terms, or in other words, a statement of two opposing words, phrases, or ideas. Everyday examples of oxymorons include "open secret," "idiot savant," and "If you want to hold onto something, let it go." Here's an example of an oxymoron from another work of literature: When Juliet calls Romeo a "fiend angelical," it means he's a devilish angel, two descriptions which are, of course, opposite ideas. But this is just after Juliet found out that Romeo murdered Juliet's cousin, so the oxymoron stands: she still loves him (and thinks of him as an angel) but is also very upset (and thinks of him as a fiend). You can certainly point to some phrases in "The Lottery" that are sharply ironic, such as ...

The most common explanation for the US entry into WWI emphasizes that the US entered the war because of Germany’s policy of unlimited submarine warfare.  The US disapproved of Germany’s submarine warfare because it seemed cruel and because it was contrary to international laws that were supposed to guarantee freedom of the seas.  The US had been outraged, for example, when a German submarine sank the passenger liner Lusitania with over 1,000 civilians (among who were more than 100 Americans) onboard.  The Germans stopped engaging in this sort of tactic for a while in response to American criticism. When Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, US public opinion turned more strongly against the Germans.  This hostility was exacerbated by the revelation of the Zimmermann Telegram, in which the Germans tried to get Mexico to enter the war on the German side in exchange for which the Germans would defeat the US and give Mexico back the land the US had taken from it in the Me...

In multiple places throughout To Kill a Mockingbird , author Harper Lee uses Miss Maudie to reveal further background information about the characters through things Miss Maudie says about them, giving us a new perspective. One example can be seen in the information she relays to Scout concerning Arthur (Boo) Radley . In Chapter 5, author Lee uses Miss Maudie to quiet any rumors and myths surrounding Arthur Radley, particularly those told to the children by Miss Stephanie Crawford such as the notion that Arthur peeks in windows at night. Beyond quieting rumors, Miss Maudie explains that Arthur's father was a foot-washing Baptist, a denomination that interprets the Bible very literally. According to Miss Maudie, "Foot-washers believe anything that's pleasure is a sin" (Ch. 5). Through her account of Arthur's background, Miss Maudie offers a plausible explanatio n for why Arthur never leaves his house--he has been taught that doing something that would bring h...

The female body in  Hamlet  is viewed primarily through male eyes and seen primarily as site of sexuality or potential sexuality, and the sexual female body is represented most often as diseased, corrupt, or as the body of a whore.  Hamlet views his mother through a sexual lens, which has led more than one critic to an Oedipal reading of the text, in which Hamlet is reluctant to kill Claudius because Claudius has enacted Hamlet's own unconscious desire to murder his father and marry his mother. In any case, Hamlet represents his mother as a loose, unclean, impure woman for her marriage to Claudius. Hamlet condemns her for her "wicked speed" in heading "with such dexterity to incestuous sheets," meaning that, in Hamlet's opinion, she married and jumped into bed with Claudius far too quickly after the death of her husband. He also sees her sexuality as a disease or "blister," saying that her marriage to Claudius "takes off the rose / From the fa...

Limit comparison test is applicable when `suma_n` and `sumb_n` are series with positive terms. If `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=L` where L is a finite number and `L>0` ,then either both series converge or both diverge. Given series is `sum_(n=1)^oo(2^n+1)/(5^n+1)` Let the comparison series be `sum_(n=1)^oo2^n/5^n=sum_(n=1)^oo(2/5)^n` The comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo(2/5)^n` is a geometric series with ratio `r=2/5<1` A geometric series converges, if `0<|r|<1` So, the comparison series which is a geometric series converges. Now let's use the Limit comparison test with: `a_n=(2^n+1)/(5^n+1)`   and `b_n=2^n/5^n` `a_n/b_n=((2^n+1)/(5^n+1))/(2^n/5^n)` `a_n/b^n=(2^n+1)/(5^n+1)(5^n/2^n)` `a_n/b^n=((2^n+1)/2^n)(5^n/(5^n+1))` `a_n/b^n=(1+1/2^n)(1/(1+1/5^n))` `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=lim_(n->oo)(1+1/2^n)(1/(1+1/5^n))` `=1>0` Since the comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo2^n/5^n` converges,the series `sum_(n=1)^oo(2^n+1)/(5^n+1)` as well ,converges as per the limit comparison test.

