Notes

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved the railroad industry. It specifically involved the Union Pacific Railroad Company. The Union Pacific was building railroads. This company created a construction company called the Credit Mobilier Company.  Many Congressmen received stock in this construction company. The Credit Mobilier Company charged very high rates to build the railroads. These construction rates were very inflated. This allowed the stockholders to make a great deal of money. When word of this scandal broke, people weren’t happy that some Congressmen set up a scheme that would allow them to make huge profits. Two members of the House of Representatives were eventually censured for their role in the scandal. While some railroad companies weren’t honest and were only concerned about making profits, James Hill, who ran the Great Northern, showed that a railroad company could make money without receiving any government help. 

Hello! I think we ignore air resistance. In that case, free fall is a uniformly accelerated motion. The constant acceleration is `g=9.8 m/s^2.` Therefore the speed changes with time as `V(t)=V_0+g t,` where `V_0` is the initial speed (downwards). In our problem the initial speed is probably zero, so `V=g t.` Denote the final speed as `V_1,` then the time of the falling was `t_1=V_1/(g) = 90/9.8 approx 9.2 (s).` The formula for the height is `H(t)=H_0-V_0 t -(g t^2)/2,` where `H_0` is the initial height. So `H(t_1)=0=H_0-(g t_1^2)/2 = V_1^2/(2g)` and from this we obtain `H_0=(V_1^2)/(2g) approx 413 (m).` This is the answer. Another approach uses energy conservation: `mgH_0=(mV_1^2)/2,` so `H_0=(V_1^2)/(2g)` also.

Hawthorne’s story is a kind of fable, which means that it is short tale that is meant to impart a moral message. Fables in general share many of the formal qualities you mention. I can’t say which one would be the best one to choose for an answer, and to me many of these elements are closely related. “Economy” has to do with the efficiency with which the story is told. I would say that the story is “efficient” in that it does not dwell excessively on the back stories of the characters or needless complications of plot. We know only a little about Aylmer and Georgiana – he is a famous scientist, she a beautiful woman with a disfiguring birthmark – but what we know is enough to move the story on to its conclusion. The idea of “simplicity” is connected, but not exactly the same. Few modern readers would call Hawthorne’s style “simple,” and it’s easy to see how his language could be simplified (“The Birthmark” is a story that often is “translated” into simpler language for young readers). ...

Why: A bipolar transistor is an electronic device that has three terminals called emitter, base and collector. Usually the emitter is employed for signal input; in the collector we get the amplified input signal and the base serves to control the amplitude of the signal between the emitter and the collector. In these circumstances, by changing the polarization of the base, it is possible to control the passage of current from the emitter to the collector so that we can get two limits states for the current between the input and the output. These states are the “conduction,” which is equivalent to a closed switch (the amplitude of the signal is maximum), and the “cut,” which is equivalent to an open switch (the amplitude of the signal is equal to zero). How: For an NPN transistor with direct polarization, that is, with emitter connected to the negative terminal and the collector to the positive terminal, if the base is connected to positive terminal the transistor is saturated and enter...

Ferdinand Toennies was a German sociologist who coined the terms gemeinschaft and gesellschaft to describe the socialization patterns in rural and urban areas respectively. With gemeinschaft people have close personal ties to each other and are governed largely by tradition. Thus in a rural village everyone knows everyone else and there is a sense of kinship in the community. The word gemeinschaft is actually German for community. In the deep south in the USA people have a strong religious background and all members of the community belong to the community church. Thus with gemeinschaft there is a high degree of social cohesion. With gesellschaft - the kind of social organization seen in more complex societies, communication is largely impersonal and people often lack a sense of belonging or identity and are often isolated and lonely.

Direct comparison test is applicable when `suma_n` and `sumb_n` are both positive series for all n , such that `a_n<=b_n` . It follows that: If `sumb_n` converges then `suma_n` converges If `suma_n` diverges then `sumb_n` diverges. `sum_(n=0)^ooe^(-n^2)=sum_(n=0)^oo1/e^(n^2)` Let `a_n=1/e^(n^2)` and `b_n=1/e^n=(1/e)^n` `1/e^n>=1/e^(n^2)>0` `sum_(n=0)^oo(1/e)^n` is a geometric series with ratio r=`1/e<1`   If `|r|<1` then the geometric series converges. Thus, by comparing the series `sum_(n=0)^ooe^(-n^2)` with the convergent geometric series `sum_(n=0)^oo(1/e)^n` , it converges. 

Decomposers break down the remains of dead plants, animals, and other organisms. Microbes and fungi are examples of decomposers. The oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle refers to how organisms metabolize oxygen and release carbon dioxide, while other organisms metabolize carbon dioxide and release oxygen. In terms of this cycle, the decomposers metabolize oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide, along with other matter broken down by decomposers (such as nitrogen), is stored in the ground on both land and sea. This provides nutrients to the primary producers. Examples of primary producers are plants and microbes capable of photosynthesis (such as cyanobacteria). The primary producers then use these nutrients to fuel photosynthesis, which provides oxygen for the consumers. When both the producers and consumers die, the decomposers break down their remains and the cycle begins anew.

Marbury v. Madison was significant because with its decision in the case, the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review. The case stemmed from newly-elected President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to allow his Secretary of State James Madison to deliver commissions for a number of lower-level judicial appointments made by outgoing President John Adams. One of the appointees, William Marbury, challenged Jefferson, claiming that the Judiciary Act empowered (required, even) the Supreme Court to issue a legal writ called a mandamus that would force the President and his Secretary to deliver up the commissions. The Supreme Court, headed by Jefferson's political adversary John Marshall, ruled that this part of the Judiciary Act was in fact unconstitutional. The case was very complex, and not in and of itself all that consequential, but the precedent established by Marshall--that the Court might rule a law passed by Congress unconstitutional--was a very significant one....

