Notes

While Abraham Lincoln was President, he faced many issues. One issue dealt with the secession of some of the southern states. Since the United States had forts in the South, President Lincoln was going to need to send supplies to these forts. He knew this could start the Civil War. President Lincoln decided to announce he was sending unarmed ships with supplies to Fort Sumter. This would force the South to decide if they would attack our ships and start the Civil War. When the Civil War began, President Lincoln had to ensure that certain states remained in the Union. For example, if Maryland seceded, Washington, D.C. would have been in Confederate territory. President Lincoln arrested those members of the Maryland legislature that supported secession. As a result, Maryland remained in the Union. President Lincoln had to deal with a lack of success in the Eastern Front of the Civil War. General McClellan hesitated at times to move his army. Opportunities were lost to attack the South as...

There were economic consequences of the English Revolution, called the Glorious Revolution, of 1688. One consequence was that the power of British monarchy was weakened. For example, the British Parliament got control over the levying of taxes. The Parliament also was able to have influence over royal secession, have a say in declaring war, and have influence over political appointments. Great Britain was also changed financially. Because the wars that Great Britain had fought had cost so much money, Parliament began to examine the royal expenses much more closely than it had done in the past. Key financial institutions, such as the Bank of England, also formed. The war ended a monopoly that the Royal African Company had over the trading of slaves. This allowed slavery to grow as a result of the revolution. It was ironic that while this war was designed to give the British people more freedom, it also led to more slavery for some people. This revolution also impacted the British coloni...

Throughout the novel Bud, Not Buddy , Christopher Paul Curtis examines the importance of family and the support they provide. The main conflict throughout the story concerns Bud's search for his biological father. After Bud's mother passes away, he is forced to endure various hardships as he travels across Michigan to find Herman Calloway. Bud's pleasant memories of his mother provide him with the motivation to continue his journey. Along the way, Bud is treated hospitably by several families. Deza Malone's family offers Bud food while he is visiting the Hooverville, and Lefty Lewis invites Bud over to his daughter's home. Both families are close-knit and sympathetic to Bud's situation. Bud also feels comfortable when he is around loving families, which only increases his motivation to continue his search. When Bud finally meets Herman Calloway, he is upset to find out that Herman is a grumpy old man. However, the members of Herman's band treat him like fam...

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Limit comparison test is applicable when `suma_n` and `sumb_n` are series with positive terms. If `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=L` where L is a finite number and `L>0` , then either both series converge or both diverge. Given series is `sum_(n=1)^oon^(k-1)/(n^k+1),k>=2` Let the comparison series be `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` The comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` is a p-series with p=1. As per the p-series test,`sum_(n=1)^oo1/n^p` is convergent if `p>1` and divergent if `0<p<=1` So, the comparison series is a divergent series. Now let's use the limit comparison test with: `a_n=n^(k-1)/(n^k+1)` `b_n=1/n` `a_n/b_n=(n^(k-1)/(n^k+1))/(1/n)` `a_n/b_n=(n(n^(k-1)))/(n^k+1)` `a_n/b_n=n^k/(n^k+1)` `a_n/b_n=n^k/(n^k(1+1/n^k))` `a_n/b_n=1/(1+1/n^k)` `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=lim_(n->oo)1/(1+1/n^k)` `=1>0` Since the comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` diverges, the series `sum_(n=1)^oon^(k-1)/(n^k+1)` as well, diverges as per the limit comparison test.

Both forms of communication transmit meanings. Both forms of communication include components which are learned. Language is learned, and people in difficult cultures may learn culture-specific gestures, like shrugging to communicate "I don't know." Language is a quintessentially symbolic communication system, but nonverbal communication isn't entirely lacking in symbols. For instance, in my culture, shaking the head from side to side is an arbitrary gesture that stands for the concept "no." That's symbolic communication. There are many distinctions between these two forms of communication. Here are some, suggested by the work of Charles Hockett. Structure Language has structure—all languages have a syntax or grammar; rules of how to put together the units of language into a statement or utterance. Nonverbal communication has no such rules for stringing together units of meaning. Displacement With language, we can talk about things that aren't tang...

Osama-bin Laden disagreed with the American way of life.  He did not like American consumerism or its immodest values.  He did not like its secular nature.  He also did not approve of its foreign policy of meddling in the Middle East to ensure its oil supply.  Finally, he disapproved of the formation of the Israeli state and therefore hated America as one of Israel's most vital allies.  Bin-Laden was part of a group of radical fundamentalists who believed that the best government was controlled via Sharia law.  His attacks against monuments to American capitalism and American military might on September 11 were meant to send a statement--that the Middle East could find vulnerabilities in Western might.  Bin-Laden, a Saudi by birth, hid on the border of Afghanistan and Pakistan during the early stages of the Global War on Terror where he organized extremist groups via the internet to attack Americans in Iraq and Afghanistan and at various embassies throughout the Middle East and Afr...

That's a pretty broad subject for a poster. The best way to approach such a broad topic is to define it, then give some examples that demonstrate some of the various ways it impacts our lives. There are a few principles that students should always observe when making a visual aid: Make it visible from a distance. If you're presenting it to a class, you want everybody to be able to see it. Make it colorful. Nothing looks worse than some gray penciling on a poster board. It's also hard to read from more than five feet away. Don't use long passages of text. Students aren't going to put a lot of effort into reading from a poster--instead, use keywords or short phrases. Remember to put them in heavy, bold letters. Use some pictures, charts, or diagrams. These are much more interesting to the eye than text. Finally, dress it up with a little formatting--draw some borders, use multiple colors, underline key words, etc. Here is just one possible way to design the poster: Pu...