Correlational designs and experimental designs yield information which can look similar but are fundamentally and drastically different.  A correlation show the relationship between two factors in terms of how often they are associated with each other. For example, there is probably a very high correlation between height and shoe size. Taller people tend to have larger feet than short people. Or there may be no correlation between two factors, such as the amount of cereal people buy and their shoe size. The key to understanding correlation is this: it shows whether there is a relationship between two factors, but it says nothing about cause, whether one factor causes the other. For instance, we can safely say that all bank robbers have drunk water, so there is a high correlation there. But drinking water does not cause a person to rob a bank.  Experimental research designs focus on finding out how one variable affects another; in other words, because of its design, it can determine ca...

The Wabanakis were a Native American tribe with whom the English colonists were engaged in war as of August, 1668, some four years before the Salem Witch Trials began.  The colonists had suffered tremendous losses as a result of this war.  In Maine, especially, the colonist population had been so decimated that towns were abandoned and left to the Indian warriors to people.  As a result of all this, the relationship between the Puritans and Wabanaki Indians was pretty bad. The Puritans tended to associate natives with the Devil.  Their skin color, their religion, and their tactics in war made them suspect.  To the colonists, the Indians were heathens who attacked them mercilessly, killing their men and often their wives and children.  Just as the Puritans saw themselves as victims of visible attacks by the Indians, they felt themselves to be constantly under attack by the Devil and his witches as well, and so it didn't take long for the colonists to associate Indians with witches. ...

When Shakespeare's  Macbeth  begins, Macbeth is a noble and courageous military leader. He's defeated the King of Norway and the treacherous Macdonwald in a decisive battle, and for his efforts he is fated to earn King Duncan's approval and admiration. Based on the way the play opens, it's easy to view Macbeth as an honorable man, one who could be potentially destined for greatness. The way that Macbeth's character unravels is what makes him a tragic figure. With the Weird Sisters' prophetic promises ringing in his ears, Macbeth increasingly allows his ambition to get the better of him. At first, though he is clearly tempted by the chance to kill Duncan and steal the crown, Macbeth seems reluctant to follow through with his schemes. However, once Macbeth actually does murder Duncan, he truly begins to change. He becomes increasingly paranoid and resorts to ruthlessness to satisfy his craving for security. Indeed he even goes so far as to murder one of his closes...

Work is defined as a displacement of an object or thing due to being acted upon by a force. The more work done, the more force is used when compared to the distance the force was done over. We can find the amount of force (measured in joules) using the equation: `W=F/d` Work is equal to the force applied divided by the distance. In your question, the work done to the ball is equal to 1600J (I assume you meant J and not T as T is not a unit of force). The distance here would be equal to 0.05 meters. Since we're trying to find the force done, we need to re-arrange our problem by isolating the force variable. Then we plug in our variables and find our answer. `W=F/d` `Wd=F` `(1600J)(0.05m)=F` `F=80N` In order for the ball to stop in the given distance with the given amount of work it would have to have 80 Newtons (SI unit for force) placed upon it to bring it to a stop by the ground. I hope that helped you better understand the work equation!

The ozone "hole" is an area of depleted ozone located in the stratosphere above the Antarctic that occurs between August and October. Ozone depletion is caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Once CFCs reach the stratosphere, their reaction with UV light leads to the release of chlorine atoms into the atmosphere. Chlorine atoms then participate in other chemical reactions that destroy the ozone and release chlorine atoms back into the atmosphere. During the months of November through July, most of the chlorine released from CFCs is stored in the stable compounds hydrochloric acid and chlorine nitrate. Unusual weather patterns in the Antarctic between the months of August and October trigger chemical reactions that break down hydrochloric acid and chlorine nitrate into free chlorine atoms. This results in a period of ozone depletion between August and October. The ozone layer stabilizes during the remainder of the year.

