Notes

An introduction to a literary analysis contains many of the same elements as the introduction to other kinds of essays, particularly the argumentative essay.  Remember, an analysis is making an argument that you are going to support with the literary text.  Let's go over what you need, generally and specifically.  First, a good way to start is the funnel method, starting with a general idea and then narrowing down to the specifics of your argument, as a funnel is broad at the top and narrow at the bottom.  For instance, if I were writing an analysis of The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald), I might begin with some discussion of the American dream.  Or I could begin with some discussion of the Roaring Twenties, depending on the focus I am going to narrow down to.  The idea is to engage the reader in a more general topic as a way of opening the door to your analysis. Second, you must name your literary text and its author in the introduction. We do not assume the reader is our professor, wh...

For your two quotes on parental love, you might consider these: At the beginning of the play, just after the street fight breaks out between the Montagues and Capulets, Lady Montague asks, "O, where is Romeo?  Saw you him today? / Right glad I am he was not at this fray" (1.1.118-119).  His mother's concern for him is certainly very loving.  She is glad that her son was not at this fight because she wouldn't want him to get hurt, and she doesn't want him to get in trouble with the prince either.  Further, Romeo's father is quite worried about him because he has been so miserable of late.  He cries, shuts out the sun, and keeps to himself.  He says, "Black and portentous must this humor prove, / Unless good counsel may the cause remove" (1.1.144-145).  In other words, he fears the effect that Romeo's unhappiness will have if it continues much longer, and he seems to hope that Benvolio will be able to help him.  Montague clearly loves his son and w...

The children learn to do what you think is right even if it's hard, stand up for what you believe in, and stay calm in the face of danger. In this chapter, Atticus shows his children the value of courage and strength.  When Tom Robinson is threatened, Atticus stands up for him.  He faces down the angry mob calmly. Link Deas tries to convince Atticus that taking Tom Robinson’s case is not worth the risk.  Atticus’s friends are worried about the Cunnhingham family, who might get drunk and try to string up Tom Robinson.  Atticus does not budge.  He tells the men who gather at his house that he is going to protect Tom Robinson. “Link, that boy might go to the chair, but he’s not going till the truth’s told.” Atticus’s voice was even. “And you know what the truth is.” (Ch. 15) Atticus goes down and sits outside Tom Robinson’s cell with a lamp.  He stays until the angry mob shows up, ready to lynch his client.  The children sneak out to watch, because they know something is about to happ...

"Dulce et Decorum Est," written in 1917 by Wilfrid Owen, is an anti-war poem, while Brooke's "The Soldier," written in 1914, before World War I had bogged down into the horror it would become, glorifies war. Five contrasts would be as follows: In "The Soldier," death in battle is depicted as beautiful and purifying: "this heart, all evil shed away." In "Dulce," death in battle is ugly and painful: "White eyes writhing in his face."  In "The Soldier," it is sweet and right to die for England:  think only this of me:        That there’s some corner of a foreign field  That is for ever England. In "Dulce" to say that it is good to die for England is a "lie" and the title of the poem, which means it is sweet and good to die for your country, is bitter and ironic, an idea to reject.  In "The Soldier," the dead soldier brings the beauty of England to the battlefield with him: A body of Eng...

A parabola with directrix at `y=k` implies that the parabola may open up towards upward or downward direction. The position of the directrix with respect to the vertex point can be used to determine in which side the parabola opens up.  If the directrix is above the vertex point then the parabola opens up in downward direction. If the directrix is below the vertex point then the parabola opens up in upward direction. The parabola indicated in the problem has directrix of `y=-7` which is located below the vertex `(0,0)` . Thus, the parabola opens up in upward direction and follows the standard formula: `(x-h)^2=4p(y-k)` . We consider the following properties: vertex as `(h,k)` focus as `(h, k+p) `  directrix as `y=k-p` Note: `p` is the distance of between focus and vertex or distance between directrix and vertex. From the given vertex point `(0,0)` , we determine `h =0 ` and `k=0` . Applying directrix `y =-7` and `k=0 ` on `y=k-p` , we get: `-7= 0-p` `-7=-p ` `-1*-7=-1*-p ` `7=p or p=7...

Limit comparison test is applicable when `suma_n` and `sumb_n` are series with positive terms. If `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=L` ,where L is a finite number and `L>0` , then either both series converge or both diverge. Given series is `sum_(n=0)^oo1/sqrt(n^2+1)` Let's compare with the series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/sqrt(n^2)=sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` The comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` is divergent p-series. `a_n/b_n=(1/sqrt(n^2+1))/(1/n)=n/sqrt(n^2+1)` `lim_(n->oo)a_n/b_n=lim_(n->oo)n/sqrt(n^2+1)` `=lim_(n->oo)n/(nsqrt(1+1/n^2))` `=lim_(n->oo)1/sqrt(1+1/n^2)` `=1>0` Since the comparison series `sum_(n=1)^oo1/n` diverges, so the series `sum_(n=0)^oo1/sqrt(n^2+1)` diverges as well, by the limit comparison test.

Mr. Freeman says that quotes on page 122 of Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak . Mr. Freeman is Melinda's art teacher and the one adult who seems to register that something significant and traumatic has happened to Melinda... something that needs to be expressed. Mr. Freeman realizes Melinda is slowly withering away and her lack of self-expression and inability to communicate are two major causes for Melinda's withering. Mr. Freeman attempts to use his class and its assigned project (to artistically represent one thing over and over again over the course of the class— in Melinda's case, a tree) to crack open Melinda's hardened emotional exterior and to coax her out of her depressed stupor. The part of his speech following this quote is even more telling: "You'd be shocked at how many adults are really dead inside—walking through their days with no idea who they are, just waiting for a heart attack or cancer or a Mack truck to come along and finish the job. It...

