Notes

Amphibians have a three-chambered heart comprised of one ventricle and two atria. Thus, amphibians have a left and right atrium but a single large ventricle. This is different from mammals that have a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles. The ventricle in amphibians is partially separated due to some space left along the separating wall. Blood from the ventricle has two pathways: it can either flow through the pulmonary artery heading to the lungs or through the aorta to the rest of the body. Blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs flows back to the heart through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium. Deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body flows back to the heart through the sinus venosus and into the right atrium. The left and right atria empty both the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood into the ventricle. The amphibian circulatory system is not as effective as that of mammals in keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flowing separately, but the sy...

Percy actually does not have ADHD.  This is something Annabeth explains to him once he arrives at Camp Half-Blood.  He's always been told that he has dyslexia, but Annabeth explains that he does not; it's just that his brain his hard-wired for ancient Greek writing, and so 21st-century American English simply doesn't compute correctly.  Also, Percy's always been described as impulsive and had a hard time sitting still in the classroom, but Annabeth explains that these are his "battle-field reflexes" and not a lack of impulse control at all.  Finally, Annabeth tells Percy that another reason he seems to have attention problems is that he sees more than the average mortal, not less.  This is another reason he's been told he has ADHD.  She claims that most of the teachers are monsters, and this is one major reason that they'd want Percy on ADHD medicine: they don't want him to be able to see them for what they really are.

In Act III, Scene 1, Romeo claims that Juliet's beauty (he never says love, but it is implied) has rendered him effeminate. He refers to himself as unmanly because he did not stand up for himself when he was challenged by Tybalt. Instead, Mercutio steps in and fights Tybalt, mistaking Romeo's behavior for cowardice. Romeo has just been married to Juliet, Tybalt's cousin, and fighting the Capulet is the furthest thing from his mind. He even tells Tybalt that he loves him. All the while, Mercutio's anger is rising and he and Tybalt end up fighting, which leads to Mercutio's death when Romeo attempts to intercede. At first, the Montague men do not believe that Mercutio is hurt badly, as he continues joking, but when he turns up dead, Romeo is grief stricken, saying, This gentleman, the Prince’s near ally, My very friend, hath got this mortal hurt In my behalf. My reputation stained With Tybalt’s slander—Tybalt, that an hour Hath been my cousin! O sweet Juliet, Thy beau...

The English Bill of Rights was enacted in 1689 after the overthrow of Charles the II, in what is known as "The Glorious Revolution." Charles the II alienated nearly everyone in England at the time of his reign, primarily because of his efforts to Catholicize the nation. In response, the members of parliament secretly encouraged a Dutch prince, to overthrow him. William of Orange successfully led his fleet against the English sovereign and Charles the II fled the country. After William of Orange came to power, members of parliament decided they should have a document listing their rights so that their new ruler would have reasonable limits placed upon him. The English Bill of Rights provides the following: The suspension of laws and dispensing with laws by the crown without consent of Parliament is illegal; Commission for ecclesiastical causes is illegal; Implementing taxes without grant of Parliament is illegal; Subjects of the realm have the right to petition the king. It is...

Squids have 10 appendages, 8 arms and 2 tentacles. These vary slightly in appearance and in use. The two long tentacles have suckers (the small round disks most cephalapods use to grasp surfaces and prey) only on the end creating a sort of hand. These are used to take hold of and catch prey. Some even have sharp edges to their ends allowing them to hook into prey for a better grip. On males, one tentacle will be slightly longer than the other. This tentacle is used for sperm delivery and some species will tear off this limb and hand it to the female to be used when needed.  The 8 long arms have suckers running along their entire length. As these are shorter than tentacles they are not for catching prey but mainly for holding the prey towards the mouth after the prey has already been caught. Some species, such as the colossal squid, have hooks running along their tentacles as well for an extra grip. 

Recall a binomial series  follows:  `(1+x)^k=sum_(n=0)^oo _(k(k-1)(k-2)...(k-n+1))/(n!)x^n` or `(1+x)^k = 1 + kx + (k(k-1))/(2!) x^2 + (k(k-1)(k-2))/(3!)x^3 +(k(k-1)(k-2)(k-3))/(4!)x^4+` ... To evaluate given function `f(x) =1/(2+x)^3` , we may apply  `2+x = 2(1+x/2)` . The function becomes: `f(x) =1/(2(1+x/2))^3` Apply Law of Exponents: `(x*y)^n = x^n*y^n` at the denominator side. `1/(2(1+x/2))^3=1/(2^3(1+x/2)^3)`                 `= 1/(8(1+x/2)^3)` Apply Law of Exponents: `1/x^n = x^(-n)` . `f(x) = 1/8(1+x/2)^(-3)` Apply the binomial series on `(1+x/2)^(-3)` . By comparing "`(1+x)^k` " with "`(1+x/2)^(-3)` " the corresponding values are: `x=x/2 ` and` k =-3` Then, `(1+x/2)^(-3) =sum_(n=0)^oo _((-3)(-3-1)(-3-2)...(-3-n+1))/(n!)(x/2)^n` ` =1 + (-3)x/2 + ((-3)(-3-1))/(2!) (x/2)^2 + ((-3)(-3-1)(-3-2))/(3!)(x/2)^3 +((-3)(-3-1)(-3-2)(-3-3))/(4!)(x/2)^4+...` ` =1 -(3x)/2 + ((-3)(-4))/(2!) (x^2/4) + ((-3)(-4)(-5))/(3!)(x^3/8) +((-3)(-4)(-5)(-6))/(4!)(x^4/16)-` ... ` =1 -(3...