Two sisters, Dee and Maggie, are the focal characters in the short story "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker. The two daughters are quite different in appearance and personality. Despite growing up in the same family, they live entirely different lives. Maggie is rural and follows many of her family's long-honored traditions, while Dee has chosen to leave behind her rural heritage and instead embrace African tribal traditions.  In "Everyday Use," Walker highlights differences between the sisters as a way to develop the contrast between the life each has chosen. In comparing the sisters, it is easy to find differences between them. Maggie keeps her birth name, while Dee changes hers to Wangero. Maggie lives at home; Dee does not. Maggie has a limp, but Dee does not. Maggie has chosen to follow the traditions of her family, while Dee decides to affiliate herself with African tribal traditions instead. Maggie is content where she is; Dee is restless and seeks satisfacti...

When Helen was very young and struggled to communicate, she almost killed her baby sister by overturning her cradle.  Helen had usually kept her doll in the cradle.  One day, she discovered her infant sister sleeping in the cradle.  Angrily, Helen turned it over.  Her mother caught baby Mildred before she tumbled onto the floor.  Helen was filled with jealousy toward her sister.  She had been the youngest child until Mildred arrived.  Helen hated how much of their mother's time the new baby took up, and she "regarded [her] little sister as an intruder" ( The Story of My Life , Chapter II). Later on in life, "Mildred and [Helen] grew into each other's hearts" (Chapter II).  After Helen learned how to communicate, she developed a more positive view of Mildred.  They spent time together and tried to communicate with each other.  When Helen learned how to speak, "little Mildred seized [her] free hand and kissed it and danced" (Chapter XIII).  Together,...

The Crucible is violent because, through the events of the play, innocent and good people are wrongly persecuted, imprisoned, and eventually hanged, by a corrupt justice system, for crimes they did not commit.  The violence done to these individuals in the name of justice is disturbing and tragic.  Take John Proctor, for instance: though he is not sinless, he is a good man.  He is accused of witchcraft by Mary Warren, his cowardly and hypocritical employee, and he is found guilty through no evidence aside from her testimony.  His own words are twisted against him.  He is left to rot in a disgusting jail cell for months, all because some terrible coward sought to save herself by pointing a finger at him.  Further, on the day of his hanging, his judge isn't even convinced that he's committed the crime of which he's been accused, but because Danforth is afraid of undermining his own and the court's authority, he will neither transmute nor delay the sentence.  Proctor is f...

Jackson deliberately refrains from letting the reader know that the lottery in her story ends with a brutal death by stoning because she wants to surprise and shock the reader and because she wants the reader to see a lovely little village to get across the message that even the most decent of human beings can be persuaded to perform inhumane acts.  Any story is only as good as its ability to engage the reader.  Had Jackson begun by letting the reader know the end of the story, it is doubtful that anyone would still be reading it.  As it is, it is assigned, read, and written about by probably millions of students, most of whom find it to be an engaging story.  Similarly, if Jackson began with wicked villagers, the message she sought to convey could not have gotten through to her readers. When we see wicked people doing wicked things in a story, we are able to tell ourselves we could never be like that because we are good people.  What Jackson understood and what she wanted her readers ...

When you are first born, your body has 270 bones.  As you get older some of these bones fuse together so that by the time you reach adulthood your body has 206 bones in it.  It becomes fairly easy to learn many of the bones when you realize that your body is a mirror image of itself when it comes to the skeletal system.  For example, if you learn the bones of the right arm and hand, you also know the bones of the left arm and hand since each arm and hand contains the exact same bones.  Your head contains 29 bones, the arms contain 6 bones, the hands contain 54 bones, the legs contain 6 bones, the feet contain 52 bones, the vertebral column contains 24 bones, and the remaining 35 bones make up the rest of the skeleton. In comparison, the muscular system contains roughly 640 muscles.  In the face alone there are about 30 muscles.  The muscles are divided into three groups: skeletal (works with bones to facilitate movement), smooth (found in hollow organs), and cardiac (found only in the ...