Holling's feelings change from not liking Mrs. Baker at all to Mrs. Baker being his favorite teacher.   In the beginning of the book, Holling has to stay in Mrs. Baker's classroom on Wednesday afternoons.  He has to do this because he is the only Protestant in a school full of Catholic students and Jewish students.  On Wednesday afternoons, both of those groups go to their respective religious studies classes.   Neither Mrs. Baker nor Holling is pleased about the Wednesday afternoon arrangement.  Mrs. Baker starts off the first month by requiring Holling to do menial tasks like clean desks and chalkboard erasers.  Holling actually thinks that Mrs. Baker hates him.  In October, Mrs. Baker decides that the two of them will study Shakespeare together.  That's when Holling really believes that she hates him; however, over the course of the school year, Holling realizes that he likes both Shakespeare and Mrs. Baker.  He comes to see her as a person that wants the best for him.  ...

In the book  October Sky,  one of the main reasons for tension in the Hickham family was that they, along with other families in their coal mining town, were very dependent on the coal mines for their livelihoods. The coal mines were the major employer for their community. If the coal mines weren't doing well, and maybe in danger of closing, then their employees and families weren't surviving well, either. Added to the stress of their income being dependent on the coal mines, there was the ever-present danger of accidents in the mines. These types of accidents were always prevalent in the mines. It was common for men to suffer accidents and either be killed or else be injured so badly that they couldn't work.  All of these factors come back to the fact that the employees of mines and their families experienced much stress. The Hickham family was no exception.

Nathaniel Bacon's crusade was an indictment of the entire headright and indentured servitude systems.  With tobacco cultivation appearing to save the Virginia colony, wealthy planters wanted to take advantage of the strong market for tobacco.  The problem was that they did not have enough laborers for expanded production of the cash crop.  The headright system was an unfair exploitation of the working class.  Wealthy English aristocrats could pay for an indentured servant's trip to Virginia and the aristocrat would be rewarded with large tracts of land.  The indentured servant received little or nothing after the term of service was complete.  Looking for opportunities, the impoverished freemen headed to the west and the frontier where they intruded on Indian lands and were met with violence.  The governor, William Berkely needed the Indians as an ally in his lucrative fur-trading activities and was unwilling to protect the settlers from Indian attack.  Berkely believed this en...

The fact that Silky Bob finds it necessary to explain to the policeman walking the beat why he is waiting in the doorway shows that Bob is nervous around policemen —and as we find out later, with good reason. He is a wanted man, so just seeing a policeman is likely to cause him some anxiety. Bob is leaning in the doorway of a store, in the shadows, with no light falling on him. No doubt he has specifically chosen such an inconspicuous place to stand just so that he can avoid contact with anyone who might recognize his description from the "wanted" bulletins. When the policeman slows and then walks up to him, he immediately speaks first, "reassuringly." This brings to mind the Shakespearean adage, "The Lady doth protest too much, methinks." By affirming something too forcefully, one mars his credibility. Let's say that Bob was not a wanted man and was not nervous around policemen. He would have probably simply nodded at the policeman and would have been...

The human gallbladder is a small sack-like organ that is attached to the liver. Its function is to store a greenish yellow liquid called bile. Bile is an essential part of the digestive system—it emulsifies fats and allows them to be absorbed as energy more easily.  A human can function without a gallbladder. A cholecystectomy is a surgery in which the gallbladder is removed. The gallbladder may be removed for many different reasons, including tumors, gallstones, or gallbladder disease. Without the gallbladder, a person will not be able to break down fats as easily. Normally, the gallbladder would collect, store and concentrate bile, releasing that bile when a person eats fatty foods. Without the gallbladder, a person still gets bile from the liver, but the bile enters directly into the intestines without becoming concentrated. Without the gallbladder, nutritional deficiencies may develop as a result of the body's inability to digest fat efficiently. When there are large nutritiona...

In his essay "Paleface and Redskin" ( The Kenyon Review , 1939), the 20th century literary critic Philip Rahv went a long way to defining what is uniquely "American" in American literature. Rahv posited that American letters has produced two "polar types" of writers. On one hand, there is the "paleface," writers such as Henry James with his "drawing-room fictions" and Herman Melville, who was, in his "tragic loneliness," acutely interested in what William Faulkner would later call "the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself." On the other hand were the "redskins," writers such as Walt Whitman, with his "open air poems," and Mark Twain, who tended to revel in adventures and new experiences rather than contemplate life from afar with "a refined estrangement from reality." Moreover, Rahv argued that the redskin was more of a "lowbrow," uneducated (whether he was or no...

The setting of this story is the HappyLife Home where the Hadley family lives. The nursery has viewscreens: The nursery is a huge room, 30 feet wide by 30 feet long and 40 feet tall. All the walls are movie screens, which project ultra-realistic images, sounds, sensations, and even smells through "odorophonics." The house prepares all the meals: George Hadley, the father, watches as the dining table produces food from its warm interior. When he notes that the ketchup is missing, a "small voice" inside the table apologizes, and the ketchup materializes. A pneumatic tube lifts the children to their bedrooms:  It is described as an "air closet," which sucks them "up a flue" to their "slumber rooms." In other words, there are no stairs to climb in this futuristic home.  The parents feel they lack a role in a house because their home does everything for them, including parenting their children. Lydia Hadley especially feels she has nothing ...

When Nick arrives at the Buchanans' home in chapter one, he spends some time catching up with his cousin, Daisy, who he hasn't seen for several years.  At dinner, after Tom leaves the table to take a call from his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, Daisy tells Nick, "'I love to see you at my table [...].  You remind me of a -- of a rose, an absolute rose.'"  However, Nick finds such a comment sort of ridiculous because he is nothing like a rose.  He realizes that she is only "extemporizing," or speaking on the spur of the moment, but he marks the comment because he is affected by the "stirring warmth [which] flowed from her, as if her heart was trying to come out to you concealed in one of those breathless, thrilling words."  Daisy seems to possess a peculiar kind of magnetism.  She can really say or do just about anything she wants -- however untrue or silly -- because she can get away with it.  This "warmth" that she has seems to draw peo...

