Notes

"Major Sholto's house" is Pondicherry Lodge. In what way does do this residence evoke themes representative of 19th century society? In answering this question, I will focus on elements of the home -- physical and social -- that pertain to themes that were especially important to the 19th century, as opposed to other historical periods: The house as a fortress to protect treasures stolen from native peoples A social system in the house that reflects 19th central ideals of master-servant relationships An exterior appearance that evokes industrialism Surrounding grounds that have been dug up in order to find treasure -- evoking the theme of destroying the environment for economic rewards Note that Major Sholto is already dead before the novel begins, but we are provided with background information from his son and Jonathan Small. 1. Major Sholto, who was hoarding in his house a vast treasure that had been stolen from an Indian rajah, was fearful of his British competitors, ...

The growth rate of a population in a given geographical region is dependent on a number of factors, including those that increase the population and those that decrease it. The number of births, in a given time, will increase the population. In comparison, the number of deaths, in a given time period, will decrease the population. An important factor that causes an increase in the population is the immigration or the entry of new organisms in the area. Similarly, emigration (or departure of organisms from the area) causes a reduction in the population. Thus, four factors are generally considered in determining population growth rate; these include birth, death, immigration and emigration. We can also say that, Increase in population = births + immigration - death - emigration

Duke Orsino is suffering, and he is hoping that the music will end his suffering. Duke Orsino is in love, but his love is unrequited. Olivia has vowed off men.  She has experienced some hardships because both her father and brother died and she wants to take a seven year mourning period to recover from the loss.  This is a different kind of love.  Duke Orsino has convinced himself that he is in love with her, but she will have none of it.  This is why he tells the musician to play on, because music is the “food of love,” as they say, and if you eat too much, you will no longer have an appetite for it.  Basically, if you listen to enough music, you won’t be in love anymore.  I guess that’s his plan, metaphorically. DUKE ORSINO If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die. That strain again! it had a dying fall … (Act 1, Scene 1) It doesn’t work.  Orsino gets sick of the music and tells the musicians to stop.  Shakespe...

I thought / they loved / me, did / me grace / To please / them selves ;/ 'twas all / their deed ;/ God makes ,/ or fair ,/ or foul ,/ our face ;/ If show /ing mine / so caused / to bleed / My cou /sins' hearts ,/ they should / have dropped / A word ,/ and straight / the play / had stopped. / In the above, the stressed syllables are bolded, while the unstressed syllables are not. A meter contains several feet of stressed and unstressed syllables. (In poetry, a "foot" refers to two or more syllables, one of which is usually stressed and one of which is usually unstressed.) Since we have an unstressed/stressed pattern in each line, the meter is iambic. Other meters with two-syllable feet are trochaic (with stressed/unstressed feet) and spondaic (stressed/stressed feet). Also, we have four feet in each line, so we would classify the meter as iambic tetrameter. This means that the feet are iambs—combinations of one unstressed and one stressed syllable—and there are four p...

Chapter 3's most important events are Ben's two meetings with Marla, his resolution to try to hook up with Dallas, and his dreams about talking with Jesus.  Here's a more detailed summary: The chapter takes place in late August, as Ben is talking with his therapist Marla (who's specifically a psychiatric social worker) about his plans to participate in football. He's witty and playful with her, but in his mind, he reconsiders his plan to not tell his family about how he's going to die soon. Ben feels frightened and unsure of himself, but he also feels curious about the whole situation. He considers how he might pack a lifetime's worth of experiences into a single year, and about how, in terms of other living creatures and the history of the world, a year of life is paradoxically both an amazing gift and something practically negligible. Ben jokes with Marla about condensing his life into a single year, then asks her to reassure his doctor that he's fine ...

In her elegy to the Reverend George Whitefield, African-American poet Phillis Wheatley expresses her admiration for the Anglican minister and laments his passing.  Lines five and six communicate, as you say, "the egalitarian nature of the Great Awakening." "Thy sermons in unequalled accents flowed, And every bosom with devotion glowed;" Wheatley observes that Whitefield had no equal in the pulpit and that everyone who heard his sermons was devoted to him and God.  The Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in the American colonies which Whitefield was involved in the 1740's, sought to bring all people to the church; this egalitarian spirit was much different than the exclusionary stance the Puritans had taken in earlier years in the northern colonies. It may well be that Phillis Wheatley, a slave in a Boston home, was especially impressed by a man who welcomed African-American slaves into the church and preached that God did not discriminate.  Some credit...

It is obvious that the poet has broken away from the conventional image one has of death as a dark force epitomized by a cloaked and hooded figure, carrying a scythe. Here, Death is personified as a young man attired in bright garments, as if he were out to have fun. Death is not some gloomy and disparaging figure that would frighten the wits out of its victim. The speaker has encountered Death in a nightmare and its purpose is clear. It wants to take the speaker's life and seems to relish the task, for it has "a broad white smile." Furthermore, the exorbitant and flashy colors that Death wears suggests that it is there to celebrate, and its flamboyance suggests a carnival. Death is "beautiful" and a "saga boy," which is a West Indian expression for a smartly dressed young man.  This image, as already mentioned, contrasts directly with the general view of Death and what it actually represents. Dying is not deemed a pleasant affair, and one who senses i...

Shirley Jackson's 1948 short story The Lottery begins in a quaint village where everyone is gathering for an annual ritual; the lottery.  The old box where slips of paper are drawn is brought to the town square and a listing of households is presented.  The story suggests the town has a strong desire to see everyone is present and fairly represented at the drawing.  After the first drawing Tessie Hutchinson argues her husband Bill, who drew the black dot, was not treated fairly.  A second drawing is held with only members of the family.  Tessie draws the final black dot which condemns her to death by stoning. The aim of the lottery in the story is to pick from the townspeople who will be the victim of a brutal murder in an equitable manner.  The greater meaning behind the ritual is never revealed.  Jackson mentions several times throughout the story that the ritual has gone on for so many years the originating story has long been forgotten.  Some towns have even done away with the...

