The son of my father’s uncle is called my first cousin once removed. This is because he is my father’s first cousin and I am one generation removed from the generation that they are in.
My father’s uncle is the brother of my father’s father. His son is my father’s first cousin. They share a common grandfather, thus making them first cousins. By the rules of how we name relationships, this makes me and my father’s cousin first cousins as well. However, we are not of the same generation. Instead, I am one generation removed from them. Therefore, we are first cousins once removed.
Now, if my father’s uncle’s son has a child, that child and I are not first cousins. Instead, we are defined as second cousins because our common ancestor is our mutual great-grandfather.
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