In The Condition of the Working Class in England , Friedrich Engels accuses society of committing social murder. In a footnote, Engels defines society as the ruling class or bourgeoisie who "hold social and political control" in England. For Engels, the bourgeoisie regularly commits social murder and, by this, he means that they place members of the working class in such a precarious and explored position that they die as a result of starvation and deprivation. Engels clarifies this in the chapter entitled "Results:" "Society in England daily and hourly commits what the working-men's organs, with perfect correctness, characterise as social murder, that it has placed the workers under conditions in which they can neither retain health nor live long; that it undermines the vital force of these workers gradually, little by little, and so hurries them to the grave before their time." In fact, while resident in England, Engels learned of the deaths of ...

The two father-son relationships we get the most information on in  Things Fall Apart  are those between Okonkwo and his own father, Unoka, and between Okonkwo and his son, Nwoye. Both of these relationships reveal tensions between father and son and in both cases, Okonkwo is not satisfied with the way Unoka and Nwoye play the role of father and of son, respectively. The novel begins with many details about Okonkwo's opinion of Unoka and how his father has shaped Okonkwo as a person. Unoka is described as lazy and always indebted to others. Okonkwo is ashamed of him and does not want to take after him; instead, he tries to be the opposite of Unoka: powerful, hard-working, domineering. Okonkwo's shame at his father's reputation in the community leads Okonkwo to aspire to be something at the other end of the spectrum. Okonkwo subsequently becomes extreme in his values and perspectives, which ultimately contributes to his downfall. Okonkwo is likewise disappointed in his oldes...

In Fahrenheit 451 , there are a number of examples which demonstrate a conflict between Man and Society: Montag vs. the Majority : According to Beatty, it is the majority who first turned their backs on books and encouraged the government to introduce the fireman system. Montag's real battle with the majority begins in Part Two when he develops an "insidious plan" with Faber to bring down this system and to reintroduce books into society.  But the majority are unwilling to embrace literature, as we see when Montag reads Dover Beach to Mildred and her friends. Montag does, however, put this plan into action when he plants a book in a fellow fireman's house and calls in the alarm. Montag vs. the Government : After killing Captain Beatty in Part Three, Montag does battle with the government: they send the Mechanical Hound after him and broadcast the chase on live television. This conflict is resolved when Montag escapes the city while the government publicly executes an...

Examples of structural grammar applied to sentence analysis will show the syntax relationships between speech units that constitute the structure of each sentence. The smallest speech units that determine syntax relationships in language are phonemes and morphemes and words. Sentence element word classes and syntax relationships are designated by standard symbols used for structural grammar analysis. The two examples that follow the symbols (below) have limited detail since diagrams aren't supported by this format: (Sb) is the symbol for sentence Subject. (P) is for sentence Predicate. (H) is for Head. (M) is for Modifier. (V) is for Verb. (C) is for Complement. (Sub) is for subordinate component. (D) is for Dependent component. These are additional standard symbols, Det: determiner; pres: present tense; Adj: adjective; Prn: pronoun; Aux: auxiliary verb. Examples The can has a broken tab.   The can (Sb) has a broken tab. (P) The (M) can (H) has (V) a broken tab. (D) ... a broken (...

In Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the Radleys live a few doors down from the Finch children. The house is across the street from Miss Maudie's and behind the elementary school. The Radleys' property also has a few oak and nut trees, whose nuts fall into the schoolyard. In chapter 1, Scout tells about how people believe anything associated with the Radleys' house is evil. As a result, school children won't even touch the pecans that fall into the school yard, let alone eat any. Children believe that if they eat the nuts from the Radleys' property, they'll die. Additionally, children won't go after any baseballs that might go into the Radleys' backyard. Scout says, " A baseball hit into the Radley yard was a lost ball and no questions asked " (9). It's as though someone might spontaneously combust from stepping foot into the yard. If that's the case, then no one would even think of knocking on the door to ask permission to retrieve a b...

In Death of a Salesman , Willy's elder son Biff is uncertain, insecure, and haunted by struggles with his father's expectations. As a child, Biff's parents believed he had more potential than his brother, but once he reached adulthood Biff struggled to hold down a stable job. He dreams of working as a farmer and feels his father and the expectations of his family only serve as obstacles to his desires. Once he discovers his father's affair, Biff loses faith and respect for him and begins to question his values and dreams. Happy is Willy's younger son who has managed to hold down a modest job as an assistant after a lifetime of living in his brother's shadow. He is interested in career advancement and gaining his parents' approval. He always defends his family members, but his womanizing lifestyle disappoints his mother. In the play, Biff is written more sympathetically than Happy. Happy shares his father's habit of deluding himself into ignoring how mise...