Oedipus decides to search for the killer of Laius, both because the oracle has stated that it is the only way to rid Thebes of all its problems as well as because "in righting [Laius] [Oedipus] serves [him]self."  He figures that whoever slew Laius might return to slay him too.  Immediately after this, the Chorus prays to the gods and laments the sad times in Thebes.  When they are finished, Oedipus steps in, rather pridefully, and assures them that he has the situation well in hand.  His pride while addressing them, and his assurance that he can handle the situation (rather than praying to the gods as a more humble man might do), certainly increases the dramatic tension in the play.  Sophocles's audience would already have known Oedipus's story, and so his proud response to the Chorus builds dramatic irony -- when the audience knows more than the character -- increasing tension as well.  After Teiresias has essentially told Oedipus that he is the killer, the Chorus a...

It should not be very difficult to draw a diagram using this information. Look in your book for an example of a long-run average cost (LRAC) curve.  You can also find one in the link below.  When you look at an LRAC, you will see that the horizontal axis shows the quantity of product that you are producing.  Meanwhile, vertical axis shows the cost of producing those goods. With this information in hand, you should be able to draw your own LRAC based on the information in the question. Of the information you provided, only the number of cars produced and their average cost matter.  The percent change in the cost of producing the cars is not relevant to this question. On your horizontal axis, put the number of cars produced.  On the vertical axis, put the index of average unit costs.  Then plot all five of the points you have.  Once you have plotted your points, draw a curve that goes through all of them. You now have your LRAC. Please note that this must not be a full LRAC.  A full LRAC...

Three of many images that have symbolic meaning are the pear tree and the bees, the dusty road, and Janie's hair. First, the pear tree, its blossoms, and the bees are introduced in Chapter Two. Janie is sixteen and starting to realize her sensual desires. The blossoms and bees are mentioned occasionally throughout the book when Janie feels lonely, or misses experiencing the epitome of love and sensuality. Janie desires to be able to explore that side of herself freely with an amazing man who has stolen her heart. At sixteen, though, Janie analyzes the blooming pear tree after her chores and realizes the following: "From barren brown stems to glistening leaf-buds; from the leaf-buds to snowy virginity of bloom . . . The rose of the world was breathing out smell. It followed her through all her waking moments and caressed her in her sleep" (10). In this passage, Janie recognizes the connection between the growing buds from a barren winter. She is in awe that these buds bloo...

Southern politicians in Congress made these threats because they were angry that California's constitution, which had to be approved to admit it to statehood, outlawed slavery within its borders. South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun, the aging politician most associated with this position, argued that the ability to bar slavery from new states in the West doomed the slaveholding South to permanent minority status within the Union. This was an old argument that dated back to the debate over the admission of Missouri in 1820. Like the Missouri crisis, the California crisis was resolved by a complex political compromise that called for the admission of California as a free state. Calhoun spoke against this aspect of the compromise, and many northerners were outraged by the harsh terms of the Fugitive Slave Act. The compromise in many ways set the tone of the spiraling crisis over slavery that divided the nation in 1860. 

Thomas Frank contends that so-called "backlash politics" do not arise from racism. He states that blaming racism for white voting patterns involves "daft theories about 'crypto-racism'" (page 170). Frank believes that areas of the U.S. such as Kansas do engage in voting patterns that are opposed to their own self-interest but that they don't do so because they are racist. However, Haney Lopez disagrees with Frank "because he [Frank] fatally misses how quickly and dramatically racism has evolved" (page 170). Frank views racism as involving overt statements about white supremacy, but, as Haney Lopez says, modern racism is more subtle. The author believes that "race contributes to broad-based support for regressive policies that wreck the middle class" (page 170). Haney Lopez believes that white voters are swayed by what he calls "racial commonsense," including their belief that they will benefit from the social status of being...

Indefinite integrals are written in the form of `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`  where: `f(x)` as the integrand           `F(x)` as the anti-derivative function             `C`  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration To evaluate the given problem `int sin^4(6theta) d theta` , we may apply u-substitution by letting: `u = 6theta` then `du = 6 d theta` or `(du)/6 = d theta` . The integral becomes: `int sin^4(6theta) d theta=int sin^4(u) * (du)/6`  Apply the basic properties of integration: `int c*f(x) dx= c int f(x) dx` . `int sin^4(u) * (du)/6=1/6int sin^4(u)du` . Apply the integration formula for sine function: `int sin^n(x) dx = -(cos(x)sin^(n-1)(x))/n+(n-1)/n int sin^(n-2)(x)dx` . `1/6int sin^4(u)du=1/6[-(cos(u)sin^(4-1)(u))/4+(4-1)/4 int sin^(4-2)(u)du]` .                     `=1/6[-(cos(u)sin^(3)(u))/4+3/4 int sin^(2)(u)du]` For the integral `int sin^(2)(u)du` , we may apply trigonometric identity: `sin^2(x)= 1-cos(2x)/2 or 1/2 - cos(2x)/2.` We get: `int sin^(2)(u)du = i...

The king believes the trial by arena (or choice of the doors) is perfect justice. An accused man determines his own guilt or innocence with one simple decision. Either he chooses the tiger and is promptly killed, or he chooses the lady and is married. The king was quite happy with himself over this administration of justice. Its fairness could not be argued. The accused carried the burden of determining his own fate:  He could open either door he pleased; he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance. When the princess's lover is accused, however, the king's justice is corrupted. Because this "hot-blooded, semi-barbaric" princess was pleased and happy with her lover, she was particularly interested in his fate. Thus, she asserts her power and gains dominance over her father's arena of justice by discovering the secret of the doors. What had once been an exercise solely based on luck, has now been disto...