The speaker means that he is always painfully aware of the gradual diminution of religious faith throughout the Western world. He uses the retreating waves at Dover Beach as an extended metaphor, or symbol, of that withdrawal. The image is appropriate because the waters he is looking at are retreating with the tide. Like the tide, the retreat of religious faith is vast and unstoppable. Arnold is obviously disturbed by society's loss of religious faith because he dreads the consequences. He is implying that everything in human civilization depends on religious belief, so human civilization is in serious danger. If people believe in God and believe that God has established laws to regulate human behavior, then if they stop believing in God in alarming numbers, they could be headed down a slippery slope. The Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shore Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.  But now I only hear Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreat...

Squeaky's full name is Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker.  Readers are able to read her full name a total of three times during the story. The first time is when Squeaky is registering for her race. She speaks to Mr. Pearson, and he calls her "Squeaky" as he hands her the race number and pins. Squeaky is not happy about Mr. Pearson calling her that, so she corrects him by saying her full name.   “Well, Squeaky,” he says, checking my name off the list and handing me number seven and two pins. And I’m thinking he’s got no right to call me Squeaky, if I can’t call him Beanstalk. “Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker,” I correct him and tell him to write it down on his board. Mr. Pearson quickly repeats her name and asks Squeaky a follow-up question.   The final time readers see Squeaky's full name is after her race. The race between Squeaky and Gretchen is very close. The race officials have to take a few extra minutes to confirm who really won the race. After a bit of deliberati...

The bleeding tree is a striking image because it bleeds sap and this symbolically foreshadows Doodle's death. The scarlet ibis brings even more symbolic clarity to this first comparison. The ibis is actually (literally) red and in this story, this is certainly symbolic of blood. The bleeding tree and the blood red color of the ibis all symbolize Doodle's blood at the end of the story. Despite Doodle's progress (at the hands of Brother's selfish motivation), these morbid images keep emerging. Doodle's coffin is also an image that literally and symbolically refers to death. Doodle's father had it made when he was born, thinking he would not survive. Doodle survives, but they keep the coffin. Brother cruelly torments him the coffin, making sure he knows it was made for him. Even after Doodle survives his infancy and learns to walk, the family keeps the coffin. "Within a few months Doodle had learned to walk well and his go-cart was put up in the barn loft (it...

In Chapter 6, Brian laments not having matches as he looks out at the vast amount of dry driftwood around the lake.  He tries his best to think of how experts start a fire and begins to rub two sticks together. After ten minutes of rubbing the sticks together, the sticks are still cool to the touch, and he fails at starting a fire. In Chapter 8, a porcupine enters his shelter and Brian throws his hatchet in its direction. The hatchet bounces off of the rock wall and creates tiny sparks. The next day, Brian wakes up and realizes that his hatchet is the key to starting a fire. He examines the wall of his shelter and notices that the hatchet struck the darker rock. Brian then begins to strike the blade of his hatchet against the dark rock to create sparks. In Chapter 9, Brian takes patches of birchbark peelings and shaves them to make birchbark fluff. He then takes the fluff and forms it into a nest with a depression in the middle. Brian uses his hatchet to create sparks which land in the...

Weather  describes the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.  The atmosphere is a mixture of gases (including oxygen) that exists above the Earth. It protects the Earth by blocking dangerous rays from the sun and trapping heat. The five layers of the atmosphere are: Troposphere: This is the layer closest to the Earth. Most weather occurs in the troposphere. Stratosphere Mesophere Thermosphere Exosphere Changes in weather are caused by moving air in the atmosphere. Air movement occurs because of differences in air pressure. Air pressure is caused by the collective weight of air molecules. High air pressure results in the movement of air in a slow, downward direction. Low air pressure results in the movement of air in a slow, upward direction. As the air moves, it redistributes heat energy from the sun. 

What intrigues me about a poem’s meaning is to read it within the context of the poet’s life. In Spender’s case, he suffered from two things which profoundly affected his childhood: a speech impediment, and a club foot – expression halted by speech, and locomotion and liberty halted by a dysfunctional foot. So imagine the freedom that Spender as a child longed for – to speak flawlessly, flowing, and to run without a care, to be like the other children. Place that lens over what you read in the poem.  He vacillates, doesn’t he?  He plays in his mind with what is known and expresses this in the last two lines.  If he pulled it in, reeled in a word, much like one would a caught fish, then it would be under his control, predictable, and caught.  Now here’s the dilemma: You can choose the right word, and catch the meaning of what you are trying to express, in which case the motion of pulling it in would be appropriate.  And perhaps you need that word to rhyme with a dish, which in itself is...

This article is about the split among federal circuit courts about whether Miranda warnings have to be given in certain types of stops (called "Terry" stops, a reference to the 1968 Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio) that involve the police questioning the person who is stopped about the reason they have stopped him or her. Miranda rights refer to a suspect's right to remain silent when he or she is taken into police custody, as the police can use the evidence the suspect gives in a court of law. These rights were conferred on the basis on the Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966). "Terry stops" refer to the 1968 Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, in which the court held that the Fourth Amendment's protections against unreasonable search and seizure are not violated when the police stop a suspect if they have a reasonable suspicion that the person might commit or has committed a crime. As the author of this article, Dinger, writes,   "[a]n inve...

We can look at your hypothesis development at two levels, namely (a) a conceptual discussion of the proper elements of a mathematically expressed hypothesis, and (b) a specific discussion of the dynamic you are attempting to model and analyze. First off, it is assumed that the test of this hypothesis will involve obtaining actual data points and applying statistical tests to determine the ability of the independent variables to explain (correlate with) the dependent ones. Generally speaking, your model will need to incorporate all material independent variables in order for any correlations to have real explanatory meaning. If significant determinants of state behavior are left out, you risk having (1) a lack of correlation due to other underlying factors which you did not incorporate (i.e. your data points were “apples and oranges”) or (2) correlations shown in the model that do not have explanatory power, because they are either coincidental or correlated with other variables not inc...