While Jem and Scout were on their way to the Halloween pageant, Cecil Jacobs sneaked up on them and scared them in the dark of night.  Cecil had ridden safely to the auditorium with his parents, hadn’t seen us, then had ventured down this far because he knew good and well we’d be coming along. He thought Mr. Finch’d be with us, though. Walking home, Jem heard someone's footsteps behind them. Having just been frightened by their friend the same evening, it was natural for the children to assume that Cecil was just trying to scare them a second time.  “It’s just old Cecil,” said Jem presently. “He won’t get us again. Let’s don’t let him think we’re hurrying.” As a result, Jem and Scout slowed their pace to lure Cecil in, allowing their stalker, who turned out to be Bob Ewell, to catch up to them. They only realized they were in danger when the footsteps they heard started running toward them, but they didn't sound like they belonged to a child. Shuffle-foot had not stopped with u...

`int6/sqrt(10x-x^2)dx` Take the constant out , `=6int1/sqrt(10x-x^2)dx` Let's rewrite the denominator by completing the square, `=6int1/(sqrt(-(x-5)^2+25))dx` Now apply integral substitution: `u=x-5` `du=1dx` `=6int1/sqrt(-u^2+25)dx` `=6int1/sqrt(5^2-u^2)du` Again apply integral substitution: `u=5sin(v)` `=>du=5cos(v)dv` `=6int(1/sqrt(5^2-5^2sin^2(v)))5cos(v)dv` `=6int(5cos(v))/(sqrt(5^2)sqrt(1-sin^2(v)))dv` Use the trigonometric identity: `cos^2(x)=1-sin^2(x)` `=6int(5cos(v))/(5sqrt(cos^2(v)))dv` `=6int(5cos(v))/(5cos(v))dv` , assuming `cos(v)>=0` `=6int1dv` `=6v`  substitute back `v=arcsin(u/5)` and `u=(x-5)`   `=6arcsin((x-5)/5)` Add a constant C to the solution, `=6arcsin((x-5)/5)+C`

The transformation of the young boy's father into a stick within Kobo Abe's one-act play The Man Who Turned Into a Stick serves as the catalyst for the other characters' transformation (or, at least, their consideration of transformation) and highlights the stick's own lack of true transformation. The play begins with a Hippie Boy and Hippie Girl standing on the stage and sniffing glue--surely a sign of both immaturity and rebelliousness--when a stick (really, a man who has turned into a stick!) plummets onto the stage and nearly hits the Hippie Boy. This event prompts almost immediate philosophizing, as the Hippie Girl questions, "Which do you suppose is the accident--when something hits you or when it misses?" The Hippie Boy retorts simply, "How should I know?" This ambivalence, youth, and sense of alienation is further highlighted by the arrival of the Man from Hell and the Woman from Hell--two characters who speak in poetic lines as they journ...

In Shakespeare’s plays, there are characters who break the Fourth Wall and talk to themselves or to the audience: Puck’s closing speech in A Midsummer Night’s Dream ; Feste at the end of Twelfth Night ; the epilogue in As You Like It , spoken by Rosalind. When a character breaks the Fourth Wall, it appears to be speaking to the audience. As Richard’s character is low in the pecking order to the throne, he connives, plots, manipulates, and even murders to secure the crown. As there is a lot of foreshadowing, curses, dreams, and ghosts in this play, you might consider a monologue/soliloquy emerging from any of these – this is fertile ground for the imagination. Richard is ruthless.  Does he have a conscience?  Do we ever see it?  Would a monologue/soliloquy that is his conscience be worth exploring?  What about the conscience of who he murdered?  Murder does not only mean the physical; it can be the murder of love.  Who does Richard murder or destroy along the way?  What if these charact...

Montmorency is the dog in the title of the book. He’s a fox terrier. The narrator describes his appearance and reputation – in his usual exaggerating style -- in Chapter II. Here he says that when Montmorency first moved in with him, he thought the animal was angelic and could do no wrong. His opinion changed when he learned that the dog had killed a dozen chickens and a cat, and that their owners demanded restitution for the losses. He had to drag him, “growling and kicking, by the scruff of his neck, out of a hundred and fourteen street fights.” We get the impression that in spite of his small size and adorable looks, Montmorency is a vicious street dog who is always looking for trouble. As with everything else the narrator writes, we’re not sure whether or not we should believe him. We learn more about the dog in Chapters XIII and XIV, when he has an encounter with an even tougher cat; when he offers a water rat for George’s Irish stew; and when he “argues” with the tea kettle.

`int(t^2-3)/(-t^3+9t+1)dt` Let's apply integral substitution, Substitute `u=(-t^3+9t+1)` `(du)/dt=-3t^2+9` `(du)/dt=-3(t^2-3)` `=>-1/3(du)=(t^2-3)dt` `int(t2-3)/(-t^3+9t+1)dt=int(-1/3)(du)/u` Take the constant out, `=-1/3int(du)/u` use the common integral:`int1/udu=ln|u|` `=-1/3ln|u|` substitute back `u=(-t^3+9t+1)` and add a constant C to the solution, `=-1/3ln|(-t^3+9t+1)|+C`

At Auschwitz, where Elie and his father spend the first three weeks of their imprisonment, there is basically nothing to do. Elie reports that it was like a "rest home" and most afternoons were spent sleeping. Ironically, there are signs at Auschwitz saying "Work is Liberty." When Elie and his father are transferred to Buna, part of the Auschwitz network of concentration camps, they work at an electrical warehouse counting "bolts, bulbs, and small electrical fittings." Even though the work is said to be of "vast importance" Elie is told to take his time but not to be caught slacking off while the SS watched. Sometimes the prisoners were used to "load diesel engines onto trains supervised by German soldiers." During this time, Elie and his father are often terrorized by Idek, one of the Kapos in charge of the workers. A Polish prisoner, and musician, named Juliek warns that Idek "has bouts of madness." Both Elie and his father ...