During the period of European colonialism, imperialism, and slavery, race played a big part in the structuring of new societies and the replacement of old ones. White, Christian Europeans were of the belief that God had created many distinct races of the world, but that some were naturally better than others. White Europeans believed themselves to be at the top of this racial hierarchy, considering themselves the most intelligent, most moral, and purest of the handful of simplified racial categorizations- the others being Black, Red, Brown, and Yellow. There were many attempts to scientifically justify these racial categorizations on the basis of bone structure, terminal height, dental health, intelligence quotient, and physical strength, and this gave way to terms like Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid in referring to people in different phenotypes. Today we know that these socially-structured categories are not based in any scientific, bodily reality, but nonetheless they have a sign...

The "scramble for Africa" took place for several reasons, according to Schillington: Various other countries managed to catch up to Great Britain in terms of industrialization and manufacturing abilities. This made them decent competitors in the sudden search for new markets for the sale of goods once their home markets (in other words, European markets) became oversaturated.  European nations were also motivated by the belief that African countries contained raw materials (and, thus, sources of wealth) that had gone untouched. The potential reward of moving "in" on Africa was huge. These two factors (combined with the colonialists' ability to exploit the already existing conflicts between African states and the European "home advantage" of having much more advanced military technology) made African resistance pretty much futile.  The "scramble" itself was mostly delayed by how long Britain had managed to cling to the "free trade" m...

When answering this question, consider Ferdinand’s predicament. He just endured a shipwreck, and he thinks he is alone on the island. Describe his feelings about the shipwreck and losing his father and his friends. Remember, the play takes place all in one day, so you should also discuss Ferdinand’s feelings about meeting Miranda and her father and about his imprisonment. Next, describe how Ferdinand falls in love with Miranda. You could even describe his feelings when Prospero gives him permission to marry Miranda, but then tells him he cannot “break her virgin knot.” Describe their “wedding ceremony” and how it was interrupted when Prospero remembered the murder plot against him. Finally, describe how Ferdinand feels when he is reunited with his father.

When Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election in 1860, the leaders and many civilians of the southern states were very nervous. They were convinced Abraham Lincoln was going to end slavery. As a result, seven southern states seceded from the Union after Abraham Lincoln won the election. In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln made it very clear he was not interested in ending slavery. He used a quote from one of his previous speeches where he said, “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” If the leaders of the southern states would have taken President Lincoln at his word, they would not have had to worry he would end slavery in the southern states. They didn’t believe him, though. They also had other concerns about slavery's long-term survival, as well as future policies concerning slavery. In Abraham Lincoln...

There are nine occasions which can be deemed meetings. Some were signaled by the conch, whist others were impromptu gatherings. The first meeting which was officially called by Ralph, using the conch for the first time, is found in chapter one. In this meeting, the boys choose Ralph as leader and he decides on a division into a group of hunters, led by Jack and the other boys, including the littl'uns. It is also decided to explore the place to determine whether it is an island or not. The second assembly is found in chapter 2. Here, Ralph provides feedback and informs the others that they are, indeed, on an island. It is also here that the rules for meetings are laid down: whoever has the conch is allowed to speak. They also speak about the availability of food and bathing water. Ralph also asks if anyone had found anything else and the first mention of a 'beastie' or 'snake thing' is made. many of the boys denounce its existence. Ralph speaks about the need for res...

Direct comparison test is applicable when `suma_n` and `sumb_n` are both positive series for all n such that `a_n<=b_n` If `sumb_n` converges ,then `suma_n` converges, If `suma_n` diverges, then `sumb_n` diverges. Given series is `sum_(n=2)^oo1/(sqrt(n)-1)` Let `b_n=1/(sqrt(n)-1)` and `a_n=1/sqrt(n)=1/n^(1/2)` `1/(sqrt(n)-1)>1/sqrt(n)>0` for `n>=2` `sum_(n=2)^oo1/n^(1/2)` is a p-series The p-series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n^p` , is convergent if `p>1` and divergent if `0<p<=1` For the series `sum_(n=2)^oo1/n^(1/2)` p=`1/2<1` so it diverges as per the p-series test. Since the series `sum_(n=2)^oo1/sqrt(n)` diverges, so the series `sum_(n=2)^oo1/(sqrt(n)-1)` diverges as well by the direct comparison test.

Maggie and her mother use family heirlooms for their practical purposes as well as the for the connection they feel to their ancestors. Dee (Wangero), on the other hand, wants some of these items for purely aesthetic purposes. Dee might actually think she is paying homage to her ancestors in this way, but her intent to display these items as cultural artifacts seems quite superficial. When she asks for the butter churn, she intends to use it as a centerpiece rather than as a tool for making butter. And, of course, Dee wants the quilts for display purposes as well. She wants to display her family's heritage like an explorer who has returned with items from a more "primitive" culture, showing these items like trophies. There is something superficial and even mocking in this gesture. When Dee emerges from the car and starts taking pictures, she is doing the same thing. She wants to document her family's quaint, primitive way of life to show the pictures to her more ...

Oroonoko is a stronger example of an enlightened individual. He is the noble savage: an exemplary, idealized character with qualities of a true king. As a noble savage, he is born both intelligent and innocent. He looks on other people without hate and has a courageous if gentle and forgiving nature. His focus is often on the higher virtues in life: for example, he is able to forgive the captain who enslaves him because "it is worth my suffering to gain such a true knowledge both of you and your gods by whom you swear."  The other slaves on the plantation greet him as a king when he arrives. He has the compassion and empathy to worry about his son being born a slave and the courage to lead a slave revolt. He does kill his wife, but he does so to save her from rape and humiliation, and does so with her consent. In his almost supernatural capacity to face his own cruel death at the hands of his slave owner with dignity and grace, and to inspire others, he reminds one of a later...