Given to solve `int (x^3+2x^2+3x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) dx` but first we have to find this `(x^3+2x^2+3x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) ` = `(x^3+2x^2+2x+x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) ` = `(x(x^2+2x+2)+x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2)` =`(x(x^2+2x+2))/((x^2+2x+2)^2)+(x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2)` = `x/(x^2+2x+2) +(x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2)` `(x^3+2x^2+3x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) = x/(x^2+2x+2) + (x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) ` Integrating both sides we get: `int (x^3+2x^2+3x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) dx = int x/(x^2+2x+2) dx + int (x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) dx` first let us solve, ` int x/(x^2+2x+2) dx` = `int (x+1-1)/((x+1)^2+1) dx` `int (x+1)/((x+1)^2+1) dx +int (-1)/((x+1)^2+1) dx` as we know ` int u/(u^ +1) dx= (ln(u^2+1))/2` and `int 1/(u^2+1)dx=tan^(-1) u ` so , `int x/(x^2+2x+2) dx` =`int (x+1)/((x+1)^2+1) dx -int (1)/((x+1)^2+1) dx` =`(ln((x+1)^2+1))/2 -tan^(-1) (x+1) `  and now we have to solve , ` int (x-2)/((x^2+2x+2)^2) dx` this can be solved by integration by parts so, `int uv'= uv-int u'v` let` u= x-2 and v' = 1/((x^2+2x+2)^2)` =>` u' = ...

From the Power Series table for trigonometric function, we have: `sin(x) =sum_(n=0)^oo (-1)^n x^(2n+1)/((2n+1)!)`              `= x -x^3/(3!) +x^5/(5!) - x^7/(7!) +...` Applying it on the integral `int_0^1 sin(x)/x dx` where the integrand is `f(x)=sin(x)/x`, we get: `int_0^1 sin(x)/x dx = int_0^1 sin(x)*1/x dx`                  `=int_0^1 sum_(n=0)^oo (-1)^n x^(2n+1)/((2n+1)!) *1/xdx`                    `=int_0^1sum_(n=0)^oo (-1)^n x^(2n+1)/((2n+1)!) *x^(-1)dx`                    ` =int_0^1sum_(n=0)^oo (-1)^n x^(2n+1-1)/((2n+1)!) dx`                    ` =int_0^1sum_(n=0)^oo (-1)^n x^(2n)/((2n+1)!) dx`                    `=int_0^1 [1 -x^2/(3!) +x^4/(5!) - x^6/(7!) +...] dx`  Or  `int_0^1 sin(x)/x dx =int_0^1 sin(x)/x dx`                    `=int_0^1 1/x* [x -x^3/(3!) +x^5/(5!) - x^7/(7!) +...] dx`                     `= int_0^1 [x/x -x^3/(3!x) +x^5/(5!x) - x^7/(7!x) +...] dx`                     `=int_0^1 [1 -x^2/(3!) +x^4/(5!) - x^6/(7!) +...] dx` To determine the indefinite integral, ...

In Novel Without a Name , author Duong Thu Huong characterizes Quan, Bien, and Luong as having been friends since childhood and all joining the war together, feeling proud to fight for the sake of the Communist Party. Yet, despite their unity as childhood friends who share the same Communist ideological beliefs, they have very separate experiences during the war though all three can't bear to let go of their hopes for glory. Duong uses the characters' separate experiences and hopes for glory to show the devastation and futility of the war. Luong develops into the classic Communist soldier--all he says and does is for the sake of the Party. Due to his continued devotion to the party, Luong was quickly moved up the ranks to the position of deputy to Quan's commander. Similarly, Quan rises to chief and remains dedicated to the war effort throughout the book even though he becomes disillusioned with the war. Bien suffers the worse fate of them all. Plagued with post-trau...

In Part 2 of The Pilgrim's Progress, Christiana decides to follow her husband and join him in heaven. People warn her that the journey will be dangerous, but she is determined to go. She and her four sons begin following Christian’s example. As Christiana is leaving the City of Destructions, a pretty woman, named Mercy, from the town joins the travelers. They go through the Slough of Despond to reach the Wicket Gate, which is the entrance to the Holy Way. This narrow and straight path will take them to Mount Zion. Christiana and the young men are admitted, but Mercy temporarily is left outside. Finally the gatekeeper admits her as well, and the six start on the Holy Way. Christiana and Mercy are attacked by men who try to rape them, but they are rescued by some other visitors at the Wicket Gate. The attackers escape to Satan’s garden. When they reach the Interpreter’s House, the Interpreter has Great-heart, a powerful Christian warrior, join them in order to protect them on the re...

Montag and his wife, Mildred, have three parlor walls in their home. The parlor walls are essentially wall-sized television screens. Mildred is obsessed with watching the parlor walls and participates in the interactive episodes that she watches. Mildred refers to the actors and actresses in her shows as "the family" and even plays a small role during each episode. At the beginning of the novel, Mildred petitions Montag for a fourth wall. Montag tries to explain to Mildred that it will cost him at least one-third of his yearly salary, but Mildred insists that they can make it work by doing without a few things. Montag then mentions that they are already in a difficult financial situation because they just had their third wall installed two months earlier.

When Jonas learns that he will be Receiver of Memory, he is surprised.  He hears about the Capacity to See Beyond, which means that he has special powers. At first he is not sure, but then he sees the faces of the crowd change and realizes he does have it.  Does he have courage and wisdom too? Jonas is concerned when he begins his training because he knows that he will experience pain.  He has heard that it is part of the training, but his community usually does not experience pain.  As soon as someone gets hurt he or she takes a medication which eliminates the pain immediately.  This will not be available to Jonas during his training.  Jonas knows he is supposed to be courageous, but he has doubts that he will be, at first. Jonas is surprised when at first he feels no pain.  He eventually asks The Giver about the pain he has been expecting. The man sighed. "I started you with memories of pleasure. My previous failure gave me the wisdom to do that." He took a few deep breaths...