What makes Nick's thirtieth birthday specifically peculiar is that he had forgotten it. He only realized that it was his birthday after the confrontation between Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan over Daisy had ended. He only became aware of the fact that he had reached this milestone when Tom asked if he wanted to have some whiskey after Daisy had left with Jay on Tom's instruction. He, almost painfully, declares close to the end of chapter 7: “No . . . I just remembered that to-day’s my birthday.”  The fact that this important event had slipped his mind also suggests that Nick had been so involved and caught up in the lives and dramas of others, that he had forgotten about the major events in his. He was distracted by the events unfolding around him and in which he had become an essential participant. During this period, he befriended and admired Jay Gatsby, became a guest in the Buchanan household, arranged a meeting between Daisy and Jay, and had grown attached to Jordan Baker. ...

After forgetting about the baby boy, Sara is filled with remorse; she quickly tells the father of the twins to make sure that the baby is held and loved. The twin babies remind her of herself and her twin, Caroline. For most of the story, Sara Louise's sister, Caroline, is known as the pretty and sociable twin. Meanwhile, Louise has always had to live in her sister's shadow, seemingly forgotten and disregarded by those around her. When Caroline leaves home to pursue a music career at Julliard, Louise is happy for her but filled with foreboding at her own ambivalent feelings. Things eventually come to a head when Caroline marries Louise's best friend, Call. Louise then decides to pursue her dreams; she initially enrolls in the University of Maryland to prepare for medical school but soon transfers to the University of Kentucky to study to be a nurse-midwife. After graduating, she ends up serving in Truitt, a small Appalachian village in the mountains. Louise eventually marri...

I would argue that the character most responsible for the Reverend Dimmesdale's suffering is Dimmesdale, himself.  He whips himself with a scourge, fasts, keeps late-night vigils, and wrestles with his conscience again and again throughout the novel, but he never does the one thing that will end his suffering until the book's conclusion: confess that he is Hester's co-sinner.  He sort of confesses to his congregation, saying that he is "utterly a pollution and a lie," but these terms are so veiled that his auditors interpret them only as a sign of his humility.  He never says explicitly that he is Pearl's father.  Then, standing on the scaffold at night, holding hands with Hester and Dimmesdale, their daughter asks him if he will stand with them and hold her hand during the day in front of the town.  He says that he will not; it is thus clear that he does not ultimately want anyone to know about his sin, and it is this hiding that causes him such anguish.  Di...

The reason we use moving averages in the first place is that a lot of time-series data is noisy; due to errors in data collection or random fluctuations in the real-world phenomenon, the data jumps up and down randomly, obscuring any long-term trends. A good example of this is GDP (linked below). If you measure GDP growth over very short periods, it goes all over the place; but if you use a moving average over a longer period like a year, a much smoother pattern forms, clearly showing periods of prosperity and recession; and then if you use a moving average over even longer periods like decades, you can see the long-run trend in productivity growth. The answer is therefore f alse ; if you use a smaller number of periods for your moving average, it will pick up more of the random short-run fluctuations and therefore less of the long-run trend.

Texture stimulates Lennie in a way that it overrides his limited capacity for rational thinking. Once he is in contact with something that feels soft to the touch, Lennie reverts to a primitive, almost primal behavior quite similar to the engagement that is felt during sexual arousal. The difference is that someone who can keep control of their emotions would be able to snap out of such sense of arousal (albeit quite difficultly) and move on to do something else.  Lennie, on the other hand, locks-in his emotion and continues to build upon it, to the point in which his physical activity overrides everything else. His impulses take control of him.  It is because of this issue with texture that Lennie and George end up in Soledad in the first place. Lennie inappropriately touched a girl's dress when they were living in the town of Weed. Like it always happens, Lennie would not let go of it. It comes to no surprise that the girl felt completely awkward about the situation and wanted to...

Scout does not approve of the Dewey Method or collaborative learning, showing that she is intelligent and opinionated. When Scout starts school, she already knows how to read.  She and the rest of the sixth grade find their teacher Miss Caroline’s methods truly baffling.  This includes reading the class a story about talking cats.  By the time Mrs. Cat called the drugstore for an order of chocolate malted mice the class was wriggling like a bucketful of catawba worms. Miss Caroline seemed unaware that the ragged, denim-shirted and floursack-skirted first grade, most of whom had chopped cotton and fed hogs from the time they were able to walk, were immune to imaginative literature. (Ch. 2)  Scout’s teacher has no idea what to do with her.  She was not expecting to have a student in her first grade class who could already read and write in cursive.  She was expecting to teach them all the alphabet.  She feels threatened by Scout, and Scout feels puzzled and irritated with her.  She does ...

Key themes O'Connor explores in this story are grace and redemption. Despite a comic opening as an all-American 1950s family vacation saga, events in this tale soon turn grim. When the family car lands in a ditch on a deserted road, The Misfit, a killer on the loose, emerges with his gang. They begin killing the family members, finally leaving only the Grandmother. The Grandmother has been a flawed, annoying character since the start of the story, manipulative, racist, difficult to get along with, and more than anyone else, responsible for the family's dire predicament. Yet even this flawed woman is open to God's grace. She receives it at the point of death, when the Misfit comes out of the woods, wearing her son's shirt. Probably because he is wearing the shirt, she is able to see him as a human being, just like her son, and for a moment they connect: His voice seemed about to crack and the grandmother's head cleared for an instant. She saw the man's face twist...