Overall, rocks are classified into one of three types: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous rocks come from molten magma. Since the Hawaiian islands formed through volcanic eruption, it makes sense that igneous rocks are the most common rocks forming the Hawaiian island chain. Of course, there are a variety of types of igneous rock grouped together by their mineral compositions (and texture). Different environments of crystallization and magma chemistries result in Mafic, Ultramafic, and Felsic Rocks. The most common type of igneous rock making up the Hawaiian island chain is Mafic rock. Furthermore, the most common type of Mafic rock is basalt. Igneous > Mafic > Basalt There are a variety of other volcanic rocks in the Hawaiian island chain, which are covered in detail (with pictures) on the included page.

In “Two Kinds” by Amy Tan, Jing-Mei carries several burdens. As a child, she internalizes her mother’s sadness about losing her twin daughters and husband in her native China. She tries to please her mother by acquiescing to her belief Jing-Mei can be a child prodigy. When, after a disastrous piano recital, this dream does not become a reality, the daughter argues with her mother, creating a rift in their relationship.  Jing-Mei lives with the aftermath of that argument, and becomes a rebellious, self-centered daughter.  During her school years, she is a mediocre student and forges her own identity despite her mother’s feelings. She carries the feelings with her even after her mother’s death until she resolves her inner conflict while playing the piano that was integral to her perceived failure as a daughter.

Indefinite integral are written in the form of `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`  where: `f(x)` as the integrand           `F(x)` as the anti-derivative function of `f(x)`           `C `  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration To determine the indefinite integral of `int (x^3+x+1)/(x^4+2x^2+1) dx` , we apply partial fraction decomposition to expand the integrand: `f(x)=(x^3+x+1)/(x^4+2x^2+1)` . The pattern on setting up partial fractions will depend on the factors  of the denominator. For the given problem,  the denominator is in a similar form of perfect squares trinomial:  `x^2+2xy+y^2= (x+y)^2` Applying the special factoring on `(x^4+2x^2+1)` , we get: `(x^4+2x+1)= (x^2+1)^2` . For the repeated quadratic factor `(x^2+1)^2` , we will have partial fraction: `(Ax+B)/(x^2+1) +(Cx+D)/(x^2+1)^2` . The integrand becomes: `(x^3+x+1)/(x^4+2x^2+1)=(Ax+B)/(x^2+1) +(Cx+D)/(x^2+1)^2` Multiply both sides by the `LCD =(x^2+1)^2` : `((x^3+x+1)/(x^4+2x^2+1)) *(x^2+1)^2=((Ax+B)/(x^2+1) +(Cx...

Three characters come to mind as challenging society: Jem, Tom, and Atticus. First, Jem is at the mercy of the society he was born into. He didn't create the prejudiced mindset that infects the whole South; yet, there he is facing the raw side of it when his father decides to defend a black man in court. As a result, neighbors such as Mrs. Dubose take out their disapproval for Atticus's decision on Jem. Atticus tells Jem to keep his head and not let an old woman get his goat. Jem is required to hold his tongue and act like a gentleman at all costs. But once Mrs. Dubose calls Atticus too many names, and then brings up his deceased mother, Jem retaliates. Scout explains why Jem challenges society as follows: "In later years, I sometimes wondered exactly what made Jem do it, what made him break the bonds of 'You just be a gentleman, son,' and the phase of self-conscious rectitude he had recently entered. Jem had probably stood as much guff about Atticus lawing for ni*...

First, the genres of the two works are quite different. The Bronze Bow is a novel, a fictional work written as a form of entertainment for young adults. The New Testament is a religious document, gradually composed over a period of several decades from oral traditions. While  The Bronze Bow has a single narrator and viewpoint and a consistent story, the New Testament consists of four different Gospels and various other letters and narratives that collect together an assortment of narratives and sayings, chosen for making spiritual points rather than creating a coherent and compelling work of literature.  The main antagonists in  The Bronze Bow are the Romans. This is a story that focuses on how best the Jews can live under Roman rule, using sentimental portrayal of a young Jewish man to make the argument that following Jesus is a better choice than direct rebellion. The New Testament is not strongly anti-Roman. In many ways the Jews are as much the antagonists as the Romans, who ten...

Voting began early in the British colonies.  Settlers in both Jamestown and Plymouth Colony voted on various local issues.  Most of the settlers were white men, and they were the only ones allowed to vote. As the colonies became more established, voting continued.  Men voted for legislators to serve in local assemblies.  The colonies were still ruled by England until the end of the Revolutionary War, so they participated by voting at the local level only. Both in the Thirteen English Colonies and in the early United States of America, very few people could vote.  In fact, the only people who were allowed to vote were white men who owned land and were over the age of 21.  This excluded women, African Americans, younger men, and white older men who were not landowners.

Ichabod Crane is the schoolmaster for the children in the vicinity of Sleepy Hollow. Sometimes he is referred to as a "pedagogue," which is just a fancy way of saying "teacher." He presides over the one-room schoolhouse where he runs a tight ship. Someone listening outside the schoolhouse would hear Crane's menacing or commanding voice as he taught or might hear the "birch" being applied to the body of a non-compliant student. Crane is not averse to using the rod on his pupils, following that old proverb, "Spare the rod and spoil the child." However, he is not overly mean to his charges; he befriends some of the older boys, especially if they have good-looking older sisters. He ingratiates himself with the parents of the schoolchildren so that he will be invited to dinner, thereby saving himself the expense of having to purchase his own food. Crane's other source of income is providing singing lessons for the community. He gives group cho...