To solve the given equation `7^(3x)=18` , we may take "ln" on both sides of the equation. `ln(7^(3x))=ln(18)` Apply natural logarithm property:` ln (x^n) = n*ln (x)` . `3xln(7)=ln(18)` Divide both sides by `3ln(7)` . `(3xln(7))/(3ln(7))=(ln(18))/(3ln(7))` `x=(ln(18))/(3ln(7))` `x= (ln(18))/(ln(343))or 0.495` (approximated value). Checking: Plug-in `x=0.495` on `7^(3x)=18` . `7^(3*0.495)=?18` `7^(1.485)=?18` `17.99 ~~18`   TRUE Thus, the  `x=(ln(18))/(3ln(7))` is the real exact solution of the equation `7^(3x)=18` .

Hello! Isolate a variable means to get it alone, or, in other words, solve for it. To achieve this, we can perform some operations on both sides of an equation, which lead to an equivalent equation. For example, we can add the same value to both sides, or multiply by the same nonzero value. Solving this equation for `P` is simple, just divide both sides by `(1+i)^n:` `A/(1+i)^n = P,` or `P=A(1+i)^(-n).` Probably a more difficult task is to solve for `n.` For this, divide by `P:`  `A/P=(1+i)^n.` Now we have to apply logarithm: `ln(A/P)=ln((1+i)^n)=n ln(1+i).` So  `n=ln(A/P)/(ln(1+i)).` Or, for `i,`  `ln(1+i)=(ln(A/P))/n,` so  `i=e^((ln(A/P))/n)-1.` Which can be simplified to `i = (A/P)^(1/n) - 1`

Quantum numbers are theoretical expressions representing certain quantum mechanical properties of sub-atomic particles, atoms, or molecules.  In atoms and electrons, quantum numbers are used to describe the orbitals in atoms, mathematical representations of the likelihood of finding electrons in a given space. There are four quantum numbers: Principal quantum number (n) - is generally related to the size of the orbital, or the distance of the electron from the nucleus. This also correspond to the energy level. Allowed values from n are 1, 2, 3, ... and where an increasing number of n refer to an increasing size or distance. Angular quantum number (l) - describes the shape of the orbital. Orbitals can be spherical (s), can contain two lobes with a node in the middle (p), or four equally-spaced lobes with a node in the center (d), among others. These shapes correspond to a number: s is 0, p is 1, d is 2, f is 3, g is 4, ... Allowed numbers for this quantum number are 0 up to n-1. Hence, ...

While some of Freud's theories are accepted today, one could argue that Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, is the most controversial figure in psychology (though he was actually a psychiatrist, or medical doctor). Freud uncovered the role of the subconscious in everyday behavior; for example, the slips of the tongue that people make that express their true thoughts are known as "Freudian slips." He also analyzed the way in which dreams are expressions of our subconscious desires and conflicts, and he brought to the fore the sexual repressions and desires that people harbor. Many of his theories are very controversial today, though, and several have actually been discredited. For example, he came to believe that people's reports of widespread sexual abuse were fantasies that arose from the Oedipal complex (a child's desire to kill off his or her same-sex parent and marry the parent of the opposite sex). In addition, he believed that girls have what he called ...

In literature, a "hook" is the part of a story that grabs the reader's attention. Usually found in a book's opening scene, the hook serves to pull the reader into the world of the novel and keep them reading, as they want to know what's going to happen next. Neil Gaiman's The Graveyard Book starts not by introducing a character or setting, but rather by introducing a knife. Right from the beginning, you know this is a story in which threats are real, and the anticipation of what's going to happen keeps you reading. As the chapter continues, readers are introduced to Jack, the man who wields the knife, who has killed the entire family living in a home he's invaded, except for the youngest child. We enter the story as he's moving to murder the baby, but, as we find out, the baby is not in the crib. The hook, surprisingly, is not the murder; that takes place before the story begins. Instead, the hook is the mystery of where the baby has gone, why it...

In Medieval times, there were people called Manciples, whose specific job it was to buy and store food for different types of institutions, including schools, monasteries, and Inns. In Chaucer's "Tales," the character of the Manciple works for over 30 lawyers at the Inn of Court. It is his job to keep people alive through the winter, plan events, take charge of general housekeeping duties, and develop safety and health regulations; in other words, he has a very important job. In this quote, Chaucer seeks to draw attention to the character of the Manciple with regards to the consideration that he takes when making trips to the market for his masters. Because he took such care in his position, he was the first to arrive at the market, get the choicest ingredients and freshest foods, and so he did not let down the people who employed him. Not only was he organized, but he took great pride in presenting his masters with the highest quality food possible. 

`int14(x-5)^6dx` To solve, apply u-substitution method. `u=x-5` `du=dx` Expressing the integral in terms of u, it becomes `=int 14u^6 du` `=14int u^6du` To take the integral of this, apply the formula `int x^ndx=x^(n+1)/(n+1)+C` . `=14*u^7/7 + C` `=2u^7+C` And substitute back u = x-5. `=2(x-5)^7+C` Therefore, `int 14(x-5)^6dx=2(x-5)^7+C` .

Bradbury uses lyrical language to convey a mood of longing and loss in this story of a Venus where the sun only emerges once every seven years. This mood is reinforced by the personality of the main character, Margot, a sensitive, melancholy little girl whose soul's sadness seems reflected in the ever present rain. The sun in this story becomes the metaphor for all our longings and desires.  Bradbury doesn't just say it rained all the time, but describes the rain: "the sweet crystal fall of showers and the concussion of storms so heavy ... A thousand forests had been crushed." Likewise, Bradbury lingers over descriptions of the sun. It is like "gold" or a "lemon crayon," "flaming bronze" and a "warm iron."  Bradbury repeatedly uses similes and poetic language to describe this sun and this world. Rather than hurtle us forward from event to event in this story, Bradbury encourages us, through his description, to stop and to experi...