This is a fascinating question, especially when one views the history of political philosophy in the context of the political systems that prevailed during the exact time that varying philosophies were being put forward. For example in ancient China, the political philosophy of Confucius was generally thought to be in support of the imperial rule extant during the fifth century B.C. (though many factions throughout China vied for power, and warfare was a constant during his lifetime). Confucius advocated for placing the most moral and conscientious rulers in positions of power, from emperors on down to court officials, regional authorities, local authorities, bureaucrats, religious officials, etc. He counseled all members of society, be they children in relation to their parents or peasants in relation to their landlords, to conduct themselves with respect and courtesy (this was meant to cut both ways). He advocated for correct behavior, correct language, correct social manners, polite...

Since the Celts were an agrarian people, animals were central to Celtic life. Thus, animals such as the wild boar, deer, wolf, and raven figured prominently in Celtic mythology and folklore. For example, the raven was said to be a symbol for Morrigan, the goddess of war. It was believed that she often frequented the fields of battle disguised in the form of a raven. In Celtic lore, the raven was a symbol of death and destruction; it was considered a bad omen to see a flock of ravens fly across the sky on the eve of a battle. In the aftermath of battle, however, ravens or carrion birds were a familiar sight to warriors; indeed, the Celts were a war-like people. They also practiced what was called ornithomancy, where ravens were used by priests to divine the future. So, the raven figured prominently in Celtic folklore and mythology because it was central to the warrior culture of the Celts. Another animal that figured prominently in this war-like culture was the boar, a symbol of physica...

The Spanish and English had some of the same motivations.  They were both motivated by the desire to gain riches.  They were both motivated by the desire to win glory for their countries.  However, there were also differences.  The Spanish appear to have been motivated by religion more than the English were.  The English, on the other hand, were more interested in having an outlet for their excess population. The other two things that you are asking about are very much connected to one another.  The strategies that they used dictated their relationships with the indigenous people.  The Spanish strategy for colonizing the Americas was essentially to have a few Spanish people control and culturally influence a large number of indigenous people.  By contrast, the English strategy was to flood an area with white settlers and push the natives out.  This, of course, determined their relationships with the indigenous people.  One book from which I teach ( Out of Many by John Mack Faragher, e...

A solution is a liquid mixture consisting of a solvent (the liquid) and a dissolved substance (the solute). The solute particles are uniformly distributed throughout a solution.  There are many examples of solutions which can be found in a grocery store.  In the Pharmacy section: 1. Saline solution is sold as a wound cleanser.  2. Hydrogen peroxide is sold in an aqueous solution. (Aqueous solutions are those in which the solute is water.) 3. Alcohol is also sold as an aqueous solution. 4. Various medicines (such as cough syrup) are sold as solutions. In the food section: 5. Syrup is a solution of sugar and colorants in water. 6. Vodka is a solution of ethanol in water.  7. Pulpless juice beverages are aqueous solutions. (Juices with pulp are considered suspensions, not solutions). 8. Flavored oils are solutions (eg. spicy peanut oil or garlic oil). 9. Soda pops are solutions of water, sugar, carbon dioxide and flavors/colors. 10. Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid and water.

All of these are answered from the same basic principle. The p-value, in essence, gives the probability that the sample mean you obtained occurred by chance assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. A small p-value indicates that getting such a sample is unlikely. We compare the p-value to ` alpha ` , which is our confidence level.` alpha ` is the likelihood of committing a Type I error -- rejecting a true null hypothesis. If the p-value is less than alpha we are provided evidence that the sample obtained would not have happened by chance and thus we should reject the null hypothesis. Given `alpha=.05: ` (a) If ` .03<p<.05 ` we would have rejected the null hypothesis. Since we did not reject the null hypothesis, p>.05 (b) Sure. Since p>.05 we would not reject the null-hypothesis. (c) No. The p-value is a probability and thus `0<=p<=1 `

M. Jourdain in Moliere's play  Le Bourgeois gentilhomme famously said: "Par ma foi! il y a plus de quarante ans que je dis de la prose sans que j'en susse rien." (By Jove! I've been speaking prose for over forty years without knowing it!) Any discourse that is not poetry is prose and thus prose includes ordinary speech. In literature, we distinguish between fiction and nonfiction, with fiction being prose about imaginary events and nonfiction discussing real events. Fictional or creative prose works can be divided by length into novels, novellas and short stories. Prose works meant to be performed on stage are called dramas or plays, although dramas can be written in either prose or verse.  Nonfiction is categorized by subject matter. A work written about one's own life is an autobiography, but a work about someone else's life is a biography. Textbooks, essays, scholarly books, history, reviews, blog posts, journalism, and many other types of writing are ...

The son of my father’s uncle is called my first cousin once removed.  This is because he is my father’s first cousin and I am one generation removed from the generation that they are in. My father’s uncle is the brother of my father’s father. His son is my father’s first cousin. They share a common grandfather, thus making them first cousins.  By the rules of how we name relationships, this makes me and my father’s cousin first cousins as well.  However, we are not of the same generation.  Instead, I am one generation removed from them.  Therefore, we are first cousins once removed. Now, if my father’s uncle’s son has a child, that child and I are not first cousins.  Instead, we are defined as second cousins because our common ancestor is our mutual great-grandfather.