In Kurt Vonnegut's story Harrison Bergeron , the U.S. government in 2081 enforces full equality by "handicapping" everyone who possesses physical strength, intelligence, talent, beauty, or any other exceptional traits. Every person is reduced to the level of the least talented person so that it is impossible for anyone to be any better than anyone else. For example, Harrison's father George has a handicap in his ears to restrict his natural intelligence; it emits loud and unpleasant noises to interrupt his train of thought regularly, so that he is incapable of accessing his intelligence. His mother Hazel, on the other hand, is of "average" intelligence, so she is naturally only capable of focusing and thinking very briefly. George and Hazel, while they have very different levels of intelligence, are made equal in their ability to think by the government-mandated restrictions placed upon George.

The answer to this question depends entirely on how you choose to define "literature." One popular concept is that literature is a written work of considerable merit. In other words, the writing is great and the message is powerful enough to be timeless. However, another definition of literature is less specific. This definition refers to literature simply as "written work that tells a story." The timelessness and quality of writing does not determine whether or not a book is "literature" by this definition. I will give you answers to your question under both definitions of literature. First definition (literature must have merit and be timeless): A popular culture book that could be considered "literature" would be  Life of Pi  by Yann Martel. Published in 2001, this book is widely read and addresses the concepts of hope in the face of death, religion, and the bonds between man and animal. It is excellently written and will be read for many year...

William Blake's poetry spans a wide variety of ideas and themes, so it's hard to say objectively how he shows  all  of these (doing so would require many volumes of print). I can, however, describe generally how Blake constructs the central idea in his poetry of  The Songs of Innocence and Experience .  In these poems, Blake explores the differences between how one perceives the world in a youthful state (innocence) and how one perceives the world in a state of maturity (experience). He primarily does so by offering contrasting poems that deal with the same subject, albeit with differing perspectives. For instance, Blake wrote two poems titled "The Chimney Sweeper." Both describe chimney sweepers, but one views the occupation from a youthful, idealistic viewpoint, while the other views it from a more cynical perspective that takes into account the oppressive forces that drive children to such an occupation. By exploring the world around him with such contrasting persp...

In 1900, William Jennings Bryan received the Democratic nomination for president. In his acceptance speech, he rejected imperialistic foreign policy. While discussing the Philippines, he satirically stated that "we dare not educate" the Filipinos. He was not degrading the Filipinos, as this quotation might suggest, but actually arguing for their self-determination. One imperialistic argument for maintaining an American presence in the Philippines was that the Americans could bring them better education. Bryan snarkily replied that the Americans had better not educate the Filipinos, because they might accidentally teach them about the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Learning about these American founding documents, Bryan attested, would show the Filipinos that the Americans were hypocrites for resisting England's colonialism in the 18th century, but imposing the same imperialistic system upon the Philippines in the 20th. In this way, Bryan was warning the...

Indefinite integral are written in the form of `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`  where: `f(x) ` as the integrand            `F(x) ` as the anti-derivative function             `C`  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration The evaluate the given integral problem: `int cos(theta)/(3+2sin(theta)+sin^2(theta)) d theta` , we may apply u-substitution by letting: `u =sin(theta)` then `du = cos(x) dx` . Plug-in `u =sin(theta)` then `du = cos(x) dx` , the integral becomes: `int cos(theta)/(3+2sin(theta)+sin^2(theta)) d theta =int (cos(theta) d theta)/(3+2sin(theta)+sin^2(theta))` `=int (du)/(3+2u+u^2) orint (du)/(u^2+2u+3)` It resembles a formula from table of integrals: `int 1/(ax^2+bx+c) dx = 2/sqrt(4ac-b^2)arctan((2ax+b)/sqrt(4ac-b^2)) +C` By comparing `ax^2+bx+c` with `u^2+2u+3` , we have: `a=1` , `b =2`and `c=3` . Plug-in the values on the integral formula, we get: `int (du)/(u^2+2u+3) =2/sqrt(4(1)(3)-(2)^2)arctan((2(1)u+2)/sqrt(4(1)(3)-(2)^2)) +C` `=2/sqrt(12-4)arctan((2u+2)/sqrt...

In Chapter Five of  Animal Farm , the pigs undergo major changes in both character and behaviour. There are a number of descriptive words which can be used to illustrate these important changes.  First of all, Snowball's plan to build a windmill demonstrates  creativity . Using only three books from the farmhouse, Snowball teaches himself the mechanical aspects of constructing a windmill and envisions a utopian future for Animal Farm.  The pigs, however, are  divided  on the subject of the windmill. Napoleon, in particular, is staunchly opposed to its construction and he reacts with  violence  when Snowball's plans are warmly received by the other animals. He sets his guard dogs on Snowball, for example, and runs him off the farm. In the aftermath of this attack, Napoleon becomes increasingly  authoritarian : he puts an end to the "Sunday-morning meetings" in which all matters of the farm are democratically decided. From now on, he says, all matters will be decided in...

For me,  Bud, Not Buddy helps me better understand the Great Depression because Bud is a kid.  Most of times that I have read about the Great Depression, it has been in a textbook.  The textbook gives a bunch of cold facts and fills the pages with pictures of adults.  I suppose a part of me never considered the time period impacting children and families.  Currently, I am a father of three children under the age of eight.  Reading about the poverty surrounding Bud really made me consider the impact that the time period had on families and their children.  It really felt unfair that kids were so impacted, because they didn't cause the problem, and they couldn't do anything to solve it either. It was difficult to read the parts of the book where Bud talked about it being better on the road and in the shanty villages than it was back in the Home because of the sheer number of children that the orphanage wasn't able to provide for.   Going back to the Home was out, it used to ...