At the end of Scene 1, the Chorus sings an ode about the nature of mankind. They describe how the world contains amazing wonders, but “none more wonderful than man.” Mankind has conquered the ocean with ships, plowed the fields with horses, and tamed wild animals for work and food. Humans also have amazing powers of thought and speech. Man can express himself well and “statecraft is his.” In fact, the Chorus goes so far as to say man can deal with everything that comes his way…except death. That is the one thing over which he has no control. The ode ends with a caution, however. It praises mankind’s intelligence but warns that man is capable of both good and evil. When laws are followed, mankind progresses and builds wonderful civilizations. When laws are broken, anarchy reigns and destruction follows. The Chorus warns never to let an anarchist find welcome or rest.

This is an interesting comparison. Let's first consider the role of the Sun in "The Allegory of the Cave." Plato states that most people live life as if they are trapped in a cave, able to face one wall. They know nothing of what is behind them, let alone the world outside the cave. If one were able to unchain him/herself and get outside the cave, he would be blinded and/or totally bewildered by the Sun. The Sun represents absolute truth and that truth would be so brilliant and incomprehensible that the former cave dweller would have to struggle to understand. Most would prefer the familiarity and simplicity of life in the cave. It would take a bold, determined philosopher to make the journey to the outside: to absolute truth. Plato adds that if, once the philosopher has adjusted and learned the nature of absolute truth (the Sun), he might go back into the cave and try to enlighten the others still chained inside. However, they might take his explanation of the Sun/truth ...

Of course, my answer will be different than yours, but I would have continued the Progressive-era legislation from the pre-WWI era.  Before WWI, America regulated the meat-packing industry, pharmaceuticals, and ended child labor.  America established national parks and ended several major monopolies.  America was attempting Prohibition, but that law was filled with problems before it left the halls of Congress--it was never meant to succeed.  After WWI, America voted in presidents such as Harding and Hoover--presidents who would have been more at home during the Gilded Age when we expected less of our presidents.  While it is dangerous to think of history as being filled with "what-if" scenarios, it is interesting to think about what would have happened if the Progressive Era would have continued past WWI.  America could have regulated the rampant speculation on Wall Street and put in a minimum wage for its most vulnerable workers.  America could have also provided for the el...

The Integral test is applicable if f is positive and decreasing function on the infinite interval `[k, oo)` where` kgt= 1` and `a_n=f(x)` . Then the series `sum_(n=1)^oo a_n` converges if and only if the improper integral `int_1^oo f(x) dx` converges. If the integral diverges then the series also diverges. For the given series `sum_(n=1)^oo 1/n^(1/2)` , then `a_n = 1/n^(1/2)` then applying `a_n=f(x)` , we consider: `f(x) = 1/x^(1/2)` .   As shown on the graph of `f(x)` , the function is positive on the interval `[1,oo)` . As x at the denominator side gets larger, the function value decreases. Therefore, we may determine the convergence of the improper integral as: `int_1^oo 1/x^(1/2) = lim_(t-gtoo)int_1^t 1/x^(1/2) dx` Apply Law of exponent: `1/x^m = x^(-m)` . `lim_(t-gtoo)int_1^t 1/x^(1/2) dx =lim_(t-gtoo)int_1^t x^(-1/2) dx` Apply Power rule for integration:` int x^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1)` . `lim_(t-gtoo)int_1^t x^(-1/2) dx=lim_(t-gtoo)[ x^(-1/2+1)/(-1/2+1)]|_1^t`                       ...

At the beginning of the story, readers learn fourteen-year-old Harrison Bergeron was taken by the Handicapper General men and placed in jail. And it was in that clammy month that the H-G men took George and Hazel Bergeron's fourteen-year-old son, Harrison, away.  Later on, breaking news reveals Harrison unexpectedly escaped from jail and is on the loose. Harrison was originally put in jail because he was suspected of plotting to overthrow the government. Now that Harrison has escaped, the government is searching for him because they believe him to be a threat to the government as a whole and to society's current state of "equality."  "Harrison Bergeron, age fourteen," she said in a grackle squawk, "has just escaped from jail, where he was held on suspicion of plotting to overthrow the government. He is a genius and an athlete, is under-handicapped, and should be regarded as extremely dangerous." Considering the handicaps Harrison is required to end...

Mr. Stryver would not have been as successful without Sydney Carton. Primarily, Stryver does not have the eye for details that Carton does, as in his notice of his own similar appearance with that of Charles Darnay. This is crucial in successfully trying a crime. While Carlton is often lazy, Stryver seems to have trouble balancing his own work as well. He would often overwork himself if he were on his own, as shown by his desire to stay up all night to prepare for his court case, forcing Carton to stay up as well. Sydney Carton is often unmotivated, but when he is, he can persevere in his sense of what is right, as in his plan to change places with Darnay in prison. His knowledge of the “underworld” makes him invaluable as a source of information in determining the details and background of crimes. Carton’s inconsistency is a definite drag on Stryver, and the latter often needs to prod Carton to get to work. Overall, however, Carton is key in making the law firm a success.