Abigail's disappearance makes plain her dishonesty and deceptiveness, something the courts have been unwilling to see up until now.  She lies to her uncle, telling him that she'll be spending the night at her friend, Mercy Lewis's, house -- Mercy tells the same lie at her house -- and then Abigail robs her uncle blind.  Before boarding a ship, she breaks into Reverend Parris's strongbox, and steals his life's savings.  It begins to look as though Abigail is not the righteous, holy, instrument of God the courts initially believed her to be; instead, she appears to be a conniving and deceitful young woman, determined to serve herself and get out of Salem before the tide turns against her. Abigail's dishonesty casts doubt on the accusations she has made thus far.  Her disappearance is just one of many reasons, however, that Reverend Parris and Mr. Hale beg Deputy Governor Danforth to postpone the hangings.  Despite the many reasons to delay, Danforth refuses, insis...

Technology was a factor that contributed to the rapid industrialization of America. In the period following the Civil War, technology played a very large role in the industrialization of America.  For example, the technology behind the Bessemer process contributed to rapid economic growth.  The Bessemer process helped to produce vast quantities of steel in an inexpensive manner. This steel became an invaluable resource in industrialization. Technology in the form of transportation helped to economically transform America, as well.  The development of the Transcontinental Railroad unified the nation through the railways.  The result was that goods could be easily transported across America and this helped to facilitate industrialization in America. Another technological advancement that helped to industrialize the nation was in Henry Ford's embrace of the assembly line.  This method increased production of automobiles while maximizing efficiency.  Finally, Edison's invention of ...

The United States and the Soviet Union were in a period of confrontation and competition after World War II ended. This was known as the Cold War. Both countries had a very different view of how an economy and a political system should operate. The Soviet Union believed in communism. In a communist economy, the government controls many things. The government makes most major economic decisions. For example, the government decides how resources are to be allocated and used. In a communist political system, there is little to no democracy. Free elections are rare. People have few rights. Speaking against the government or against government policies is not encouraged and may lead to serious punishment. The United States has a democratic political system and a capitalistic economic system. In our political system, there are free elections. People are encouraged to voice their opinions, even if they are different from the government’s viewpoint. In our economic system, private citizens mak...

The decision to accept banishment is one of the most revealing moments where Lord Rama follows the path of dharma. Lord Rama is the embodiment of "dharma."  He lives his life in accordance to "the right way."  Dharma is the structure that guides his actions and forms the basis of the universe.  This is most evident in his willing acceptance of exile into the forest for fourteen years. Kaikeyi, the mother of Bharata, is worried that King Dasaratha, Rama's father, is going to make Rama successor.  Encouraged by her maid, Manthara, Kaikeyi insists that King Dasaratha honor a promise he made to her years ago that he would grant her a boon.  Kaikeyi reminds King Dasaratha of his promise and says that he must banish his beloved son, Lord Rama, to the forest for 14 years, and make Bharata king.  Broken and despondent, the King agrees. It is clear that such a punishment is unjust.  Lord Rama did nothing to deserve exile.  Inheriting the throne was not only his birthrigh...

McCarthyism refers to the time period in the early 1950s when Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin claimed there were communists in all levels of our government. After World War II ended, fears arose that the communists had infiltrated our government. Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury. When Igor Gouzenko defected to Canada, he said that communists were trying to infiltrate our and Canada’s government. The Loyalty Review Program, which was developed to determine if government employees were loyal to our country, led to some people losing their jobs. Senator McCarthy began to hold hearings to investigate these concerns. He intimidated and bullied witnesses. He would wave a handful of papers in his hand, claiming he had the names of many people who were communist or who supported the communists. People were afraid to challenge him because he would claim they also were communist. This could ruin a person’s reputation. When McCarthy claimed there were communists in the army, an attorney...

The purpose of a poem is to express a theme or create a mood.  In Shelley's "Ozymandias," the theme becomes clear with the last lines: "My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:  Look on my works, ye Mighty an despair!" Nothing beside remains.  Round the deay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away. Ozymandias is probably a reference to the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II, who built impressive statues, pyramids, and kingdoms.  His proud boast, which is written on the ruins of a statue of him, is a vain and an empty one because nothing remains of his works.  With the exception of these broken ruins, all has disappeared into the sand.  Shelley shows us man's attempt to immortalize himself through his works.  But he shows that such attempts are futile.  Time and nature ("sand" symbolizing both) will eventually overcome all our works, no matter how great and impressive the works once were.   Correlated with Ozymandia...

None of the residents of the Annex can wear shoes during the day.   The people in hiding cannot wear shoes because they would make too much noise.  The Annex is a hidden room over a business, so there are people there all day.  During the day, someone below might hear them.  So no one can wear shoes, except at night.  MR. FRANK. … To Anne and Peter. Anne, Peter ... it's best that you take off your shoes now, before you forget. He leads the way to the room, followed by Margot. (Act 1, Scene 2)  Mr. Frank tells Anne that being in the annex has “certain advantages” for her because she will never have to go outside, so she never has to wear overshoes.  She had gotten into an argument with her mother about overshoes, so her father is trying to point out the silver lining of being in hiding.  Because there are people below during the day, they have to make as little noise as possible.  Mr. Frank is the one who regulates when they can resume normal activities. The rest of the "family...