In Langston Hughes' short story "Thank You M'am," a teen boy named Roger attempts to steal the purse of a large lady named Mrs. Jones. Roger claims that he is stealing the purse because he would like to buy some "blue suede shoes." Like most teens, Roger is obviously very much aware of how he appears to the world and wearing such trendy shoes would make him seem worldly and important rather than poor and insignificant. His unsuccessful attempt at stealing the purse leads to the unforeseen events which follow. Instead of hauling him off to the police, Mrs. Jones drags Roger to her modest apartment, insisting that he wash his face. When they get inside the "large kitchenette furnished room" Mrs. Jones leaves the door open while pointing to the sink where the boy can wash. The boy quickly contemplates his choices: "Roger looked at the door—looked at the woman—looked at the door— and went to the sink ." For possibly the first time in his life...

Marlow's most interesting personality trait, what the plot of this play hinges on, is his shyness and lack of confidence around women of his own class and a sharply contrasting boldness and lack of painful self-consciousness around lower class people, men and women. Because she learns that Marlow can relate to women of the lower classes in a way he can't to upper-class women, Kate Hardwick pretends to be a barmaid so he will woo her. Many have said that Goldsmith shared with Marlow the trait of being socially inept around the upper classes. "His conversational mishaps were memorable things," says the Encyclopedia Britannica, noting the contrast between his "fluency" in writing and the way this fluency "deserted" him in polite society. However,  Goldsmith, like Marlow, could be a wild man when he felt comfortable, similar to the rude Marlow who offends Mr. Hardwick because he thinks Kate's father is an innkeeper. 

The correct answer to this question is Option D.  We know that this is the correct answer because we know that an increase in demand will, ceteris paribus, lead to an increase in the price of a good or service. If you follow the link below, you will find an interactive graph that shows what happens in a market when demand increases.  When demand increases, the demand curve moves to the right.  Assuming that supply does not also change, this leads to a higher price for the good or service in question.  In this question, we have an increase in the demand for labor.  There is more competition for workers.  Assuming that the supply of workers does not change, this will lead to an increase in the price of labor.  Companies will have to raise the wages that they are willing to pay because, if they do not, they will not be able to attract or retain the best workers.  The best workers will go work for companies that pay more money.  For this reason, Option D is the correct answer.

We are asked to prove that `2^n<n! ` using mathematical induction. Note that this is only true for `n>=4 ` . (1) Base case: If n=4 we have ` 2^4=16<24=4!` (2) Inductive hypothesis: Assume there exists a k>4 such that `2^k<k! ` . We will show that for such a k, `2^(k+1)<(k+1)! ` . (3) Since k>4 we have: `2^(k+1)=2*2^k<2*k! ` by the inductive hypothesis and a property of inequalities. So: `2^(k+1)=2*2^k<2*k!<(k+1)*(k!) = (k+1)! ` Thus by mathematical induction, `2^n<n!, n>=4,n in NN `

In the Phantom Tollbooth, the Not-so-Wicked Which is a character also known as Faintly Macabre or Aunt Faintly. When Milo is falsely accused and arrested by Officer Shrift, he is warned about the "Which" in the dungeon, who he understands to be a "witch." However, once he reaches the dungeon, she introduces herself and explains her story. She was once responsible for regulating the use of language in Dictionopolis, but her standards became so specific and she hoarded so many words for herself that many people become afraid to speak in public at all. The king put her in jail for life, because hoarding words was hurting the economy of Dictionopolis, and people regained the ability to speak freely. The Which says that once Rhyme and Reason return to Dictionopolis, however, she will be freed from the dungeon. There isn't actually a witch in the book, and references to a witch result from Milo misunderstanding Officer Shrift telling him about the Which.

Nick describes Daisy as the golden girl, in large part, because of her money.  She has a lot of it, and she acts and speaks as though she has a lot of it. He says that the money in her voice was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it . . . . High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl . . . . Daisy speaks with the confidence of someone who has always been treated as though she were special; she conducts herself with the bearing of one who has always been set apart.  She is beautiful and rich, and no one has ever really refused her anything she's wanted.  This has made her self-centered and selfish, elitist, and sort of cruel.  When Nick first arrives at her home in chapter one, she reproaches him because he "didn't come to [her] wedding." He reminds her that he was in the war. She goes on and on about the "very bad time" she's had, failing to consider that Nick probably had a fa...

We can infer that Roger, while executing his plan, expected a large woman like "Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones" to be no great sprinter, therefore unable to run after him once he had her purse in hand. We can infer that Roger did not expect to be kicked "right square in his blue-jeaned sitter" nor did he expect to be hauled to his feet by "his shirt front" and shaken "until his teeth rattled" (nor did he expect to land flat "on his back on the sidewalk"). We can infer that Roger expected a helpless woman, an easy-to-snatch long-strapped purse of normal weight (which hers was not as it had "everything in it but hammer and nails") and a "full blast" escape. We can only infer what Roger expected about Mrs. Jones's toughness because the story begins with action in medias res , or in the middle of events that began while we were out of earshot, so to speak. Before the story even begins, Roger has thought over what...

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) participated in the Cold War in two main ways.  First, since it was a spy agency, it engaged in espionage.  Second, it undertook other covert operations around the world to try to undermine governments that sympathized with the Soviet Union. The CIA was and is an intelligence agency.  That means that it is supposed to gather information about foreign countries that the US can use to its own advantage.  The CIA did this in the Cold War.  It tried through various methods to learn about other countries.  For example, the CIA operated spy planes that flew over places such as the USSR and Cuba, trying to gather information about military installations in those countries.  In this and many other ways, the CIA worked to give the US government more information about other countries during the Cold War. However, the CIA did not limit itself to gathering intelligence.  Instead, it also tried to change things in some countries.  In other words, it engaged in ...