`intx(3+2/x)^2dx` Let's simplify the numerator of the integral , `x(3+2/x)^2=x{3^2+2(3)(2/x)+(2/x)^2}` `=x{9+12/x+4/x^2}` `=9x+12+4/x` Now,`intx(3+2/x)^2dx=int(9x+12+4/x)dx` Apply the sum rule and take the constant's out, `=int9xdx+int12dx+int4/xdx` `=9intxdx+12intdx+4int1/xdx` Apply the power rule and use the common integral `int1/xdx=ln|x|` `=9(x^(1+1)/(1+1))+12x+4ln|x|` simplify and add a constant C to the solution, `=(9x^2)/2+12x+4ln|x|+C`

In the story, Granddaddy Cain returns from his hunting trip with a dying and squawking chicken hawk slung over his shoulder. Upon his return, he stops on the porch to show Granny that he's finally caught the hawk. However, she doesn't react enthusiastically and doesn't appear overly pleased with his accomplishment. In fact, the text tells us that all she does is to stare and mumble under her breath. Her muted reaction is likely due to the fact that all her attention is focused on the cameramen. Granddaddy Cain, for his part, responds to his wife's disregard of his accomplishment by nailing the chicken hawk to the tool-shed door. After he does this, Granny asks her husband to get the cameramen out of her flower bed. Her request is proof that she is primarily concerned with getting the cameramen off her property. Just before Granddaddy Cain can do anything, the chicken hawk's mate stages a frantic attack on everyone. Calmly, Granddaddy Cain throws his hammer at the ha...

The jury seemed to trust Atticus.  They listened attentively when he spoke in court.  They seemed to appreciate his calm, steady demeanor in the courtroom.  Scout noticed that "the jury seemed to be attentive: their heads were up, and they followed Atticus’s route with what seemed to be appreciation" ( To Kill a Mockingbird , Chapter 20). He approached the jury as if he were speaking to neighbors he ran into in town.  He showed them respect.  He expressed his confidence in the men of the jury.  He asked them to perform their civic duty as jury members with careful consideration based on the evidence before them.  He placed the responsibility of the outcome in their hands.   Scout had noted earlier that the jury was mostly made up of farmers.  As poor men, they were most likely not accustomed to someone valuing their judgement and speaking to them with such a level of respect.

The Founding Fathers, and particularly the Federalists, feared anarchy as much as tyranny, and believed that direct democracy would be tantamount to mob rule. They also believed that most of the men who comprised the population of the colonies at the time of the drafting of the constitution were poorly educated and unfit to make wise governing decisions. This is why the Founders, who were by and large well educated and wealthy, wrote about the "tyranny of the majority." These prominent men of their day did not trust the majority of the population to rule wisely, but instead feared their lack of sophistication and tendency to act based on their emotions instead of their intellect.   Therefore, the Framers chose to create a representative democracy (a republic) which would purposefully dilute and moderate the will of the people, by encouraging ordinary men with voting rights to elect well educated, land-owning, respected men within their communities as their representatives. Th...

Despite its slim size, The Great Gatsby encompasses a diverse array of important themes, commenting on everything from the state of capitalism to gender relations. As such, it's very difficult to pinpoint a major purpose. That said, if there is a major purpose in the novel, it is most likely Fitzgerald's critique of the classical American Dream. Simply put, the American Dream is the widespread notion that any American citizen can achieve happiness and fulfillment by simply working as hard as possible. Fitzgerald deconstructs this idea by showing that, though Gatsby works hard and acquires a vast store of riches, he does not ever achieve true happiness or fulfillment. For Gatsby, true happiness involves earning the lasting love of Daisy. However, though Daisy loves him in her own way, she is not able to love him as fully as he would prefer, and in the end Daisy abandons Gatsby. Thus, no matter how hard Gatsby works to gain material wealth, he ultimately dies alone, and so much o...

The narrator insists that his "caution [and] foresight [and] dissimulation" prove his sanity.  In other words, he believes that the patience with which he moves forward with his plan to kill the old man, the care he takes in going at the same time each night and moving so slowly as he places his head into the old man's room show that he is not mad.  Moreover, he has the foresight to get a tub in which to dismember the old man, making it easier to cut him apart without making a terrible mess (dismemberment also makes the old man easier to bury).  Finally, he believes that his ability to deceive the old man and be so kind to him during the week he plots the man's murder is further evidence of his sanity. The narrator's inability, however, to recognize the sound he hears as his own heart and not the old man's, especially after he has murdered and dismembered the old man, seems to confirm his madness.  Further, his obsession with the old man's "vulture ey...

In theory, an absolutist state is one in which the monarch has complete, total authority over society, and can effectively do whatever they want without anyone to stop them. In practice, no real-world state has ever been that absolutist. Even extremely powerful kings have been restrained by economic, social, and political limits. Often even very powerful kings fear that the aristocracy will undermine them, or that the general populace will try to overthrow them, and as a result they make some effort to please their subjects rather than simply fulfill their own aims. There is actually some dispute among historians over where exactly to draw the line as to which states were "absolutist" and which were not. Many monarchs asserted absolute authority in principle but were never able to obtain in it practice. Still, some governments have gotten much closer to absolutism than others. The chief difference between an absolutist state like France in the mid-18th-century (or Saudi Arabi...

The Robber's Cave experiment was conducted in 1954 by a famous social psychologist, Muzafer Sherif. In this experiment, 22 12-year-old boys from white, middle-class, Protestant backgrounds with two parents were brought to Robber's Cave State Park in Oklahoma. They did not know each other before the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each group spent a week developing their own group norms without being aware of the other group. One group called itself the Rattlers, while the other group called itself the Eagles. During the competition part of the experiment, the boys engaged in competitions that led to all-or-nothing awards (the winners got everything, while the losers got nothing). For example, picnics were staged in which the first group to arrive ate all the food. The conflict between the groups started as verbal harassment and developed into stealing each other's property and then physical attacks. During the last two days of the experiment, the boys...