In “The Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket,” Tom Benecke takes one major physical risk.  He takes a major risk when he chooses to go out on to the ledge and try to retrieve the paper that has blown out the window.  When he does this, he is risking death. We could also say that Tom takes other risks in this story.  We could say that he is risking his marriage by being so involved in his work.  At the beginning of the story, Tom is going to stay home and work while his wife goes out to the movie alone.  It is possible that his wife would get tired of being, in a sense, abandoned by her husband.  By working so hard to fulfill his career ambitions, Tom might be putting his marriage in danger. While Tom might be risking his marriage by working too much, the real risk in this story is the risk to his life.  When the paper blows out the window, it lands on a ledge.  Tom estimates that the ledge is something like a foot wide.  As the story says, The ledge, he saw, measuring it with his eye, was...

As the novel progresses, Jem develops a more compassionate and protective attitude towards his sister. Following Tom Robinson's trial, Jem and the children witness racial injustice firsthand and lose their childhood innocence. Although Jem is jaded, he develops a sense of empathy for others and becomes more compassionate. In Chapter 23, Aunt Alexandra tells Scout that she cannot play with Walter Cunningham Jr. because she considers Walter to be "trash." Scout is visibly upset, and Jem comes to her aid. He stops Scout from retaliating by guiding her into his room and giving her a Tootsie Roll. Jem's attempt to comfort his sister depicts his compassion for Scout. In Chapter 28, Jem walks Scout to Maycomb's Halloween Festival and watches as Scout staggers onto the stage late during the pageant. When Jem sees Scout, he tries to make her feel better by telling Scout that she just came out a little late. Scout mentions, " Jem was becoming almost as good as Atticus...

Hamlet suggests that his condition is caused by various factors in his 'To be or not to be' soliloquy in scene 1, Act III. In this dramatic monologue, he rhetorically asks who, in his right mind, would be able to bear all the burdens and heartache that life imposes upon him. He compares such a situation to being in purgatory - caught between heaven and hell. He specifically mentions that one of the most painful conditions that one has to bear is to suffer the pain of unrequited love. He states, in part: ...For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,  Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,  The pangs of despis'd love , the law's delay,  The insolence of office, and the spurns  That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,  When he himself might his quietus make  With a bare bodkin?... The burden, to him, should be too great to bear and one should, therefore, choose suicide as a release from such pain and anguish. He suggests, however, that suc...

One quote that describes Oakland Athletics' Billy Beane as a smart general manager relates to his resourcefulness. Moneyball highlights baseball's financial landscape. Teams that play in large media and consumer markets like the Boston Red Sox or the New York Yankees are part of baseball's upper class because of their financial position. At the same time, small-market teams like the Oakland Athletics are at a competitive disadvantage because they lack financial resources. In order for Oakland's general manager Billy Beane to put forth a quality team, he had to be resourceful. He had to harvest data and look for value where he could find it. This was not the only part of his daunting task to make Oakland a competitive baseball team. Beane also had to communicate his vision to athletes and executives who were operating under outdated paradigms. This required a specific skill set that makes him a great general manager:   It was hard to know which of Billy's qualities ...

In linguistics, intonation refers to a change in the pitch, timing, or volume of speech in order to signal an intent of the speaker's. Intonation can provide the attitude or emotion of the speaker, emphasize specific words or parts of sentences, and differentiate between statements and questions. English speakers most commonly use intonation by stressing words or syllables within a word. One way intonation in English expresses meaning is by expressing the attitude of the speaker; for example, ending a question on a fall in pitch, rather than the typical rise in pitch, expresses a more demanding and less friendly attitude. Intonation can also be a sign of when a speaker has finished; individuals conversing with each other typically express that they have finished speaking by lowering pitch and reducing volume at the end of a sentence.

Foua is the mother of the main subject of the book, Lia Lee. She fights to heal her daughter using traditional Hmong remedies, and resists modern Western medicine. Unfortunately, she ends up losing her daughter to a coma. Lia Lee ended up passing away years after the book was published. This, obviously, is the most significant loss Foua sustains in the book. The other significant loss is the loss (to her and her family) of her home country of Laos. Foua does keep something very important throughout the events of the book. She is able to keep her dignity despite great hardship and adversity. Not only does she lose her daughter, she nearly loses her culture. Her strength in the face of adversity allows her to hold onto this, at least. 

Before his surgery, Charlie Gordon was very happy with his life. He had a job and thought of his coworkers as his friends. He also attended evening classes and appreciated the kindness and interest of his teacher, Miss Kinnian. He hoped that if anything, the surgery would make him more intelligent so that he would be better in conversation and make more friends. After his surgery, Charlie is initially disappointed that the effects of the operation are not immediate. However, he continues to work and attend classes and finds himself rapidly growing more competent. Though he is pleased that he is able to beat Algernon in some challenges, he has also become far more aware and self-reflective. He begins to realize that his "friends" at work have been making fun of him, and remembers the difficult childhood he had growing up. He is even fired from his job when he tries to point out that a coworker has been stealing. He struggles to socialize and soon begins to experience the decli...