`int(2x^3-4x^2-15x+5)/(x^2-2x-8)dx` The integrand is a improper rational function,as the degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the denominator.So we have to carry out division. `(2x^3-4x^2-15x+5)/(x^2-2x-8)=2x+(x+5)/(x^2-2x-8)` Since the polynomials do not completely divide, we have to continue with the partial fractions on the remainder and factor out the denominator. `(x+5)/(x^2-2x-8)=(x+5)/(x^2-4x+2x-8)` `=(x+5)/(x(x-4)+2(x-4))` `=(x+5)/((x-4)(x+2))` Now we create the partial fraction template, `(x+5)/((x-4)(x+2))=A/(x-4)+B/(x+2)` Multiply the above equation with the denominator, `=>(x+5)=A(x+2)+B(x-4)`   `=>x+5=Ax+2A+Bx-4B` `=>x+5=(A+B)x+2A-4B` Equating the coefficients of the like terms, `A+B=1`   ---------------(1) `2A-4B=5`  -------------(2) Now we to solve the above linear equations to get the values of A and B, Multiply equation 1 by 4, `4A+4B=4`  -------------(3) Now add equation 2 and 3, `2A+4A=5+4` `=>6A=9` `=>A=9/6` `=>A=3/2` Plug in the v...

When Rainsford and General Zaroff are speaking about different types of game, Rainsford says that he has heard that the most dangerous game is Cape buffalo. General Zaroff says the following: "No. You are wrong, sir. The Cape buffalo is not the most dangerous big game . . . Here in my preserve on this island . . . I hunt the most dangerous game." Surprised, Rainsford asks what is on the island, and Zaroff says, "Oh, it isn't here naturally, of course. I have to stock the island." Rainsford asks his host what type of animals he has on the island, but Zaroff refrains from explicitly saying what he stocks for awhile. After a long story about his hunting life, Zaroff finally gives Rainsford enough clues to suggest that he hunts men. Once the answer is out, Zaroff explains that he only hunts "the scum of the earth--sailors from tramp ships." To further explain how he stocks his island, General Zaroff says the following: "This island is called Ship-Trap...

Most of our energy requirements are fulfilled by fossil fuels including coal, petroleum and natural gas. Coal and natural gas are the primary fuels for electricity generation and various petroleum products (such as petrol or gasoline and diesel) are used for transportation (in automobile engines). There are some issues with the use of these fuels. They take millions of years to form and hence are in limited quantity. Given our continuously increasing demands for energy, these fuels will likely be exhausted in the foreseeable future. These fuels also generate a number of gases, some of which (such as carbon dioxide) are greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change and global warming. Thus, there is a serious and urgent need to find alternative sources of energy. These sources must be cleaner and should ideally be renewable.  Hope this helps. 

"War is the health of the state," the radical writer Randolph Bourne said, in the midst of the First World War. Indeed, as the nations of Europe went to war in 1914, the governments flourished, patriotism bloomed, class struggle was stilled, and young men died in frightful numbers on the battlefields-often for a hundred yards of land, a line of trenches. -- Chapter 14, Page 350, A People's History of the United States Howard Zinn outlines his arguments for why World War I was fought in the opening paragraph of Chapter 14 (referenced above). The nationalism that was created by the Great War benefited the elite political and financial leadership of the various countries involved. Socialism, which was gaining momentum in Europe, as was class struggle, took a backseat to mobilizing for war. Zinn believes that World War I was fought for the gain of the industrial capitalists of Europe in a competition for capital and resources. He states that humanity itself was punished by t...

Galileo supported the theory of Copernicus that the sun was the center of the universe. According to Copernicus, the earth revolved around the sun. This view was in stark contrast to the belief held by the Roman Catholic Church that the earth was the center of the universe. According to the beliefs held by the Roman Catholic Church, the sun revolved around the earth. Challenging the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church was not a very common occurrence in those days. Most people believed in the teachings of the Church without question or reservation. The Church was not happy with Galileo and his ideas. He was put on trial, and he was found guilty of heresy and put under house arrest for the rest of his life. It turned out the Galileo was correct in his beliefs. The Roman Catholic Church eventually dropped its belief that the earth was the center of the universe.

Professor Sherman, in The Twenty-One Balloons (Dubois), retires and realizes his lifetime dream of drifting away in a balloon. Circumstances conspire to land him in Krakatoa, where he encounters twenty families who have happily settled there, living on the wealth of the diamonds they have found on the island. (Krakatoa is a real island, nearly decimated by a volcano in 1883, but there is no reason to believe there were diamonds mines on the island.)  When the volcano on Krakatoa erupts, the families and Professor Sherman escape on an ingenious escape vessel, essentially a large raft that is lifted and moved by means of enormous hydrogen-filled balloons.  As a balloonist, Professor Sherman appreciates any means of transportation by balloon, and as a professor of math for many years, he has an appreciation for calculations, too.  This escape raft is particularly well-planned and attractive.  The sizes of the raft and balloons to transport eighty people, twenty families of four, and now P...

In the beginning of the overall story, Gordimer explains how she's been asked to write a children's story. Initially, she does not want to. Then, she describes waking up to a strange noise. At first, she fears an intruder is breaking into her home. Her fear stems from racial and political conflicts in the waning years of the apartheid in South Africa. (The story was published in 1989.) However, she realizes the noise is her house creaking over top of an underground mine. Given that this introduction or "frame" story ends with the elimination of fear, we might suspect that the subsequent "story within a story" (about the family) will have a "happily ever after" ending.  In the "story within a story," there is a family whose fear of crime and potential intruders causes them to increase the security of their home. This fear feeds upon itself and they continue reinforcing their home until it is more like the design of a prison. Given all of t...