Mahatma Gandhi was a leader in the fight for Indian independence from rule by the British crown. Gandhi favored and inspired others to employ non-violent civil disobedience. Although Gandhi was raised in a Hindu society and considered himself to be Hindu, he promoted religious pluralism and cooperation rather than considering Hinduism to be the one, absolute truth. In fact, Gandhi was at times quite critical of Hinduism. With regards to his social teachings, Gandhi considered religion to be important to the extent that it played a part in the context of his culture and the revolt against British rule in India.  Many of Gandhi's rules of personal self-conduct are drawn from Hindu faith, like his vegetarianism, chastity, and lifestyle of poverty and self-sufficiency. As a social leader, he was a strong believer in self-rule by the individual person, as well as in the nation of India. Gandhi did not want to see India merely "handed over" to the Indian people to function with...

With the conditions mentioned above, there could be a resolving of the conflict between the two families provided the Lords Capulet and Montague were agreeable to the union of Romeo and Juliet. While Lord Capulet does not seem to be the initiator of conflict, he is not one to shy from it. In Act I, for instance, Capulet angrily calls for his sword as Montague "flourishes his blade" (1.1.68). For this reason, it would seem, then, that the initiator of amelioration should be Lord Montague, yet Montague is angered when he sees Capulet and is ready to fight; furthermore, he is held back only by Lady Montague. Lord and Lady Montague love their son dearly, for they are deeply concerned about his melancholy state. Similarly, the Capulets love their daughter as evinced in the protective Lord Capulet's reluctance to speak to Count Paris of his daughter's marrying him: My child is yet a stranger in the world-- She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. Let two more summers...

Chapter 27 brings Maniac Magee and Grayson closer together, because the chapter is a role reversal between the two characters.  In chapter 26 Grayson and Maniac spent time together playing catch.  Grayson also taught Maniac about the "stop ball."  It's a special kind of pitch that messes with the batter's focus.  At the end of chapter 26, Grayson finds out that Maniac is largely self taught.   "You know the money you give me"-- each morning he gave the kid fifty cents or a dollar to get himself some Krimpets -- "well, I take it up to the library. Right inside the door they have these books they're selling, cases of them, old books they don't want anymore. They only cost five or ten cents apiece." He pointed to the piles. "I buy them." He figures if Maniac can do it, then so can he.  Grayson asks Maniac to teach him how to read.   Two days later, while playing pepper in the Legion infield, the old man said to the kid, "So why ...

After watching Max trudge to school, Feld decides that Max, in his pursuit of education, is everything a diligent and determined young man should be. Watching Max and thinking about him makes Feld wish he had a son. However, being a practical man, he decides that Max will fulfill a different purpose instead. So it is that when Max appears before Feld, the scheming shoemaker engages in a bit of matchmaking. He rationalizes his actions by reassuring himself that Miriam and Max would have met sooner or later; he was merely speeding up the process by making introductions in the present. Feld's thought is that Max would find Miriam perfectly suited to his taste. Because he doesn't approve of Miriam working in an office with "loud-mouthed salesmen and illiterate shipping clerks," Feld wants Max and Miriam to become acquainted. The hope is that Max's dedication to his education would inspire Miriam to pursue her own studies. Even if that doesn't happen, Feld relishes...

The author of The Great Gatsby is F. Scott Fitzgerald. There are many connections that exist between the writer and the text. Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on September 24, 1896, to an Irish Catholic family. His mother, Mollie, was the daughter of a wealthy businessman, while his father, Edward, who doted on his young son and taught him to be a gentleman, had trouble with success. Like Jay Gatsby, Fitzgerald saw his father as a failure. Fitzgerald's mother made sure he attended elite private schools (with the financial support of her parents), which put the young middle class boy in the midst of wealth at an early age. This made Fitzgerald ambitious like Gatsby. However, Fitzgerald's dream was to become a wealthy and celebrated writer rather than a powerful businessman. When Fitzgerald met a young woman named Ginerva King, it's said that her father did not approve of her dating him, because he was far beneath her social class. Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gats...

In Chapter 1, Scout and Jem are playing in their backyard when they hear something coming from Miss Rachel Haverford's collard patch. They walk over to the fence expecting to find a puppy, and instead discover a small boy sitting down, staring directly at them. The boy introduces himself as Charles Baker Harris and mentions that he can read. When Jem asks Dill how old he is, Jem is surprised to learn that Dill is seven years old. Jem initially thought Dill was four-and-a-half because he was so small. Dill says he is from Meridian, Mississippi and is staying with his aunt, Miss Rachel Haverford, for the summer. After Dill tells Jem that he's seen the movie Dracula, Jem begins to respect him. Jem and Scout quickly become close friends with Dill, and the three children play together every day during the summer. 

There are two possible reasons for why the oral polio vaccine ("polio drops") might not be given to children or infants with diarrhea. The first reason would be that this vaccine, like any other, triggers a minor immune response. The purpose of a vaccine is to train the body to recognize and fight off specific infections by introducing a weak or dead form of the virus. After a vaccine, it is common to experience minor symptoms associated with that illness. For example, someone who has received the flu vaccine may feel a little feverish, fatigued, or achey for a day or so. Similar symptoms may arise after a vaccination for polio, but in the case where a child is already ill and experiencing an immune response, introducing the polio virus to the body could potentially be dangerous. Infants and children may not have the immune fortitude to fight off multiple infections at once, and the combined immune response could trigger dangerously high fevers or dehydration from diarrhea an...