If Winnie decides to drink the vial of spring water--or any drop of water from the magical spring in the woods--then it will give her eternal life, but it will also stop her from growing any older. When Winnie receives the bottle from Jesse, she's only eleven years old, and he's seventeen. She admires him, even loves him. But she knows that she's too young for him. However, if she waits until she grows to be seventeen, then drinks the water, she'll essentially freeze herself into the same age as Jesse will always be. Then they can get married and live together forever, always appearing to stay the same age. So although Winnie could really choose to drink the vial of water at any time, even immediately, she and Jesse have an understanding that if she does drink it, she'll wait until she's seventeen. Here's the (one-sided) conversation that she and Jesse have in Chapter 14, when we first find out that Jesse wants Winnie to drink the water at age seventeen and ...

Time affects the progression of the feud in Romeo and Juliet in two major ways. First, the passage of time renders the feud almost mythological in proportion; although the Capulets and Montagues continue to hate each other, neither family remembers how or why the feud began. The feud started so long ago that neither family can recall its origins and simply perpetuate the feud out of ego. It is a spiteful and violent tradition that is way out of hand. Second, time has created a continued escalation in the gravity of the feud itself, as the warring factions' attacks and acts of retaliation continue to worsen. The play itself begins with two Capulet men antagonizing a group of Montagues, which leads to an all-out brawl. The families are fighting over the unknown hurt between them, and, it seems, just for the sake of fighting. This approach is circular, self-defeating, and dangerous. Overall, time has evolved this rivalry into mayhem while preventing the two families involved from rec...

In Act 1 scene 1 of Shakespeare's tragedy,  Romeo & Juliet,  Romeo is brooding over the lost affections of Rosaline and sees the evidence of a brawl in the streets. This begins his famous soliloquy in which he says: "Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Where shall we dine?—O me! What fray was here? Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. Here’s much to do with hate but more with love. Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first created! O heavy lightness, serious vanity, Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this." Romeo's use of oxymora declares love to be "loving hate," "heavy lightness," "serious vanity," "cold fire," "sick health," "bright smoke," "still-waking sleep," a...

If Lennie happens to get into any trouble, George wants him to run away and hide at the clearing. They have just come from a job in Weed. They had to leave because Lennie felt a girl's dress and panicked when she tried to get away from him. Lennie ended up hanging on to her dress, which the girl took as a sign of aggression. George adds, "She yells and we got to hide in a irrigation ditch all day with guys lookin' for us, and we got to sneak out in the dark and get outa the country." Lennie can't help himself when it comes to soft things like rabbits, puppies, and girls. He also doesn't know his own strength. Lennie is innocent but destructive. George knows the possibility exists that Lennie might cause some trouble again. Near the end of the chapter, George tells Lennie to come back to the clearing and hide in the brush. Well, look. Lennie—if you jus' happen to get in trouble like you always done before, I want you to come right here an' hide in the b...

By liquidity preference theory (which is pretty solid, as economic theories go), reduced demand for money would come increased demand for savings, which would drive interest rates down. (It's not strictly true in every respect, but it can be useful to think of interest rates as like "the price of money"; if demand for money goes down, the "price" goes down---interest rates go down.) If the Federal Reserve wants to maintain stable interest rates in this scenario, they should sell bonds, lowering the price of bonds, which raises the yield of bonds and thus raises interest rates. You can also look at it another way, which is that they take in money when they sell the bonds, reducing the money supply. Essentially they are taking up the excess money that was left over when people decided they no longer needed it because they could use mobile payments.

There are a few reasons why Germany and Austria-Hungary were on the same side in World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had formed an alliance in 1879 known as the Dual Alliance. Germany was very concerned that Russia might attack them because Germany had blocked the Russian advance in the Balkans. This alliance also protected both empires in case they were attacked by another country such as Great Britain or France. Since these countries had been working together and had similar goals of expanding their empires, it made sense that they would work together in World War I. There also were some similarities between the two countries. Both countries spoke the same language. They also bordered each other. There were cultural similarities between the two countries. However, one of the main factors for this alliance was that both sides feared and distrusted Russia. As a result, they worked together in World War I.

The representations of colonialism in  Things Fall Apart  and  Heart of Darkness differ in a major way. In  Heart of Darkness , Joseph Conrad depicts colonialism as a violent force deconstructing a society of savages and barbarians. In contrast, in  Things Fall Apart , Chinua Achebe depicts colonialism as a violent force deconstructing a sophisticated and highly developed culture. As such, though both novels display the savage nature of colonial enterprises, Conrad makes the assumption that cultures subjected to colonialism are entirely primitive, whereas Achebe recognizes the nuanced, complicated, and culturally advanced natures of societies dominated by colonialism. This distinction is critical. While Conrad's critique of colonialism is very important, it's undeniable that he depicts African cultures in a racist manner: native Africans are represented as primitive and less-developed than Europeans, and the latter are driven mad by the dark and "primitive" cultures ...

The Ministry of Truth is actually the ministry of lies, just as the Ministry of Love is actually the ministry of torture. At the Ministry of Truth, history is rewritten to align with whatever is the current Party orthodoxy, and it is also where propaganda is produced. Winston's job is to rewrite newspaper articles to align with the Party's current version of reality. For example, whatever superpower Oceania is at war with is supposed to be the superpower it has always been at war with, so when the enemy changes, Winston has to alter newspaper articles to make it appears that Oceania has always been at war with this enemy. He also has to alter news stories to erase Party members who have fallen into disfavor. When he has produced the new version of reality, he drops the old news story down the  memory hole  where it is burned in a furnace. He then performs  doublethink  to forget that he ever altered anything, though Winston is prone to commit such  thoughcrimes  as remembering....