Junior's lack of self-esteem in himself and his culture is worse than economic poverty because failure to believe in his identity means he will never see a world where he can be a "bright and shining star." The conversation that he and Mr. P share is one of the most important moments in Junior's life.  The conversation was so powerful because of the passion with which Mr. P speaks.  He wants Junior to want something better for his life.  Mr. P talks to Junior about how there is a part of his identity that refuses "to give up."  The teacher argues that the reason why Junior hurled the book was because part of him still believes that he is destined for something better. Mr. P says that Junior can be a "bright and shining star" only if he leaves the reservation. He warns Junior that if he stays on the reservation, his hope will be broken and, like so many others, he will give up.  Junior says that listening to Mr. P and thinking about what he said cau...

This poem is about how normal, everyday objects must look very different to a tiny creature like a fly. The speaker invites us to reconsider the beauty and enormity of both natural and man-made objects, and we're reminded that the size of things is only a matter of perspective. (That is, what's small to us is huge to the fly, and so by extension, what's normally huge to us may actually be small from a different point of view.) In the first stanza, the speaker introduces his main idea with an exclamation point, saying that everything must look so huge to a little fly ("How large unto the tiny fly/Must little things appear!—"). A flower is the size of furniture to the fly, and a little thorn on a flower is like an enormous weapon ("A rosebud like a feather bed,/Its prickle like a spear;"). These images invite us to consider how a change of perspective can cause beautiful things to be amplified, like the flower that becomes a luxurious bed, as well as frigh...

Great Britain's economic policy, mercantilism, required that the country export more goods than it imported. For this to happen, Britain needed to maintain its status as the world's strongest industrial power. Britain did this by acquiring colonies overseas. It was motivated to do this because it needed new markets for its finished goods. The colonies could also be used to supply raw materials for manufacturing. The trouble with the colonies is that after the British economy became prosperous, British nationals did not desire to move to these locations, which were in inhospitable climes. This is where the slave trade becomes a factor. Because the colonies were primarily established to provide particular cash crops, which required numerous workers, slaves were utilized to make them profitable. The slave trade itself was also a very lucrative endeavor. Due to the need to make colonies profitable to increase industrial trade, Britain was closely tied to the Atlantic slave market. ...

The Mill on the Floss is an example of a bildungsroman, or a novel that traces its protagonist's development from childhood to adulthood. The novel is also an example of Victorian literature, as it was published in 1860, and contains themes related to women and a complicated plot with several side stories. The story follows Maggie Tulliver, a bright girl whose older brother, Tom, is less intellectual. Maggie eventually gets to know and like Tom's schoolmate, Philip Wakem, who is disabled, but Tom disapproves of their relationship. Maggie's  father engages in a lawsuit that he loses, while Wakem's father supports his opponent. Mr. Tulliver's lawsuit causes his health to suffer, and he eventually dies. Maggie visits her cousin, Lucy, and gets involved with her friend, Stephen Guest, who asks Maggie to run away with him. They spend the night in a boat that has drifted on the water, and Maggie is treated as a fallen woman as a result. In the end, she dies while trying...

You will find several examples of textual evidence demonstrating Mrs. Jones’s confidence in Langston Hughes's short story “Thank You, M’am.” In the exposition, Roger is unsuccessful in his attempt to steal Mrs. Jones's rather cumbersome pocketbook. Instead of running away or screaming for help, the self-assured Mrs. Jones gives him a swift kick and lifts him up by his shirt collar so she can confront him. In no uncertain terms, Mrs. Jones tells Roger she is bothered by his actions; she questions him and informs him in a pretty unforgettable way. But the boy’s weight and the weight of the purse combined caused him to lose his balance so, instead of taking off full blast as he had hoped, the boy fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. The large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. Then she reached down, picked the boy up by his shirt front, and shook him until his teeth rattled. Mrs. Jones's action of taking the err...

Interesting question! Over the years, many conspiracy theorists have hypothesized that the eye and pyramid represent the preeminent symbols of the Illuminati. The Illuminati is said to be a secret organization of global elites who are working to enslave the whole world. Conspiracy theorists believe that the All-Seeing Eye represents the eye of Horus or Lucifer. The uncapped pyramid is said to represent an unfinished order of business: the Old World Order has yet to be destroyed; thus, it stands in the way of the New World Order ("Novus Ordo Seclorum" on the one dollar bill). Conspiracy theorists also believe that the thirteen steps of the pyramid represent the thirteen bloodlines of the Illuminati that have pledged allegiance to Lucifer. Despite these claims, other experts believe that the truth is a little less exciting. It was Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the 32nd President of the United States) who commissioned the eye and pyramid to be included on the dollar bill in 1935. T...

This question is somewhat vague in its wording.  It could be asking what and who caused the Great Depression.  Another interpretation of this question is what was the impact of the Great Depression and who was impacted. Another theme of this question could be what the influence of policymakers was on the Great Depression.  I am not sure what direction to go, but when I think of the Great Depression, I automatically think about Franklin D. Roosevelt.  He had a great impact on the Great Depression with his reform program that was called The New Deal.  The New Deal was an attempt to get Americans back to work.  It included major public works projects that enabled the government to employ hundreds of thousands of unemployed Americans. The New Deal was also an attempt to provide relief to families that were suffering economically.  The Social Security system was born out of the New Deal.  In addition to relief and employment, Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to reform the federal government to ...

Friar Laurence is expressing fears that the couple are rushing into marriage based on intense feelings that will not last. Romeo has just made an extravagant pronouncement -- no future sorrow can outweigh the joy he feels during a single moment in Juliet's presence. In a foreshadowing of later tragedy, he says he is ready to die if necessary ("love-devouring death do what he dare") if only he can marry Juliet first. Thus the friar (who is an older, more circumspect person) is fearful that this will be a fiery, short-lived passion. He  responds by warning Romeo about hot-headed, overly passionate love: "These violent delights have violent ends And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume: the sweetest honey Is loathsome in his own deliciousness And in the taste confounds the appetite: Therefore love moderately; long love doth so; Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow." When fire and powder come together, they explode. So too may Rom...