This is a tricky problem because we do not know what the mixture of steam and ice look like after they come to the thermal equilibrium. Since there is such a large amount of ice (8 kg, compared to 2 kg of steam), let's calculate whether the heat given off by the cooling and condensation of steam will be enough to melt all of the ice. The heat that the steam gives off while cooling to 100 degrees C is `Q_1 = c_sm_s(100 - T_(is)) = 1.901*10^3*2*26.8 = 1.019*10^5 J` The heat that the steam gives off while condensing at the constant temperature of 100 degrees is `Q_2 = L_v*m_s = 2.265*10^3*2 = 4530 J` Here, `L_v` is the latent heat of vaporization of water/steam.` ` While the condensed steam cools off to 0 degree C, it will give off heat equal to `Q_3 = c_w*m_s*(100 - 0) = 4183*2*100 = 8.366*10^5 J` The total heat released by stem during these three processes is `Q_1 +Q_2 +Q_3= 9.429*10^5 J` . The heat it would take to melt 8 kg of ice at the temperature of 0 degrees C is `Q_4= L_f*m_i...

Here are critiques of four articles from the last two years of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin : 1. "Law Enforcement Chaplains: Defining Their Roles" by Richard Braswell, Bryan Steinkopf, M.S., and Angela Beamer, M.A. Published online on 11/9/2016. This article is about the variety of the roles chaplains play in law enforcement. The thesis is that the variety of their roles is a strength. These roles include corrections, departmental functioning, community-police relations, line-of-duty deaths, officer wellbeing, and crisis interventions. The article presents evidence and details about all these roles. The conclusion is that these roles can also present ambiguity about chaplains' roles and that organizations must define the chaplains' roles more clearly. Future research can look at how to define these roles (though this isn't mentioned in the article) and reduce ambiguity. This article presents ambiguities and raises important questions about chaplains' roles...

The part when Nag and Nagaina decide to target the human family in the house furthers the plot as part of the rising action. A few hours before, Rikki-tikki proves his quickness against the cobras when he dodges their come-from-behind sneak attack. Rikki-tikki then proves his lethality when he kills Karait. At that point in the story, the cobras know that Rikki-tikki is dangerous, and he knows that they are dangerous. An uneasy truce could have been established; however, Nag and Nagaina decide to escalate the tension. The snakes believe that if the humans are eliminated, Rikki-tikki will leave of his own accord or will be easier to hunt.   "I will go, but there is no need that we should hunt for Rikki-tikki afterward. I will kill the big man and his wife, and the child if I can, and come away quietly. Then the bungalow will be empty, and Rikki-tikki will go." Rikki-tikki overhears the conversation between Nag and Nagaina. Rikki-tikki feels it is his duty to protect the family...

The phrase “Brexit means Brexit” means that Brexit will take place, regardless of the implications of any other elections or political events.  In particular, it means that Britain will exit the European Union even though Theresa May, who was in favor of remaining in the Union, is now Prime Minister. After the Brexit vote, the main leaders who were in favor of Brexit have generally not done well politically.  In particular, Boris Johnson was seen as a likely candidate to lead the Conservative Party and, thus, to be Prime Minister, but he was unable to gain enough support and he decided not to run.  As it happened, May won the contest for leadership.  Because May had backed the Remain side in the referendum, some people had thought that she might find ways to avoid actually going through with Brexit.  By saying “Brexit means Brexit,” May sought/seeks to put those ideas to rest.  She wants to make it clear that she will abide by the vote and that she will initiate Britain’s exit from the...

Nick was famous in his elementary school for distracting his teachers and wasting class time: Nick was an expert in asking the delaying question--also known as the teacher-stopper, or the guaranteed-time-waster ( Frindle , Chapter 3). Nick decided to try his skills on his new teacher, Mrs. Granger. Nick soon found out that Mrs. Granger was not one to be fooled. Attempting to distract Mrs. Granger, Nick pointed out that her classroom was filled with dictionaries. He asked his new teacher where all the words in the dictionary came from. Rather than answer Nick's question, she assigned him an oral report on the topic. Nick had intended to ask his question so that he and his fellow students could avoid doing some of their work. Instead, Nick was assigned even more work by his teacher. He was perplexed by this unusual twist. He was not accustomed to a change in his usual plan.

I would argue that Chief Justice Taney was not correct to say that the Supreme Court of the United States had to decide both of these issues.  The Court could have decided the Dred Scott case even if it only ruled on one of these two questions.  Ruling on both questions was unnecessary, which is one reason why this case is often seen as a case in which the Court overreached itself. In this case, the Court had to decide whether Dred Scott was a free man.  In order to say that he was free, it would have had to rule in his favor on two issues.  First, it would have had to say that he had the right to sue.  Second, it would have to find that, if he had the right to sue, he would still lose his law suit because there was no legal reason he should be free.  If the Court ruled against Scott on either of these issues, it would not have had to rule on the other issue. The Court found first that Scott had no standing to sue.  It said that only citizens of the United States could bring law suits ...

Anita Desai uses a combination of direct and indirect characterization to develop Ravi.   There is quite a bit of direct characterization happening with Ravi in this story. Readers are told many specifics about his build and his thoughts. For example, we are told that Ravi is short when Desai talks about his short legs being the cause of his slow running ability.   Desai uses indirect characterization early on for Ravi as well. Probably my favorite line about him is the following line.   Ravi heard the whistling and picked his nose in a panic, trying to find comfort by burrowing the finger deep—deep into that soft tunnel. Readers are specifically told that Ravi is in a panic and picking his nose to find comfort, but within that sentence is a lot of other information about Ravi. He's not a very confident kid. The kids are playing hide-and-seek, yet Ravi is terrified. He also finds comfort in picking his nose. This tells readers that Ravi is likely that "weird" kid who stil...