In a broad, general sense, the lottery system from the story represents old traditions that people blindly follow for the sake of following tradition.  The people in the story do the lottery and the death by stoning because that's what they have always done.  They don't question the morality of it or even the purpose of it.  They just do it even though nobody remembers exactly why.  Old Man Warner gives the story's only clue as to the original purpose of the lottery.   "Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.'" It seems like the original purpose of the lottery was a sacrifice to secure rain for the crops.  Readers are told by Mr. Adams that several other towns are giving up the lottery, which means that the lottery doesn't make sense or doesn't apply to those other areas.  It seems that Mr. Adams supports that idea, but Old Man Warner replies,  "Pack of crazy fools." That indicates that Old Man Warner supports the ...

Hamlet is an idealistic character, as he believes that people should act in a moral way and is crushed when they don't. He is disappointed that his mother, Gertrude, has married Claudius shortly after her husband, Hamlet's father, dies. In addition, he considers Claudius's murder of his brother (Hamlet's father) to be so amoral as to be sickening. Hamlet also expects constancy and dedication from his former beloved, Ophelia, and is distraught when he finds that she is wavering between allegiance to him and allegiance to her father, Polonius. Hamlet is destined to be upset because he expects constancy and morality and finds only evil motivations and corruption in the real world. Victor Frankenstein is also idealistic because he believes that science and scientific creations will only lead to perfection and good outcomes. When Victor creates a monster from dead bodies, he expects the being to be perfect. When the being is far from perfect, Victor despairs of his creation....

Raymond's having run alongside her on the other side of the fence reminds Squeaky of what she has revealed in the exposition as her duty to her family: All I have to do in life is mind my brother Raymond.... Now, she "minds" her brother more closely and perceives potential in her brother that she has not noticed before; and, having done so, Squeaky abandons her preoccupation with herself,  [A]nd I look over at Gretchen.... And I smile. Cause she’s good, no doubt about it....And she nods to congratulate me and then she smiles. And I smile. We stand there with this big smile of respect between us. Squeaky now has learned to find merits in others. As she acknowledges Raymond's talent, so, too, does she acknowledge that Gretchen is a real person on her own, who does not act as though she is better than someone else; nor does Gretchen have any personal motives for pretense. She is simply pleased and proud of Raymond's efforts, as well as those of Squeaky. Her genuine s...

The society has many structural guidelines because it is an attempt to build a utopia - that is, a perfect society - by controlling all natural human tendencies.  The result is a soulless, totalitarian society.  Three major areas that totalitarian/utopian governments usually attempt to control are sex, family, and individual liberty.  These three areas cause a lot of trouble in ordinary human society, so they are a natural target for anyone trying to build a utopia.   In The Giver , the instinct for sex/romantic love is suppressed with the use of pills.  As soon as preteens or teens feel "the stirrings," as they are called (the beginning of interest in the opposite sex), they are to report them, and then they are given pills that suppress the stirrings.  Families are chosen by the leaders.  Each family has a father, a mother, and children, but they are not biologically related to one another.  Children are borne by birth mothers (also specially selected for that role), then...

Parametric curve (x(t),y(t)) has a horizontal tangent when its slope `dy/dx` is zero, i.e. `dy/dt=0` and `dx/dt!=0` . Curve has a vertical tangent if its slope approaches infinity i.e. `dx/dt=0` and `dy/dt!=0` Given equations of the parametric curve are: `x=t^2-t+2` `y=t^3-3t` `dx/dt=2t-1` `dy/dt=3t^2-3` For horizontal tangents : `dy/dt=0` `3t^2-3=0` `=>3t^2=3` `=>t^2=1` `=>t=+-1` Corresponding points on the curve can be found by plugging the values of t in the parametric equation, For t=1, `x_1=1^2-1+2=2`  `y_1=1^3-3(1)=-2` For t=-1, `x_2=2^2-2+2=4` `y_2=2^3-3(2)=2` Horizontal tangents are at the points (2,-2) and (4,2) For vertical tangents, `dx/dt=0` `2t-1=0` `=>t=1/2` Corresponding points on the curve for `t=1/2` are, `x=(1/2)^2-1/2+2` `x=1/4-1/2+2` `x=(1-2+8)/4` `x=7/4` `y=(1/2)^3-3(1/2)` `y=1/8-3/2` `y=(1-12)/8` `y=-11/8` Vertical tangent is at the point  `(7/4,-11/8)`

Q: If you change the amplitude of a sound wave, what do you change? A: If you change the amplitude of a sound wave, you change its power  and  intensity . You also change its perceived  loudness . In more general terms, you are changing the energy content of a sound wave when you change its amplitude. The amplitude of a sound is a measure of the change in pressure (force over a given area) that it exerts on the air through which it passes.  The power of a sound is its amplitude over a given period of time. Power, like electrical power, is expressed in Watts, which is equal to 1 Newton of force per second. An increase in amplitude therefore causes a corresponding increase in power. Sound is a 3D phenomenon. It radiates in a sphere from the source that creates it (like a speaker, human voice, airplane, or musical instrument). The power of a sound is the total force exerted by this sphere.  Intensity  is the  power  (as defined above) of the sound divided by a square unit area (usually pe...

To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in the 1930s in the rural, southern United States. Specifically, it takes place in Alabama. At this time in history, racial prejudices were extreme and condemned anyone who dared to confront the inequality between blacks and whites by treating people of all races equally. It is in this setting that we meet the characters of the story. Much of the town where the story takes place, are typically strong minded, prejudiced southerners who condemn relationships between blacks and whites, particularly any type of romantic relationship. Anyone who stands up to that prejudice in this setting as Atticus does when he decides to defend the black man Tom against charges that he raped a white woman, is also condemned. However, the fact that Atticus stands up to the prejudices, determined to provide Tom with a fair trial in this setting, speaks to his strength of character. He believes that all men are deserving of equal treatment under the law. At the trial, the m...