In the exposition of "After Twenty Years," Jimmy Wells is described as a fine "guardian of the peace" because he fits the role of what is known as the "beat cop." That is, he appears strong and hard-working, trustworthy, confidant, and knowledgeable in his role as patrolman of his neighborhood. Officer Wells also suits his role as "guardian of the peace" when he obeys his Law Enforcement Oath of Honor which affirms his bravery and honor to the community and law, as well as his integrity as an officer. Indeed, it is because of his sworn oath that Jimmy Wells must report his identification of 'Silky' Bob to headquarters. While he fulfills his commitment to the community that he serves, Officer Wells also demonstrates his personal integrity as well as his professionalism. For, rather than humiliate his old friend, Officer Wells has a plain clothes policeman make the arrest. Further, Jimmy writes Bob a letter of explanation for his conduct.  

The Metaphysical Poets were known for their use of extended metaphors (conceits). While some poets associated with this group did address subjects and ideas that we would call metaphysical ("above" the physical) or spiritual, this was not necessarily the case.  But in this poem, Donne does use the extended metaphor and he also mentions metaphysical notions. In this poem, the speaker tells his beloved that she should not mourn his death because their love is at a spiritual (metaphysical) level. The speaker even mocks those whose love is merely earthly, physical, or "sublunary."  Dull sublunary lovers' love  (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit  Absence, because it doth remove  Those things which elemented it.  In other words, anyone who does not understand the soul in the spiritual sense, cannot bear to lose a loved one. If he/she does not understand love in the spiritual sense, he/she will not understand that this kind of love is unaffected by death. This is the g...

Shelley wrote "Ozymandias" for several reasons. First, the poem was inspired by the arrival in England of a portion of a statue of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II. Shelley wanted to commemorate that event and was spurred on as well by a friendly rivalry with the poet Horace Smith. Smith also wrote a poem about the statue at the same time as Shelley, and he also called it "Ozymandias."  As a radical who had supported the French Revolution, Shelley used the poem as a commentary on tyranny. In the poem, Ozymandias understands himself as as invincible tyrant, and imagines all who see his mighty kingdom and mighty statue tremble with fear. However, Shelley ironically shows the statue as a wrecked ruin strewn across an empty desert. Ozymandias' once powerful kingdom has disappeared. The statue's inscription--'Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'--thus has a double meaning. Seeing now the ruin of Ozymandias' works, the "mighty" ...

When you think of classical Greece, you probably think of the greatness of the arts, theater, and literature. These qualities can be attributed to the ancient city of Athens. The dramatic arts of Athens were an important contribution to Western Civilization.  Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides all wrote accomplished scripts that became classics. Artists and architects of Athens created works of art that have endured for the centuries, including the Parthenon which is the signature structure in Athens to this day. The great philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates all had schools in Athens. It was also in Athens where a new concept of politics was created where the citizens made the decisions about the direction of the city-state. The word democracy is Greek for "people rule," and it was established as a functional form of government in this ancient city.   While Sparta is best known as being centered around the military arts, there were cultural achievements hidden below ...

Counterfactual history is always murky, because its hard to tell what would happen if a certain event happened differently; however, for argument's sake, let's take up the idea that the Germans acquired an atomic bomb and forced the Allies to capitulate either through conquering them or making them vassal states.  The Holocaust would have continued or even broadened in scope to include Africans and Hispanic people.  Either the Nazis or the Japanese would have invaded the United States or forced them to sign peace treaties, perhaps even installing a puppet government in America.  Germany would claim the Soviet Union at least as far as the Brest-Litovsk line of 1918 and would make slaves out of the Slavic people there in order to ensure a permanent, submissive labor force.  Japan would eventually take China and use the Chinese for slaves as well.  Communism would not exist, as all three nations in the Axis deemed this ideology dangerous.   Over time, however, I think that the Axi...

In the opening act of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet a fight breaks out in the streets of Verona sparked by the insults of the Capulet servants, exacerbated by Tybalt who claims he hates peace and the Montagues as he threatens to kill Benvolio. The brawl spreads as Lord Capulet and Lord Montague call for their swords. Soon, Prince Escalus, the sovereign of Verona, comes on the scene and breaks up the violence. He is obviously angry at his unruly subjects and tells them that he will impose the death penalty on any who "disturb our streets again." After the altercation, Lord and Lady Montague and Benvolio are left. As Benvolio describes the situation and the actions of the "fiery Tybalt," Lady Montague inquires about the whereabouts of her son Romeo and expresses her happiness that he was not caught up in the fighting: O, where is Romeo? Saw you him today? Right glad I am he was not at this fray. Because men were apparently injured and the action intense, she was...

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Iron is a transition metal and has an atomic number of 26. Its electronic configuration can be written as: `1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^6, 4s^2` As one can see, the 4s orbital is fully filled, while the 3d orbital has 6 electrons. These 6 electrons are distributed in such a way that only 1 electron pair exists; all the other electrons are unpaired.  Also note that 3d and 4s orbitals are very close to each other in terms of energy levels. Thus, the 4s orbital loses electrons first. When the 4s orbital of iron loses the 2 electrons, a valency of 2 is obtained. When the atom loses the two 4s electrons and 1 electron from the 3d orbital (leaving the other 5 electrons unpaired and the 3d orbital half filled, thereby lending more stability to it), a valency of 3 results. Thus, we have either a +2 charge or a +3 charge on the iron ions. Hope this helps.  