Laboratory apparatus vary from laboratory to laboratory, depending on the laboratory's subject of focus. For example, a physics laboratory will have different apparatus than a chemistry laboratory. Here are some of the common laboratory apparatus (and each one's purpose) for a chemistry laboratory: Bunsen burner: for heating samples Test tubes: for holding small samples that will undergo reactions Erlenmeyer/ conical flask: for sample storage or titration experiments Burette: for titration experiments and/or adding precise volume of a liquid to a container Pipette: for adding precise volume of a liquid to another liquid or glassware weighing balance: for measuring the mass of substances, such as salts and filter paper Graduated cylinders: come in various sizes and are used for measuring the volume of liquids Beakers: available in various sizes and are used as reaction vessels or for sample storage Funnel: typically made of glass and used for transferring liquids from one contai...

Weight is determined by multiplying the mass of an object in kilograms times the acceleration due to gravity.       W = m x g  W = weight in Newtons  m = mass in kg  g = acceleration due to gravity in m/`~s^2` Step 1: Determine the mass of the object. The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is equal to: 1.622 m/`~s^2` . The weight on the moon is equal to: 100 N Plugging these values into the formula for weight enables us to calculate the mass of the object in kilograms.    100 N = mass x 1.622     mass = 100/1.622  = 61.7 kg Step 2: Determine the weight of the object on Earth. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is equal to: 9.8 m/`~s^2` . The mass of the object on Earth will be the same as the mass of the object on the moon: 61.7 kg Plugging these values into the formula for weight enables us to calculate the weight of the object on Earth.    weight = 61.7 x 9.8 = 605 N

December 7, 1941, was a day that altered life in the United States. That morning, the Japanese attacked us at Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor is located in Hawaii, and the military base and the territory were impacted greatly by this attack. Immediately after the attack, people were in a mindset of war. In Hawaii, precautions had to be taken against the possibility of more attacks. At night, lights were turned out to make the island hard to see. People sealed their homes with darkening shades so no light could be seen from the air. People went to serve in the military. Martial law was established. People had to carry identification cards. Many of the Japanese people living in Hawaii were detained. Information was limited regarding military activities. At Pearl Harbor, all the damage had to be cleaned up and removed. Planes that could still fly were moved to various locations. Defenses were established throughout the island. The base had to get b...

In anticipating the objection to war against the military superpower of Britain, Henry makes two responses.  First, he asks the rhetorical question "when shall we be stronger?"  He doesn't believe that time ("next week...next year") alone will enable the colonies to strengthen themselves. He creates an image of every colonial home forced to quarter a British soldier, implying that then it would be too late to muster any military strength.  He goes on to claim that God will send allies to help the colonies repel the British; it seems plausible that he was thinking of the French, who did indeed assist the colonies later in the Revolutionary War.  Henry estimates that there are three million in the colonies, and that if they all united in the common cause, they would be invincible against "any force which our enemy can send against us." 

Below, you'll find basic explanations for sections 12, 17, and 32 of Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself." 12: this section describes the movements of both a butcher boy (217-18) and a group of blacksmiths (219-24). Though the images seem random, they function as one of the poem's many "slice of life" sequences. These sections, which generally focus on seemingly random scenes from everyday life, seek to capture the beauty of ordinary existence. Thus, Whitman transforms the ordinary movement of the butcher boy and the blacksmiths into a dignified, poetic occasion. 17: this short section promotes the universality of Whitman's poetic message. Whitman says "These are really the thoughts of all men in all ages and lands" (355), and in making this statement, he asserts that "Song of Myself" taps into a universal experience of the self that is relevant for all times and for all peoples. The description of a universal human experience is one o...