Rhetorical devices are literary techniques that a writer uses to persuade his or her audience. If I were looking for rhetorical devices in Macbeth , I would focus on the scenes that show Lady Macbeth’s machinations and Macbeth’s inner turmoil over whether or not to kill Duncan. These sections are rich in rhetorical devices because they are full of dissenting opinions, as well as characters trying to persuade either themselves or others to take a particular course of action. More specifically, I would focus on Macbeth’s monologue at the beginning of Act I, Scene 7 and Lady Macbeth’s subsequent  entreaties to him. Lady Macbeth’s lines can be found immediately after Macbeth’s Scene 7 monologue. I urge you to focus on this small section of text because Lady Macbeth and Macbeth grapple with the ethics of killing Duncan, their king and guest.  Macbeth argues with himself and names all of the reasons why murdering Duncan would be abominable and unjust. Afterwards, Lady Macbeth strongly admoni...

According to Atticus, taking a stand for what is right is always worth doing. Not standing up for what is right only perpetuates problems. Standing up for oneself and for others is a major theme in  To Kill a Mockingbird , and there are many examples of characters doing just that. One character who stands up for herself is Mrs. Dubose. She's a mouthy old lady who doesn't filter her opinion around Jem and Scout, but Atticus tells the children that she is one of the bravest people he ever knew because of what she stood up to—her morphine addiction. Atticus believes Mrs. Dubose stood up for what was right for herself and showed courage at the same time. He describes what she did as follows: "It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do" (112). This quote also seems to pertain to Atticus when he takes the Tom Robinson case. Atticus knows he will lose the case, but...

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech is the form of discourse known as Argumentation. In an argument-driven piece, speakers present evidence in order to convince their audience of the logic of their points of persuasion on a certain topic. In other words, the speaker urges his listeners to agree with his points so their minds change and positive action occurs.  Certainly, change and action are what Dr. Martin Luther King sought when he delivered his speech in Washington, D. C. Certainly, too, his style of delivery was persuasive in his mention of injustices and in his tone of voice and use of rhetorical devices. One of Dr. King's arguments is his reference to the United States Constitution in which it is stated that all men are guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Using the metaphor of "a promissory note" for this promise of the Constitution, King argues that the "Negro pe...

The gastrointestinal tract of a frog changes depending on what part of the life cycle the frog is in. A tadpole has a less specialized mouth, know as an oral disk, which is rounded and ringed with little teeth designed to eat small, soft foods. An adult frog has a wide mouth with a stronger jaw. The adult will also have a sticky tongue to capture prey. From there, food would move to the esophagus, and into the stomach where food is broken down. After getting stored in the stomach, the food will move into the small intestine along with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver (pancreatic fluid and bile, specifically). After a period in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed, the food is pushed down to the large intestine. Here, the organ removes as much water as possible before excreting the food from the cloaca. This part of the digestive system is the same for both tadpoles and frogs.

The Iowa Tribe is the same as the Ioway Tribe—Native Americans of the Great Plains.  Their culture was comprised of elements of the Plains and Woodland tribes, which were nomadic and developed an equestrian culture.  This Indian tribe is the original people of Iowa and southwestern Minnesota.  The heritage of the Ioway mixes the blood of other tribes, like the Omaha, the Missouri, the Sauk, the Meskwaki, and the Otoe, as well as French traders and American farmers.  Few records survive as to Native American religions, and not many books were written about this tribe, but it was known that each clan had its own story of its creation. Their rituals included the Sweat Lodge, the Vision Quest, and the Sun Dance Ceremony. They gave names to the elements and powers of Nature, and they celebrated life through dancing. The naming of a person derived from a handful of sources: you were given a name as an honor from another tribe; you were named according to your birth and sex; once a child was ...

I think that Parvez is the real fanatic at the end of Kurieshi's story. Parvez's fanaticism is seen in his frustration with Ali. His singular focus on his son's changes illuminates his fanaticism.  He is narrowly insistent on wanting his son to go back to the way he used to be.  Incapable of dealing with Ali's changes, Parvez is unable to think about anything else.  He is "unable to read the paper, watch television, or even sit down."  Parvez keeps "pouring himself drinks" because he cannot move past the fact that his son is different than before.  His inability to comprehend that Ali is different underscores his fanaticism. However, Parvez's fanaticism is most evident when he enters his son's room. Parvez does not pause to observe his son praying.  He is so singularly focused on wanting to reach his son that he does not reflect for a moment that he should not bother a person in prayer.  Parvez's brutality underscores his unreasonable zea...

Pygmalion  explores class conflict. In a class-bound society like England, a conflict raged: was social class inborn or socially constructed? In other words, were people from the lower classes genetically inferior, incapable of learning the gracious behavior of upper class people, or had they been held down and "coarsened" by their lack of economic opportunities? Were they naturally "depraved" or had they been made that way?  Henry Higgins sets out to prove that he can pass off a lower-class Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, as an aristocratic lady by teaching her to speak proper English, instructing her in manners, and dressing her as an upper-class woman.  Higgins succeeds, perhaps beyond his dreams, and in the process, upends popular misconceptions in 1913 about social class, showing that it is nurture (or lack thereof), not nature, that keeps people down. Upper class people are not innately superior. Higgins, however, can never quite get over his class preju...

In the story, the Morris twins bring dinner for the painter, but she responds without much enthusiasm for their act of kindness. In fact, she initially ignores the twins standing by with a jug of lemonade and a plate filled with cornbread, baked ham, candied yams, and collard greens. It is only when Side Pocket speaks that the painter pauses her work and addresses the twins. She tells them that she has brought her own dinner and asks them to thank their mother on her behalf. The painter makes no effort to take the plate of food or the jug of lemonade from the twins. Meanwhile, the narrator is upset that the painter has acted so rudely. Later, the painter visits the diner where the narrator's mother works. She seems to be very particular about not eating meat, particularly pork. The general impression the painter gives is not a positive one. ...she was asking Mama was that a ham hock in the greens, and was that a neck bone in the pole beans, and were there any vegetables cooked with...