There are two types of electrical connections: series connection and parallel connection. In a series connection, as the name suggests, all the devices are in a "series" and hence the circuit is only complete if all of them are controlled at once. This means that in a series connection, either all the devices would be switched on or switched off at the same time. There is no independent control of any device. In other words, a single switch will power on everything at home, which means the television, microwave, refrigerator, washing machine, all the lamps, heaters, air conditioners, etc. will be on or off at the same time.  The other disadvantage of a series connection is that there is a potential drop associated with each device. This means that depending on the resistance offered by each device, some devices may not get the rated power and hence will not be able to function appropriately and may get damaged early. Thus, we prefer parallel connections at home, so that all t...

What it means to be a person is an issue that has been made substantially more complicated over the past century by the rise of artificial intelligence. One way to start thinking about it is via the "Turing Test". Imagine that you are communicating with an avatar in a computer chat room or on a social media site. You cannot see whether the avatar is being controlled by a human or a computer. How could you tell whether you were chatting with person or machine? Would a machine that could pass as human to most interlocutors in this situation be considered human? What the Turing test and recent studies on animal intelligence make us reconsider is whether we should consider "humanity" a matter of our physical or biological nature or something having to do with our abilities to think and feel.  When we think about decision making, we general consider factors grounded in three mental characteristics, emotions, reason, and memory. All three of these are parts of how we defi...

One of the most significant ways in which Odysseus creates trouble for himself and his crew is by ignoring their pleas to take some food and quickly return to their ship when they come to the land of the Cyclops. Instead, he chooses to remain and wait for the Cyclops, Polyphemus, to return to his cave because he wants to see if the Cyclops will offer him a guest gift (such a gift is just one aspect of ancient Greek hospitality, or  xenia,  a religious imperative since they believed that Zeus protected all travelers). He's a little greedy, and this greed results in the deaths of six of his men when it turns out that Polyphemus does not care about Zeus and Zeus's rules. Further, after Odysseus and his men blind Polyphemus in order to escape him, Odysseus's pride compels him to tell the Cyclops his name so that he can take credit for besting the monster. Odysseus taunts him, causing him to tear off huge hunks of mountains and fling them toward the ship, an action that almost f...

The hero’s journey is a story pattern described by Joseph Campbell in his 1949 book The Hero with a Thousand Faces . Also called a “monomyth,” it’s one big story pattern that gets used over and over. Many novels and myths follow this pattern, some tightly and some loosely. There are 17 official parts to the hero’s journey, but hardly any stories actually include all 17. More generally, the hero's journey always involves someone going out into an unknown world, fighting against forces encountered there, then coming back home with some kind of blessing and/or significant personal change. The 17 steps of the journey can also be grouped more loosely into three sections: 1. Departure (all the stuff before the quest really begins) 2. Initiation (all the adventurous stuff) and 3. Return (going back home with new knowledge and/or power). It may be best to organize your understanding of The Prince and the Pauper along these lines, since we won't find parallels to all 17 steps of a hero...

I have heard different values about this myself.  And, the only thing I could gather was it depends upon your perspective. For instance, water is water, so you should be able to drink water.  However, what about the water in the oceans?  That isn't just H2O.  For example, there is also salt in that ocean.  And, that water wouldn't be considered drinkable by many, even though some are trying to cure that with desalinization plants. Or, what about the water in our bodies.  For instance, even though I can drink water, I can't "get at the water" to drink in my brother's body.  And, much of what we are is made of water.  So, that water wouldn't be drinkable. But, then, if you consider the water in the streams, natural streams, that water should be drinkable.  Yes, unless a factory has been throwing its toxic pollutants into it. In summary, the reason why so much water isn't drinkable is because of what that water is already combined with.  We would have to ...

The title of Robert Southey's poem "Inchcape Rock" is based on folktales surrounding a real reef in Scotland named Inchcape Rock or the Bell Rock. This reef is located in the North Sea, off the coast of Angus county. It was a major navigational hazard, responsible for over 100 shipwrecks in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The reason for this is that the reef is barely visible at low tide and completely submerged under water at high tide, making it invisible to mariners.  The legend of the bell attributes its construction to the fourteenth century Abbot of Aberbrothok who placed the bell on a buoy above the reef, warning mariners of the unseen hazard. Southey's poem was written sometime between 1796 and 1798; it was not until 1807 that work began on a lighthouse to safeguard mariners from the reef.  The title itself focuses our attention on the reef, itself a morally neutral natural object, that caused deaths to unwary seafarers, enabled the Abbot to expressed...

Dr. Nemur was not comfortable using Charlie as the subject for the experiment. However, Dr. Strauss was supportive of Charlie’s participation from the initial stages of the project. Strauss was supportive because he believed Charlie was sufficiently motivated for the experiment. Dr. Strauss was more patient compared to Dr. Nemur, who was more concerned with recognition than the experiment. Dr. Nemur wanted to publish Charlie’s test results soon after it was determined that they were making progress. He also wanted to take full credit for the experiment, which showed he was selfish. Dr. Strauss was forced to remind him that he was the one who located and performed the operation on Charlie. He asserted himself as an equal partner in the project, which, if successful, would benefit people globally. Charlie realized that Dr. Nemur was ten years older than Dr. Strauss. At the end of the story, Charlie claimed that Nemur was an uptight person and suggested that he should loosen up. Dr. Nemur...

Renaissance Humanism was an international movement in European culture. Its major focus was on revival of classical Greek and Latin culture, in opposition to the scholasticism of the late middle ages. The humanists advocated a return "ad fontes" (to the sources). This meant a concerted effort to find original Greek manuscripts of both the Bible and ancient literary, scientific, and philosophical texts and to engage in meticulous editing to recuperate the original phrasing and meaning.  While scholastic philosophy was very technical and scientific, accessible only to specialists, the humanists had a greater appreciation for what we now would consider belles lettres, essayistic writing aimed towards a general educated audience. The humanists were especially interested in letter writing and saw Cicero's letters as models for emulation.  Latin was the international language of humanism. In a rebellion against what they considered the barbaric nature of Church Latin, humanists...