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Speckled Band,"   Mr. Sherlock Holmes comes to suspect Dr. Grimesby Roylott of attempting to kill his stepdaughter. The first description of Dr. Roylott we receive comes from Miss Helen Stoner, who says that he is a hard man who must not know his own strength. She had previously mentioned that Dr. Roylott met and married her mother while working in India and now keeps many exotic pets, but left out any details concerning his appearance or personality. As soon as Miss Stoner has left Mr. Holmes' flat on Baker Street, Dr. Roylott bursts into the apartment in a fit of anger. He is described as a huge man with a large face, lots of wrinkles, a high and thin nose, and yellowish eyes and skin. He wears a top hat, a long coat, and rain boots. He is certainly an angry man, as he threatens Mr. Holmes and Dr. Watson that if they investigate Helen's case, they will face his wrath.

Let the two numbers be x and y.  Let `x>y` . According to the given data; `x-y = 8` -----(1) `x^2+y^2 = 424` ------(2) From (1) y = x-8 Use the value of y = x-8 for (2) `x^2+(x-8)^2 = 424` `x^2+x^2-16x+64 = 424` `2x^2-16x-360` Divide whole term by 2 to make the expression more simple. `x^2-8x-180 = 0` `x^2-18x+10x-180 = 0` `x(x-18)+10(x-18) = 0` `(x-18)(x+10) = 0` `x = 18` or `x = -10` So the  Largest number would be 18 or -10. If we consider the numbers to be positive then the answer would be 18.

There was no one specific event that made Odysseus want to return home to his wife, Penelope, after twenty years.  Honestly he didn't really want to leave in the first place, but he got called away to fight Troy on behalf of Menelaus whose wife, Helen, had been abducted Paris, the prince of Troy.  Odysseus was away from home for the first ten years because that is how long the Trojan War lasted.  Eventually, he conceived of the Trojan Horse idea, and this is what turned the tide of the war; it's how the Achaeans actually got inside the walls of Troy and eventually defeated the Trojans. Odysseus tried to go right home to Ithaca, but a number of unfortunate events (some his fault, others not) occurred to delay him.  After yet another ten years, Odysseus remains just as committed to reaching home as he ever was.  His tenacity and perseverance, as well as his (relative) loyalty to his wife and religious piety, were seen as much to be admired by the ancient Greeks.

It appears that your instructor is asking you to think of potential thesis statements for essays you might write in the future about your assigned readings. The thesis statement need to address certain themes.  For the theme of identity, you might state that in "Boys and Girl" the narrator originally has an almost genderless identity as a prepubescent child. In the story she gradually begins to develop the identity of a "girl" as she reaches puberty, and finds this identity quite restrictive, especially in the way that it constructs her as inferior to her brother Laird. You could next mention that her moment of decision comes when she lets the horse Flora escape, giving Flora. albeit only briefly, the freedom she herself is about to lose when confined to the woman's world of the kitchen. For Hamlet, his identity is established as a Prince of Denmark and yet he too has to make a choice as to whether he will identify with his father and take revenge or support Cla...

In Chapter 5, Ponyboy wakes up early one morning and sits outside to watch the sunrise. Johnny follows him outside and comments on how beautiful the colors of the sunrise blend together. He says, " The mist was what was pretty...All gold and silver " (Hinton 66). Johnny then comments on how it is a shame that the sky cannot always remain so picturesque, which reminds Ponyboy of the Robert Frost poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay." Ponyboy recites the poem but mentions that he doesn't understand its deeper meaning. The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" highlights the transience of youth, innocence, and life. Frost depicts the impermanence of nature and humanity throughout the poem which corresponds to both Ponyboy and Johnny's lives. Johnny's life and Ponyboy's innocence are short-lived and can be symbolized by the leaves in the poem. Johnny was a magnanimous individual who was well-liked by his group of peers . Johnny's life was essentially ...

Hazel does not realize what has happened because she is intrinsically mentally dull, while George does not fully grasp the situation on the television because his initial recognition of Harrison was electronically removed from his brain. Also, when his son is shot, he is out of the room. When the announcement is made on the television program that Harrison Bergeron has just escaped from jail, a photograph of their son appears on the television screen, seeming to jump up and down "as though dancing to an earthquake." George exclaims, "That must be Harrison!" because Harrison created the same "earthquake" in their home when he was living with them. This thought is instantly met with the crashing sound of a car collision in George's head. This electronic sound removes George's thought. Further, when Harrison and the gorgeous ballerina, who have removed their handicaps, leap together in the air, Handicapper General Diana Moon Glampers fires a double-ba...

While the death of Candy's dog is clearly meant to foreshadow Lennie's death, it could also be argued that the death of Lennie's puppy is used as foreshadowing as well. Like Candy's dog, Lennie's puppy is powerless to control his fate. The puppy is simply the victim of things which he cannot avoid. That he ended up in Lennie's hands was bad luck for him. Likewise, Candy's dog could not control his increasing age, falling victim to decline and the power of Carlson, who cared little that the dog was Candy's only friend. Indeed, like the puppy, all the characters in Of Mice and Men are powerless to control their fates, and Lennie is no exception. Lennie cannot control his obsession with touching soft things and he cannot recognize or control his overpowering strength. That he is in the barn with Curley's wife during the fateful events of chapter five proves that, as with the puppy, fate is not kind to Lennie. Curley's wife provides an irresistible ...

In this story, Mama's parenting is effective because the right daughter ends up finally receiving the recognition she deserves.  It seems as though Mama has spent a lot of time getting Dee the things she wants and dreaming of being enough to satisfy (and not embarrass) her worldly daughter. Humble Maggie has been left somewhat in the shadows.  Toward the end of the story, when Dee insists that she get to take the family quilts—quilts she actually rejected when she went off to school—Mama has a sort of epiphany. She recalls, When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Mama finally seems to understand that Maggie has never felt special or deserving ...