Edwards uses many rhetorical devices in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" to convince his listeners to repent and join the Great Awakening. For example, he uses several figures of speech , including metaphors . In one example, he compares God's enemies to "Heaps of light Chaff before the Whirlwind; or large Quantities of dry Stubble before devouring Flames." In other words, God's enemies are as weak and helpless as pieces of wheat before a large wind or dry tinder before a fire. Metaphors create visual images in his audience's mind and help emphasize his message.  Edwards also makes use of the  repetition of words and phrases to drive home his ideas. For example, he writes, "As he that walks in slippery Places is every Moment liable to fall; he can’t foresee one Moment whether he shall stand or fall the next; and when he does fall, he falls at once, without Warning." These lines repeat the word "fall" to emphasize that one who i...

Aristotle discusses this issue in his Politics . His first claim is that the polis is natural rather than conventional, meaning that human beings by their very nature are "political animals." He argues that the polis evolves out of more modest forms of natural associations, such as men and women associating for reproductive purposes and masters and "natural" slaves associating to combine the benefits of the intellect of the masters and the physical strength of the slaves. Humans also are drawn together for the purposes of trade and mutual defense. Because humans are not self-sufficient, they must gather in groups. The end purpose of the polis is human good or flourishing. Several of the activities of the state combine to promote this. On a practical level, the state allows for mutual defense against enemies, specialization of labor, trade, and shared projects such as irrigation and aqueducts. On a more complex level, the city provides education and a mechanism for c...

Alabama is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern region of the country.  The state is primarily inland, though a small portion of it lies along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to the south.  Alabama shares its borders with four other U.S. states.  To the south, Alabama shares a border with Florida.  To the east it borders Georgia, and to the west Mississippi.  To the north, Alabama shares a border with Tennessee.   The state of Alabama was established in 1819.  It was the 22nd U.S. state.  The capital city of Alabama is Montgomery.  During the Civil War, Alabama was part of the Confederate States of America.  Alabama was a slave state until the end of the Civil War. Agriculture has historically been the primary industry in the state, and it continues to be important today.  Today, manufacturing and mining are other important industries.

Counterfactual history is always hard, and professional historians try to stay away from wondering "what if." That said, it is fun to ponder what would happen if Lincoln was not elected.  It is entirely possible; after all, he only received 49% of the popular vote.  A Lincoln defeat would have left the Democrats in charge of the White House, and Stephen Douglas would not have wanted to alienate Congress by doing anything to end slavery.  The Lower South would not have seceded--this would have taken away the immediate cause of the war.   The next question now should be this:  how would America look in the era between 1861 and 1864?  The nation was already showing signs of strain:  John Brown's raid in 1859 and "Bleeding Kansas" already proved that people were ready to shed blood over slavery.  The Republicans would have had more power in 1864 as the North gained more immigrants than the South and would have probably won that election.  Lincoln was not even the pa...

The speaker of the poem "Richard Cory" is one of "we people on the pavement"; that is, the speaker is one of the common people who are citizens of the town in which Richard Cory dwells. Because the setting of this poem is during the time of the Depression of 1893, there is a great divide between the wealthy and the common people who "went without the meat, and cursed the bread" upon which they must subsist. Because of this divide, the townspeople perceive Richard Cory as completely unlike them, interpreting his politeness and being "always human" as merely the courteous gestures of the refined. Sadly, they do not realize that he is as forlorn as they, but in a spiritual, rather than a physical way. And, so, the people of the town are astonished when they learn that "one calm summer night," Richard Cory has "put a bullet through his head." Despite his wealth, his terrible isolation from others starves him; his starvation differ...

It is important to note what kind of communities developed in the Greek world before discussing the impact geography had. In Ancient Greece, small villages developed into large and powerful city-states. The various city-states considered themselves individual nations. At times, they worked together on the battlefield, and other times they fought one another. They also traded with each other and with colonies that they built throughout the Mediterranean Sea. Geography had a profound impact on why Greece developed this way. Greece is a rocky, mountainous land with little arable land. It is also surrounded by the warm waters of the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas. The lack of arable farmland, coupled with access to the seas, motivated the Greeks to establish colonies to provide food and relieve population pressures. The mountains acted as barriers between the different Greek cities.  As a result, the cities developed independently into city-states that were politically and cultural...

Given to solve, `int sqrt(4+x^2) dx` using the Trig Substitutions we can solve these type of integrals easily and the solution is as follows for `sqrt(a+bx^2) ` we can take `x= sqrt(a/b) tan(u)` so ,For `int sqrt(4+x^2) dx` the` x= sqrt(4/1)tan(u)= 2tan(u)` => `dx= 2sec^(2) (u) du` so, `int sqrt(4+x^2) dx` = `int sqrt(4+(2tan(u))^2) (2sec^(2) (u) du)` = `int sqrt(4+4(tan(u))^2) (2sec^(2) (u) du)` =`int sqrt(4(1+(tan(u))^2)) (2sec^(2) (u) du)` = `int 2sqrt(1+tan^2(u))(2sec^(2) (u) du)` = `int 2sec(u)(2sec^(2) (u) du)` = `int 4sec^(3) (u) du` `= 4int sec^(3) (u) du` by applying the Integral Reduction `int sec^(n) (x) dx` `= (sec^(n-1) (x) sin(x))/(n-1) + ((n-2)/(n-1)) int sec^(n-2) (x) dx` so , `4int sec^(3) (u) du` = `4[(sec^(3-1) (u) sin(u))/(3-1) + ((3-2)/(3-1)) int sec^(3-2) (u)du]` = `4[(sec^(2) (u) sin(u))/(2) + ((1)/(2)) int sec (u)du]` =`4[(sec^(2) (u) sin(u))/(2) + (1/2) (ln(tan(u)+sec(u)))]` but` x= 2tan(u)` =>` x/2 = tan(u)` `u = tan^(-1) (x/2)` so, `4[(sec^(2) (u) sin(u...