Recall that indefinite integral follows the formula: `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`  where: `f(x)` as the integrand            `F(x)` as the anti-derivative function             `C`  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration For the given problem `int 1/(xsqrt(9x^2+1)) dx` , it resembles one of the formula from integration table.  We may apply the integral formula for rational function with roots as: `int dx/(xsqrt(x^2+a^2))= -1/aln((a+sqrt(x^2+a^2))/x)+C` .  For easier comparison, we  apply u-substitution by letting:  `u^2 =9x^2` or `(3x)^2` then `u = 3x ` or `u/3 =x` . Note: The corresponding value of `a^2=1` or `1^2` then `a=1` . For the derivative of `u` , we get: `du = 3 dx` or `(du)/3= dx` . Plug-in the values on the integral problem, we get: `int 1/(xsqrt(9x^2+1)) dx =int 1/((u/3)sqrt(u^2+1)) *(du)/3`                          `=int 3/(usqrt(u^2+1)) *(du)/3`                          `=int (du)/(usqrt(u^2+1))` Applying the aforementioned integral formula where `a^2=1` an...

Parallel structure is the use of matching grammatical structures within parts of a sentence or within neighboring sentences. Parallel structure can also include a repetition of larger elements in a work, such as events with similar outcomes described in a similar way. Gordimer uses both types of parallel structure in "Once upon a Time." In the following sentence, note the repetition of prepositional phrases at the beginning. In a house, in a suburb, in a city, there were a man and his wife who loved each other very much and were living happily ever after. The next four sentences all begin with the words "they had." They had a little boy, and they loved him very much. They had a cat and a dog that the little boy loved very much. They had a car and a caravan trailer for holidays, and a swimming-pool which was fenced so that the little boy and his playmates would not fall in and drown. They had a housemaid who was absolutely trustworthy and an itinerant gardener w...

Russell's main argument is that the people we consider good are not actually good--they are just conventional. He begins with the example of Jeremy Bentham, a philosopher who defined goodness as doing good works. Bentham spearheaded many reforms, but was considered an evil man.  Russell discusses the attributes of a person who society considers "good." Such a person does not drink or smoke, speaks without foul language, and endorses the idea that we should punish sin. Such a person, Russell points out, can actually do harm, as he or she can defend the unfair treatment of others as condoned by God (as did the former Kaiser, a religious man). In addition, "good" people can often be pawns that start serious problems. He mentions, for example, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was murdered in Sarajevo--the spark that started World War I. As Russell writes, "the standards of 'goodness' which are generally recognized by public opinion are not those which are ...

If Alexander Hamilton viewed the modern judicial branch, I think that he would believe that what he articulated back then is being continued today. Hamilton would see the modern judicial branch as similar to what he observed in the nation's earliest days.  He argued that the interpretative function of the judiciary made it predisposed to not harming the Constitution. In many respects, Hamilton saw it as the least powerful of the three branches:   Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them. Today's judicial branch, most notably in the form of the Supreme Court, is designed to not "annoy or injure" Constitutional ideas.  For example, when the Court announces its decisions, its ma...

The Quebec Act of 1774 was a law passed by the British Parliament intended to provide greater rights to the French inhabitants of Canada, which had come under British rule as a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris.  The provisions of this Act included the following:  appointment of a new governor and council in Quebec; official recognition of the French civil code as operating in Quebec (with English law prevailing in criminal matters); recognition of the Roman Catholic Church enabling Catholics to hold public office; extension of Quebec's boundaries south to the Ohio River and west to the Mississippi River. In spite of the good intentions of this particular act, the American colonists viewed it as simply another "Intolerable" act, as it came quick on the heels of the "Coercive Acts" designed to punish them for their disobedience.  Furthermore, the fear existed that with the Quebec Act, a Roman Catholic French Empire would re-emerge in American colonial territory....