Charles Dickens's novel Hard Times , which is a social criticism, is divided into three sections. These sections act as thematic titles. In this section, Dickens introduces his main characters, among whom is Mr. Gradgrind, whose utilitarian fact-philosophy does not allow emotion or imagination to partake in learning or experience. In fact, Gradgrind holds this conviction:  Facts alone are wanted in life.... Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service.... This is the principle on which I bring up my own children, and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. Stick to Facts....! (Ch.1) Likewise, just as the factories grind out a product, the educational preparation of Mr. M'Choakumchild is also churning out a product since the children are taught in the same utilitarian manner: He had worked his stony way...and had taken the bloom off the higher branches of mathematics and physical science, French, German, Latin, and Greek. (I, Ch. 1) Imagination is discourage...

The play within a play, presented by the workmen in celebration of Theseus and Hippolyta's wedding, pokes fun at dramatic traditions in a few ways. Shakespeare appears to be milking the most comedy out of the melodrama the actors employ to perform their roles, making the selected play, a tragedy, an irony. Shakespeare may have added the play within a play as a way to affirm Elizabethan notions about actors at the time. For example, Bottom is earnest yet dimwitted; Quince is even-tempered, yet suffers at the hands of an unruly cast. Both characters would serve as a ribald punchline for audiences that thought of actors as vain and dull in their offstage lives.  Through the play within a play convention, Shakespeare also could have been answering to those critics who felt free to demean his work, but had no understanding of sound dramatic structure.

Tim O'Brien grew up in Minnesota and fought in the Vietnam War from 1969 to 1970. His battalion was sent to the area where the My Lai Massacre had taken place the year before, though he was not aware of this fact at the time. His works have had an impact on contemporary literature by providing a literary account of the war in Vietnam, drawing on his own experiences. His works have also brought together fiction and reality in a manner that he refers to as "story-truth." He believes that "story-truth," or the emotional truth that can come from fictionalizing true events, is often truer than what actually occurred. The narrator of The Things They Carried is Tim O'Brien, which can increase the reader's sense  that the story is accurate in its details about the war. It can also, however, lead the reader to question whether O'Brien's account of the war is biased and more personal than general. In other words, he may just be writing from his own perspe...

J.K. Rowling's  Harry Potter  series is written from the third person limited perspective. This means that, though the narrative is written in the third person, the perspective is limited to one specific character's experiences. Thus, Rowling's narrator's perception is limited in that the narrative is pretty much only told from Harry's perspective (there are a few exceptions to this rule in the series, but they are rare). As heroic as he is, Harry can't possibly be everywhere at once, so he is unable to know everything that's going on in the world of witchcraft and wizardry. Moreover, he can't know other characters' exact thoughts. As a result, the narrator's perception is limited in the  Harry Potter  series in that the narrative is essentially confined to Harry's personal experiences. 

Managerial economics is studied as a separate field because it combines two broad subjects, management and economics. Managerial economics blends the theories of economics in the management process. Focus is mainly directed towards microeconomics and business decision making. The aim of the course is to develop knowledge on how information from the field of economics can be used to optimize managerial decisions, which mostly revolve around resources and their allocation. Business administrators would thus have valuable information that would guide them on what products to pursue, how much of the product to produce and the right price to charge for the product among other aspects of business. The decisions are mostly based on capital available, market demand and labor among other resources required by the business to turn inputs to outputs. In addition, the extensive theories make it necessary to study managerial economics separately given that microeconomics is a broad subject on its o...

"The Catbird Seat" starts off like a conventional murder story. The author James Thurber wants the reader to expect that Mr. Martin intends to commit a perfect crime. Ulgine Barrows became a "special assistant to the president of the firm, Mr. Fitweiler," where Martin was head of the filing department at F & S. Martin had loathed the woman from the moment he met her. She is loud, vulgar, and incompetent. In the short time she has been with the firm, she has created chaos in some of the departments--and now Martin knows instinctively that she has her eye on his beloved filing department. She obviously thinks it needs streamlining. She is thinking of throwing out a lot of the older files and selling the steel cabinets for scrap. Two comments that reveal her budding intentions are the following: "Do you really need all these filing cabinets?" And: "But you sure have got a lot of fine scrap in here!" At present she has Mr. Fitweiler's comple...

In Chapter One, the plot involves Joseph Balicki's escape from prison in the mountains of South Poland. During the first winter of his incarceration, Joseph is too ill to attempt an escape. In the summer, he feels better and tries to escape with five other prisoners. The attempt fails, however, and Joseph is sent to solitary confinement. During the second winter, Joseph is ill again. It isn't until the spring that he tries to escape once again. This attempt is successful. When a guard slides Joseph's food through a slot in the door, Joseph is ready for him with his catapult. His catapult is fashioned from sticks and "from the elastic in the sides of his boots." Meanwhile, his "ammunition" consists of a smooth, round stone. Joseph manages to render the guard unconscious with a well-placed shot from his catapult. Then, with a bent nail tied to a piece of blanket, Joseph manages to retrieve the guard's keys. Once he has the keys, Joseph pulls the guard ...

The speaker directly addresses his father in the last stanza of the poem. However, generally, he is addressing all men (and I do mean  men , as I do not think that women figured in Thomas's imagination for this poem) who see their lives coming to an end. He considers different types of men, though he does not directly connect his father with any of them. First, there are "wise men": Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. These men know, because they are wise, that they must die ("know dark is right"), but resist death because their wisdom has not had the desired impact on the living ("their words had forked no lightning").  Then, he contemplates "good men": Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. The "good men" are described as both frie...