Given equation is `y'+xy=xy^(-1)` An equation of the form `y'+Py=Qy^n` is called as the Bernoulli equation . so, to proceed to solve this equation we have to transform the equation into a linear equation form of first order as follows =>` y' (y^-n) +P y^(1-n)=Q` let `u= y^(1-n)` => `(1-n)y^(-n)y'=u'` => `y^(-n)y' = (u')/(1-n)` so , `y' (y^-n) +P y^(1-n)=Q` => `(u')/(1-n) +P u =Q ` so this equation is now of the linear form of first order Now, From this equation , `y'+xy=xy^(-1)` and `y'+Py=Qy^n` on comparing we get `P=x , Q=x , n=-1` so the linear form of first order of the equation `y'+xy=xy^(-1) ` is given as => `(u')/(1-n) +P u =Q ` where` u= y^(1-n) =y^2 ` => `(u')/(1-(-1)) +(x)u =x` => `(u')/2 +xu=x` => `u'+2xu = 2x` so this linear equation is of the form `u' + pu=q` `p=2x , q=2x` so I.F (integrating factor ) = `e^(int p dx) = e^(int 2x dx) = e^2(x^2)/2 = e^(x^2)` and the general solution i...

Macbeth’s first meeting with the witches sets him up for his “triumph” of becoming the king of Scotland. It gives him the impetus to take action, murdering Duncan, as well as Banquo. The prophecy was specific to the outcome, but says nothing about the method. Macbeth decides he must himself take charge of the method, not trusting to fate to lead him to his destiny unaided. The second meeting, however, is misleading. Each prophecy is interpreted by Macbeth as a guarantee that he cannot fail, when in fact it foretells his destruction. Macbeth cannot be killed by anyone born of woman. Macbeth does not understand the witches’ definition of “born” as a natural birth. Macduff was born, but it was not a natural birth but a caesarean section. He will never be vanquished until Great Birnam Wood marches to Dunsinane Hill. Macbeth takes this literally and completely ignores the word “until.” When Macduff’s forces use tree branches to hide their movements, it seems that the woods are marching. The...

Toward the end of Act III, most notably at the banquet scene, we can see that Macbeth is once again tormented by his guilty conscience when he believes he has seen the ghost of Banquo. We know Macbeth has previously ordered the assassination of Banquo and Fleance, Banquo's son. Macbeth cannot escape from his guilt, which manifests itself in his visions and hallucinations. When the guests realize Macbeth is being irrational, they are appalled. Lady Macbeth attempts to pacify the worried guests. Macbeth is unable to compose himself, and the guests are urged to leave. Although Macbeth seems confident and powerful on the outside, he cannot control his guilt-ridden conscience, which makes him vulnerable on the inside. He knows he took the throne illegally, so he is obsessed with protecting his position as the king of Scotland at any cost. Macbeth is not as close to his wife as he was at the beginning of the play. He no longer tells Lady Macbeth about all his plans and ambitions. She bec...

Prospero used magic to bring the mariners to the island. To explain that in a bit more detail, Shakespeare's play begins with a ship facing a storm, the "tempest" that gives the play its title. The storm is so intense that the sailors are afraid it will sink or destroy the ship. In fact, there's a tremendous sound in Act I, Scene 1, which makes the sailors think they really are about to die. This was all orchestrated by Prospero, who sent Ariel, a spirit in his service, to shape the storm. Ariel made the wind, lightning, and thunder. Ariel also made sure everyone made it to the island safely, so you could say the combination of Prospero's magic, his desire for revenge, and his sense of responsibility brought the sailors to the island.

The biopsychosocial effects of the challenge on Spurlock: Before the fast food challenge, Spurlock was a relatively healthy man; standing at 6 feet 2, he weighed about 180 pounds. According to the challenge, he had to consume exclusively McDonald's food for a month (30 days). He was allowed three meals a day, and he had to accept super-sized portions if he was offered the choice to do so. Spurlock also had to ingest each item on the McDonald's menu at least once during his challenge. After about five days, Spurlock had gained ten pounds. Not long after, he found himself suffering from persistent lethargy, headaches, and depressive episodes. After twenty-one days, Spurlock experienced heart palpitations; throughout the challenge, Spurlock found his sex drive severely diminished and his energy levels horribly depleted. Additionally, his liver was very damaged by his month-long experiment. As the challenge wore on, he became irritable but found himself craving McDonald's food ...

Allendale is the fictional name given to the city where the automated house—the main character of Ray Bradbury's short story "There Will Come Soft Rains"—is located. The house reveals the name of the city in its morning announcements, which seem to fall on deaf ears because no human characters are present. Despite the absence of humans, the house carries out its duties, including making breakfast and then launching into a daily cleaning routine. Eventually, the reader discovers the human characters have been killed in an atomic bomb blast which, miraculously, has spared this one dwelling: The house stood alone in a city of rubble and ashes. This was the one house left standing. At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles. Allendale has been the victim of a nuclear attack. Bradbury first published the story in 1950, five years after the end of World War II and the bomb blasts which destroyed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasa...