Chemical changes involve a change in the chemical composition of the material/s involved. Physical changes, on the other hand, do not include any change in the chemical composition of the material. A phase change is a common example of a physical change. A chemical reaction (say, oxidation, hydrolysis, etc.) is a common example of chemical change.  Let us take a look at each statement, one by one. A change in temperature causes phase change, which is a physical change. An increase in temperature causes a solid substance to melt and a liquid to vaporize. Since the chemical composition is the same, it is not a chemical change; statement A is not correct. Extensive properties are those that are dependent on the size or quantity of the material. Examples of extensive properties are mass, volume, length, etc. Physical properties are independent of the extensive properties. 1 gm of water vaporizes at 100 degrees C, as does 1 l of water. Similarly, chemical changes can also be independent of ...

In my opinion, Isabel's strongest traits are compassion, determination and bravery.  All three of these traits help her to overcome obstacles. First, Isabel is compassionate.  The best example of this is that Isabel takes great risks to deliver food and supplies to Bridewell prison in order to aid the rebel prisoners who reside there after the Battle at Fort Washington.  Isabel is also compassionate when she saves Lady Seymour (and her coveted picture of Mr. Seymour) from the house fire. Instead of becoming bitter in being a slave, Isabel overcomes this obstacle by serving others through her compassion. Next, Isabel is determined (from the very beginning of the book) to keep herself and her sister, Ruth, together.  When the two are separated (when Ruth is sent away to Charleston), Ruth continues her determination to find Ruth.  The reader can see Isabel's determination even into the last moments of the novel when Isabel (who is finally free) and Curzon leave for Charleston in o...

After Samuel Hamilton dies, Adam attends his funeral in Salinas, and after a few drinks in a bar he decides to visit Kate’s brothel. Upon arriving, he finds that he can see her for the first time: he notes her “wide-set eyes narrowed with cruelty” and “protruding belly,” physical changes that seem to symbolize her evil nature coming to the surface. All around him is Kate’s domain, and what a place it is—the girls are manipulated by drugs supplied by Kate, and the men who come are humiliated and blackmailed. Under the influence of alcohol, Kate toys with him; she simultaneously degrades him and makes promises that Adam would have once been susceptible to. When Adam appears to be unmoved and only smiles despite her best efforts, she plays her trump card: that she had slept with Charles, and so the twins might not be Adam’s sons. Ironically, this effort to break Adam only prompts an epiphany: “‘It wouldn’t matter—even if it were true,’ he said. ‘It wouldn’t matter at all.’” To this, Kate ...

This quote is significant because it represents Iago's efforts to convince Othello that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona. Because Cassio is supposedly involved with Desdemona behind Othello's back, Iago asserts that the apparently trusty lieutenant is not what he seems. It's worth noting this passage is terribly, tragically ironic, as Iago uses deception to convince Othello that Cassio is deceiving the general and is not what he seems to be. In that case, it is actually Iago who is not the person he seems to be, as he is truly a manipulative villain masquerading as a trusted advisor. Meanwhile, Cassio is exactly what he seems to be: an honorable friend and soldier. As such, more than any other part of the play, this statement underlines the tragic reality of Othello's downfall. 

There are several ways to answer the question of why an author wrote something, and with a writer like Bradbury, there may be more answers than with some others. To start, Bradbury was a professional writer. Writing is what he did. I know that sounds basic, but never leave out the option of writing for money. A second reason Bradbury wrote this is that he consciously and intentionally wrote a lot of short stories, to teach himself how to write. For an extended period, he wrote a short story every week. That’s 52 a year. A third and more substantial reason can be seen in the title. Bradbury explicitly studied classic pieces of writing, and this story is a modern, technologized fictional version of Sarah Teasdale’s poem “There Will Come Soft Rain,” which also evokes a world that goes on after humanity dies. A fourth reason is seen throughout his work: Bradbury was deeply concerned with how various kinds of technology were dehumanizing human life or replacing people. You can see this in “...

On the surface, the difference between "good" knights and "bad" knights in Malory's  Le Morte d'Arth ur depends on those knights' adherence to the chivalrous code, the code of ethical behavior that a knight errant was supposed to follow. Knights errant were, ideally, knights that traveled the countryside looking to perform chivalrous acts. In general, the knights of the Round Table were supposed to be knights errant. Knights errant stood in contrast to knights who sought personal glory or gain from their actions. Such knights fought for their own purposes and did not follow the chivalrous code. Sometimes these "bad" knights were knights that were fighting against the king; or knights that took women against their will; or knights that killed other knights by magic or treachery; or knights that did not treat fallen enemies with courtesy or mercy, as dictated by the chivalrous code. The problem with Malory's depiction of the knights errant i...

One change that I am quite certain that I would like to make is that I would have the film show what Patrick says to Mary. In Dahl's short story, the reader never gets to know exactly what Patrick says that upsets and stuns Mary so much.  It's obviously something that ends the marriage.  I think a film version should script out that scene.  It would help paint Patrick as the bad guy a bit more, and it would increase our sympathies for Mary.   The other change that I would make would be to have Mary's unborn child already born.  Mary is already a sympathetic character to begin with because she is pregnant.  But all viewers would get to see is Mary worried about herself.  Based on the text, she is worried about her unborn baby, but that would be difficult to show on screen.   On the other hand, what about the child? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill then both-mother and child? Or did they wait until the tenth month? What did they do? Mary ...