Anaphora is a literary device in which the writer or speaker deliberately repeats the first part of a sentence in order to create artistic emphasis. The Literary Devices dictionary gives us the following example of anaphora found in a biblical psalm: O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me... (Psalms 6:1-2, King James Version) Here, the repetition of "O LORD" creates anaphora. In the early chapters Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird , one example of anaphora can be found in Scout's early description of Calpurnia , the Finches' cook: Calpurnia was something else again. She was all angles and bones; she was nearsighted; she squinted; her hand was as wide as a bed slat and twice as hard. She was always ordering me out of the kitchen (Ch. 1). Since Scout dislikes Calpurnia at the beginning of the novel, Scout uses anaphora to emphasize Calpurnia's negative qualit...

A synecdoche is a literary term for a part that represents a whole. Act III, Scene 5 functions as a synecdoche because the entire sweep of action and the movement from joy to tragedy are expressed in the scene. At the beginning of the scene, Juliet and Romeo are together and are so loathe to leave each other that they argue about whether they hear the lark, who sings at night, or the nightingale, who sings during the day. When the Nurse comes to tell Juliet that Lady Capulet is on her way, Romeo reluctantly leaves. He is banished, so Juliet does not know when she will see him again. At this point, the scene moves from joy to a foreboding of tragedy. When Lady Capulet shows up, she thinks Juliet is upset about Tybalt, who Romeo has killed, and Juliet and Lady Capulet have a conversation in which Lady Capulet does not understand that Juliet is mourning Romeo's departure. This part of the scene again foreshadows later events in which Lady Capulet and her husband don't understand J...

The federal government created by the Articles of Confederation was a weak one. This was done because many people were afraid that a strong federal government would be too powerful and may abuse the powers it had. However, by creating a weak federal government, problems arose. One problem the federal government faced was financial. Because the federal government couldn’t tax, it had a hard time paying its debts. Another issue was that other countries were pushing us around. There wasn’t much we could do about this because the federal government couldn’t force people to join the military. Our military was in no position to fight Spain or Great Britain over their interference with our trade. A third issue was that the federal government couldn’t keep order. When farmers in Massachusetts rebelled because they were losing their farms when they couldn’t pay their mortgages, the federal government did nothing to end the uprising, which was known as Shays' Rebellion. The state militia had...

The balanced equation for this reaction is:        Cu + `~2AgNO_3` -> `~Cu(NO_3)_2` + 2Ag Step 1: Determine the molar mass conversion factors for `~AgNO_3` and Ag. The molar mass of a substance is calculated by multiplying the atomic mass of each element in a substance by its subscript and adding the resulting products together. Molar Mass `~AgNO_3` : 1(107.968) + 1(14.007) + 3(15.999) = 169.972 g/mol     Therefore, 1 mole = 169.972 grams `~AgNO_3` Molar Mass Ag: 1(107.968) = 107.968 g/mol     Therefore, 1 mole = 107.968 g Ag Step 2: Determine the mole ratio between `~AgNO_3` and Ag. The  mole ratio is ratio between the coefficients of two substances in a chemical reaction. The coefficient of `~AgNO_3` is 2. The coefficient of Ag is 2. Therefore the mole ratio is 2 moles `~AgNO_3` = 2 moles Ag . Step 3:  Perform the stoichiometry calculation. The stoichiometry calculation will take the general form:  (given amount)(`~AgNO_3` conversion factor)(mole ratio)(Ag conversion factor) The...

In addition to drawing conclusions regarding modern tragic protagonists from 20th century and 21st century drama, we can look to both Aristotle and Arthur Miller for help in answering this question.  First, a short answer: Modern tragic figures, like ancient tragic figures, are notable for their plight, which is often that of the square peg trying to fit into the round hole. These characters seek a social integration that allows for individual dignity yet, for various reasons built into the character's personality/ psyche, this integration proves impossible. The tragic figure is either unwilling to accept the place society provides for him or her or is unable to acknowledge his or her own value in the social scheme. (These two things are not necessarily different, and they are as true for Antigone as they are for John Proctor. Sometimes, the social order is linked to a larger sense of a world order, wherein essential values are questioned. Other times, the tragic figure experience...