The Game of Catch in Baseball Literature Catch is an important device in baseball literature that is often used to illustrate the importance of strong relationships between fathers and sons. This simple activity is a wholesome representation of America's favorite pastime, and it is a common bonding activity between fathers and sons throughout the genre. While Ray's relationship with his father ended painfully with his death, baseball was the one thing that had always united them. Although Ray is hesitant when he is first reunited with his father, a simple game of baseball at the end of the story serves as a metaphor for the restoration of their relationship to its former state.  Ray's Relationship with His Father The relationship between Ray and his father is a central dynamic in the novel. Ray developed his love of baseball because of his father, who was a catcher for the White Sox. Shoeless Joe was his father's hero, and his belief in the disgraced player's innoc...

This is a very broad question, so I'll give a few examples related to symbolism, point of view, and stream-of-consciousness narration. Point of view The Catcher in the Rye  is told in first-person point of view from the perspective of Holden Caulfield, the story's primary character. Holden tells the story a few months after the events take place, and he seems to be in a hospital. This is shown early in the first chapter when Holden says, I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy. Additionally, Holden often slips into  stream-of-consciousness narration , a technique in which a character's thoughts flow uninterrupted. An example of this occurs when he talks about his brother Allie's baseball mitt. After explaining his brother wrote poetry on his baseball mitt so "he'd have something to read when he was in the field and nobody was up to bat,...

In my opinion, both Cassius and Brutus addressed the mob and explained the situation reasonably well. The First Citizen was satisfied with Brutus’ explanation, and the Second Citizen shared the same position after listening to Cassius. They were all in agreement that, although Caesar’s death was necessary, he should be honored by the people for his deeds. SECOND CITIZEN: Give him a statue with his ancestors. FIRST CITIZEN: We'll bring him to his house with shouts and clamors. However, Brutus’ and Cassius’ progress at pacification was cut short when Marc Antony took to the platform. In his speech, Antony presented strong examples that showed Caesar was not ambitious, and he did not deserve to die. In addition, he affirmed Caesar’s love for the people by reading his will which left a significant portion of his property to the masses. His speech completely diluted both Brutus’ and Cassius’ attempts at settling the public. By the time Antony was done, all citizens in attendance were co...

The title of John Steinbeck's East of Eden is an allusion to the Book of Genesis in the Bible. Genesis begins with the creation of the world and Adam and Eve's life in the Garden of Eden, a paradise of bliss and innocence. As you're no doubt aware, Adam and Eve sin and are thrown out of the garden. Following this experience, Eve gives birth to two sons, Cain and Abel, and Cain eventually murders Abel out of jealousy. By making an explicit allusion to this classic Bible story, Steinbeck deliberately signals that he's going to parallel it. Adam and Cathy (later Kate) parallel Adam and Eve in some ways (often with a twist, especially in Cathy's case), while their sons, Cal and Aron, closely resemble Cain and Abel (also with a twist). Thus, Steinbeck turns his novel of the Trask family into an epic saga with moral and philosophical weight similar to the Bible's. Since the title of the book and the Biblical allusion in it is essential to signaling this intention, the...

Huck knows the two men are frauds because they are running away, but he doesn’t want to make trouble so he goes along with it. Huck knows a king or a duke would be gaudily dressed and full of style. The king and the duke he meets are nothing like that. They are miscreants trying to get away with something. Huck doesn’t mind con artists, though, because he wants to help anyone who is in trouble. It didn't take me long to make up my mind that these liars warn't no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds. But I never said nothing, never let on; kept it to myself; it's the best way; then you don't have no quarrels, and don't get into no trouble (Chapter 19). The duke and the king are definitely trouble. These con artists put on performances to make money. Huck and Jim participate, but they are not happy about defrauding people. Both have more of a conscience than the king and the duke. Them rapscallions took in four hundred and sixty-five dollars in...

The winter of 1620-1621 was a very disturbing time for the Pilgrims at Plymouth. It can be said that nothing sustained the Pilgrims during this time because a majority of them died from illness during what has been dubbed the "starving time." Pilgrims that survived this winter did so by chance and through their powerful faith in their destiny and their God. In the spring, the natives in the area made contact with the Pilgrims. Having been decimated by a deadly plague themselves, the Native Americans came in peace. One of them, the last surviving member of the Patuxet, was extremely helpful to the survival of the Plymouth Colony. Having been abducted and brought to Spain, Squanto escaped and was hired by an English company, where he learned to speak the language. He returned to the area of New England in 1618. After meeting the Pilgrims, he taught them how to sustain themselves with agriculture (corn) and fishing. He showed them the lay of the land and acted as a mediator betw...

In Chapter 4, the children decide to role play Boo Radley's life story in a game they title "One Man's Family." Scout is reluctant to participate because she believes that Boo Radley will see them playing and sneak out at night to attack them. Jem dismisses Scout's concerns and tells his sister that nothing will happen because Boo Radley is dead. Scout eventually agrees to act out the role of various women in the play because she knows that Calpurnia and Jem will be around in the daytime, and her father will be home at night. Scout comments, "Jem was a born hero" (Lee 25). Scout believes that Jem will protect her from the "malevolent phantom" if he ever decides to attack. She is confident in her older brother and believes that Jem is brave for acting out Boo Radley's life story in broad daylight. She also mentions that Jem has amazing acting abilities and can play the role of various characters. During Boo's big scene, Jem pretended t...

Dee has assumed an African-style dress and name as well as natural hair because she has become concerned with her heritage.  Of her new name, she tells Mama, "'I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.'"  Mama reminds her that she was named after her Aunt Dicie, who was named after her mother, who was named after her mother, but she cannot trace the name back further than the Civil War.  This seems to confirm, to Dee, that the name had something to do with slavery and thus not her real heritage or something worth preserving (despite the fact that several strong women in her family have had the name).  Thus, she seems to miss the point that her name is a mark of her heritage. Dee does not think of heritage of something that one makes use of everyday; it is something to be preserved, not used.  It's as if Dee wants to prove that she has a certain kind of authenticity, and so she wants her grandmother's butter dish, the churn t...