The character of Beneatha is, arguably, the most dynamic in the play. She represents the hopes and ideological aspirations of the generation that would propel the Civil Rights and Black Power movements.  She is intelligent, energetic, open-minded, curious, insightful, progressive, and politically conscious.  Her willingness to try new things, particularly to take advantage of opportunities that were not available to previous generations of black people, is an important character strength. In Act One, Scene One, we learn that she has taken guitar lessons and horseback-riding lessons. By doing such things, she is asserting her desire to be creative, to "express" herself. This desire is lost on Ruth and Mama Younger, who would have had few, if any, opportunities to express themselves creatively.  Her feminism is on display during her conversations with Asagai, one of her boyfriends, whose traditional Yoruba ideas regarding relations between men and women strike Beneatha as backw...

There are advantages to each of these programs, as well as disadvantages. First, we'll take a look at the advantages of AP and IB programs. Then, we'll explore the advantages of community college courses. Finally, we'll look at some disadvantages to each of these programs.  AP stands for Advanced Placement and is administered by The College Board. These courses are designed to give students a rigorous, college-level curriculum. In some schools, AP courses are weighted higher than regular courses, giving students the possibility of raising their grade point average. Some students have been able to graduate with greater than a 4.0 this way. At the end of the course, students have the option of taking an examination. There is a cost associated with taking this exam. Students receive a rating of 1-5 upon completion of the exam. Many colleges accept certain scores on AP exams as credit for general education coursework. Taking the exam is usually less expensive than a college cou...

Gulliver later learns that the Lilliputians spent some time considering what to do with him, especially when he first arrived.  The emperor initially seems to keep his distance from Gulliver because, on the one hand, it would best guarantee his safety, and, on the other hand, he needs time to consider what ought to be done with this giant man.  They have no idea what kind of a creature Gulliver is, and, because of his size, they automatically assume that he will be dangerous to them.  Then, as Gulliver finds out later on, the leaders of Lilliput actually did consider starving him at first because they knew that it would be very expensive to feed him.  However, since Gulliver immediately expressed his hunger and thirst when he first awakened, it seems that the Lilliputians probably fed him in order to buy time to consider what to do with him.

The judicial branch of the United States government consists of the U.S. Supreme Court and other lower federal courts.  Justices on these courts do not have term limits.  The United States Constitution does not state any term limits for judges.  The Constitution states that "the Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour."  A Supreme Court justice, for example, can stay in office until they resign, pass away, or are removed from office.  They can be removed from office if they violate the rule of having "good Behaviour."  These rules also apply to judges in federal courts.   The President of the United States does have a term limit, according to the U.S. Constitution.  Amendment XXII to the Constitution was passed in 1947 and ratified in 1951.  This was done after President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to four terms as the leader of the United States.

Chlorine is manufactured by electrolysis of brine, or sodium chloride solution. Electrolysis uses direct current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous reaction, usually to separate a compound into its elements. For example, electrolysis of water yields hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. In the same way, NaCl is used to produce chlorine, in the form of chlorine gas. The cathode involved in electrolysis of brine can be represented by the following reaction: `2H^+ + 2e^- -> H_2` , while the anode is `2Cl^-1 -> Cl_2 + 2e^-` , with the over-all reaction being: `2NaCl + 2H_2O -> Cl_2 + H_2 + 2NaOH` . As you can see, sodium hydroxide is a by-product of this process. Now, both hydrogen and chlorine here are produced as diatomic gases. The reason why this is the case is because, like any other elements that occur as diatomic molecules, this is the most stable state.  In the case of chlorine, it has a 7 valence electrons and only needs one more to attain the more stable octet valency. This is...

It is not really possible to predict the results in the absence of more specific details. "Effort" here is a key undefined term, as it really doesn't specify whether the "effort" would take the form of monetary aid, training, infrastructure improvement, consultants, or other specific missions. Simply sending money is unlikely to have a significant effect without substantial efforts to monitor how the money is being used. Simply enriching a few powerful kleptocrats in developing nations does not improve living conditions for the majority of people. Similarly, certain forms of emergency aid such as supplying food to drought-stricken regions will help individuals in the short term but likely will not make an appreciable long-term difference. There are certain types of aid efforts that might make long-term changes. The first is infrastructure creation, including education, transportation, communication, and finance. These might enable many developing nations to take...

The first president of the United States was George Washington. He was unanimously chosen by the Electoral College in the election of 1788, the only president to achieve such a distinction. His Vice President was John Adams, who finished second in the voting (in those days, each elector cast two votes, and the candidate who received the second-highest total became Vice President--every elector voted for Washington). While President, Washington faced a number of challenges. He had to set a precedent for presidential power and behavior. He had to supervise a plan laid out by Alexander Hamilton to deal with the nation's fiscal crisis. He had to figure out the correct response to the outbreak of the French Revolution and the resulting French war with England. He faced challenges from Native peoples in the Ohio Valley (which resulted in open war) and the Southwest. And he had to deal with the development of political factions, or parties, as a result of differences on how to deal with t...

Often the term foreshadowing is used of negative things, such as death, that are going to happen in a story.  In the case of C.S. Lewis, he foreshadows many things, good and bad. Lewis is such a masterful storyteller that he plants many small seeds throughout a story, which later blossom into significance.  In The Horse and His Boy , there are many instances of foreshadowing of events big and small.  I will discuss the foreshadowing of two major themes: the mystery of Shasta's origin, and the involvement of Aslan. Shasta's Origin When Shasta is first introduced, it is this way:  ... far south in Calormen on a little creek of the sea, there lived a poor fisherman called Arsheesh, and with him there lived a boy who called him Father. Thus, right away we are notified that Shasta is apparently not Arsheesh's real son, but thinks he is.   Later in the same chapter, a visitor to Arsheesh points out (in a conversation on which Shasta eavesdrops) that Shasta cannot possibly be Arsh...