`sum_(n=1)^oo(1/n-1/(n+2))` `S_n=(1/1-1/(1+2))+(1/2-1/(2+2))+(1/3-1/(3+2))+..........+(1/(n-1)-1/(n+1))+(1/n-1/(n+2))` `S_n=(1-1/3)+(1/2-1/4)+(1/3-1/5)+.......+(1/(n-1)-1/(n+1))+(1/n-1/(n+2))` This sum is a telescoping series, `S_n=(1+1/2-1/(n+1)-1/(n+2))` `sum_(n=1)^oo(1/n-1/(n+2))=lim_(n->oo)S_n` `=lim_(n->oo)(1+1/2-1/(n+1)-1/(n+2))` `=(1+1/2)` `=3/2` So the series converges.

Tom and Daisy Buchanan are husband and wife. They have been married for a few years, have a daughter named Pamela, and are incredibly rich. Tom inherited his fortune. He also has frequent extramarital affairs, of which Daisy is aware. In fact, the day before her wedding, she got very drunk and told her friend, Jordan, that she didn't want to marry Tom. She doesn't seem to love him anymore, though he claims to love her still. Tom's most recent affair is with Myrtle Wilson. She is married to George Wilson, the owner of a garage and gas station in the valley of ashes, but Myrtle considers George beneath her. She aspires to become Tom's wife, failing to realize he never considers her his equal; he strikes her in the face just for speaking his wife, Daisy's, name. Myrtle enjoys the status that being Tom's mistress seems to confer upon her among the people who are aware of their dalliance.   After years of Tom cheating on her, when Daisy is reunited with Gatsby, she s...

The answer to this question is a matter of perspective. The Cold War came about due to the rivalry that emerged between the United States and the Soviet Union in the immediate aftermath of World War II. The biggest issue involved postwar Europe. When the Soviet Union essentially set up Soviet-style communist regimes in Eastern Europe, beginning with Poland, the United States saw it as aggression on par with that perpetrated by Adolf Hitler leading up to World War II. From a Soviet perspective, however, it was a necessary move to establish a buffer zone between the Russian frontier and Western Europe, especially Germany. The Soviets had suffered over 27 million deaths during World War II, and they wanted to secure their borders. Similarly, the Soviets viewed American attempts to establish a pro-western government in Germany, as well as the flooding of Western Europe with American loans and economic assistance as capitalist aggression, and feared they ultimately wanted to destabilize the...

The Navigation Acts refers to many different laws regarding trade with foreign merchants.  These laws were made by the British to prevent trade by nearby countries and to promote exclusivity.  The Navigation Acts were passed in the middle of the 17th century, and they were not reversed until the 19th century.  Those living in the Thirteen British Colonies were prohibited from trading with Dutch, French, or Spanish merchants according to the laws. In 1764, the Sugar Act was passed.  It was passed to enforce a tax on molasses.  It also required that some goods could only be sold to Britain.  The economy was weak in the Thirteen Colonies at the time, and the Sugar Act caused feelings of unrest.  Many colonists disagreed with the law.  Colonists who would later become Patriots were vocal protestors of the Sugar Act.   The Sugar Act most directly impacted merchants and those who were traders on ships.  Many loyalists who worked in these industries disagreed with the Sugar Act.  Though they ...

After Montag witnesses a woman commit suicide by refusing to leave her books while the firemen burn her alive, he begins to question his occupation and has serious thoughts about quitting his job. However, Mildred doesn't understand the traumatic event that Montag has just witnessed and urges him to go to work. Montag tells Mildred that there must be something in those books that make a person stay inside a burning house. He proceeds to tell his wife that for the first time he realized that a man was behind each of the books that he burned. Montag says, " It took some man a lifetime maybe to put some of his thoughts down, looking around at the world and life and then I come along in two minutes and boom! it's all over " (Bradbury 49). Montag has become increasingly unhappy with his meaningless life and has begun to look at the world differently. Witnessing the woman commit suicide with her books has forced Montag to deeply examine his occupation. Montag feels guilty ...

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As is true with all the Sherlock Holmes stories, the narrator is Holmes's close friend, Dr. John Watson. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle established the premise that Watson assisted Holmes with his cases and then wrote narratives detailing the problem and its solution. In "The Red Headed League," Holmes addresses Watson immediately. The first person narration indicates Watson is telling the story and Holmes is speaking to him.  'I had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day in the autumn of last year, and found him in deep conversation with a very stout, florid-faced elderly gentleman, with fiery red hair..."You could not possibly have come at a better time, my dear Watson," he said, cordially.' If you read more of the Sherlock Holmes series, you will discover that Holmes is not always pleased with the way Watson writes the narratives of his cases. Holmes prefers a clear, logical explanation, focusing on the facts and the conclusions deduced from them...

Sarny is the protagonist in Nightjohn by Gary Paulsen. She is a twelve-year-old slave who has higher aspirations for herself. Her mother is sold, leaving her motherless. There is a misconception that she is not a bright child because her speech is impacted by a birth defect which is referred to in the book as "a stuck tongue.” Some even believe she is a witch. In reality, she is a very introspective, smart child. Nightjohn, a former slave, returns to the South, and when he gives her the opportunity, she easily learns to read and write, proving her intelligence.  As a slave, Sarny’s literacy sets her up for problems, but she is determined, showing perseverance in the face of adversity. Despite the dangers, she helps Nightjohn as he educates other slaves because she is adamant that literacy is the key to a better life for those who were enslaved.