During the Great Depression, the traditional family structure often fell apart as farms failed and jobs grew scarce. Fathers left to find work and young single men hesitated to enter serious relationships, given the financial responsibilities attached thereto. These men often traveled and worked solely in the company of other men in a world devoid of mothers and wives. Aunt Clara and the Clara of the brothel represent surrogates, or stand-ins, for those respective roles. We first encounter the non-traditional family setting when Lenny refers to his Aunt Clara, who "used to give [mice] to me.... I'd pet 'em." When Lennie threatens to run away, George reminds him, "Your Aunt Clara wouldn't like you running off by yourself, even if she is dead." This is obviously a woman who has loved and nurtured Lennie. Later, at the ranch, George tells Slim, "I knowed his Aunt Clara. She took him when he was a baby and raised him up." The timing would have prec...

Requirements will vary by instructor, and I cannot emphasize enough that your best option would be to contact whoever gave you this assignment to be certain. But there would be nothing wrong with citing the resource you linked to, as it seems to be essentially a compilation of information that is relevant to your topic. An analogy would be quoting from an excerpt from a book that was contained within an anthology rather than using the book itself, and there is really nothing wrong with that. As you say, however, this resource does have pretty extensive references in its own right, and your paper might benefit from tracking a few of them down to learn more about the standards. But my judgement would be that unless you're specifically barred from using sources like this, there would be nothing wrong with citing this compilation as a source--as it says, it is intended to be a resource for professionals ("owners, engineers, architects, and hospital personnel") so it is surely...

Granny is offended by the men from the county in “Blues Ain’t No Mockingbird” by Toni Cade Bambara. The first mistake the men make is filming Granny’s property without her permission. They hid in the trees surrounding the property while filming as the children played in the yard and Granny worked on her Christmas cakes. When the men from the county entered the property, they continued to film and patronized Granny by calling her “Aunty.” They did not greet her, instead they spoke about the “nice things” on her property, which angered Granny. “Nice things here,” said the man, buzzin his camera over the yard. The pecan barrels, the sled, me and Cathy, the flowers, the printed stones along the driveway, the trees, the twins, the toolshed. “I don’t know about the thing, the it, and the stuff,” said Granny, still talkin with her eyebrows. “Just people here is what I tend to consider." Being an independent woman, she did not appreciate their arrogant intrusion into her private family li...

When the Supreme Court of the United States exercises its power of judicial review, it is more likely to benefit the interests of the less popular groups in the country.  To understand why this is so, let us think about what happens when the Court exercises this power. When the Court engages in judicial review it invalidates a law that has been passed by Congress and signed by the president. So what does that tell us about this question?  Is a law that has been passed by Congress and signed by the President (or by a legislature and signed by a state governor) more likely to represent what the powerful want or what the less popular groups want?  The answer is that such laws typically represent what the popular majority wants. Laws do not generally pass Congress (or a state legislature) if they are not acceptable to popular majorities. The legislative branches are set up so that they will respond to the will of the people.  The will of the people is usually the same as the will of the po...

Some possible topics for debate that reflect debates taking place around the country and the world are the following: Should students be allowed to have cell phones at school? How do social networking sites affect teenagers? Are violent video games permissible for children? Should students be required to wear uniforms to school? Should the death penalty be allowed in the United States? When you choose an issue to debate, pick a strong stance and start with an opening that draws in your audience. Do some research on your topic so that you can cite evidence that proves your point. Spend some time thinking about and researching the other side of the issue, and devote some time in your speech to offering counterarguments to the other side. Conclude your speech with a convincing statement, and be sure to make eye contact with your audience and to speak clearly. 

One purpose in writing  Midnight's Children  was to demonstrate the impossibility of a perfectly accurate retelling of history.   When we normally think of "history," our mind drifts to an undisputed account. There is a belief that history has to be an objective and absolutely correct retelling of how factual events took place.  When we believe in this single notion of history, we tend to silence other voices or perceptions. Embracing this retelling of history lends power to people who lay claim to the "truth" in the retelling of historical narratives. One of Rushdie's purposes in writing  Midnight's Children was to challenge this view of history.  Rushdie wants to address the history of modern India and Pakistan through the embrace of different stories.  There is no singular "authority" in Rushdie's version.  Saleem is the narrator, and claims to be infallible. However, he makes many errors in retelling the narrative of India, Pakistan, a...

DNA is a double-helix formed from two complementary strands that are attached by hydrogen bonds connecting the nitrogenous base pairs in the middle . The rules for base-pairing in DNA are as follows: adenine pairs to thymine and cytosine pairs to guanine. If there are 200 adenines in the DNA, it follows there must also be 200 thymines. Each adenine and thymine are held together by a hydrogen bond. Therefore, there must be 200 hydrogen bonds between them . If there are 500 guanines, there are also 500 cytosines because they are complementary and form base pairs. Again, there must be 500 hydrogen bonds holding each guanine to each cytosine. The total amount of hydrogen bonds in this molecule of DNA is 700 . And, when DNA replicates, these weak bonds are broken, the double helix unwinds and separates, and either half can be used as a template for replication. I have included a link showing the placement of hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix.

There are many things you can take into consideration when writing a thesis on Macbeth in relation to the play's ending. I recommend you focus on the following -- the play's ending suggests that if one relies on unchecked ambition, rejects morality, and eventually embraces evil, one is bound to be defeated sooner or later. This argument can be supported if we take a look at what happens to Macbeth, our tragic hero. His unchecked ambition, which is his tragic flaw, overpowers him and leaves him unable to think rationally. Macbeth's plan to become the untouchable king of Scotland not only involves murdering anyone who stands in his way, but it also entails ignoring the most fundamental human values one needs to live by. Macbeth's intention is to thrive in the world where one gains power by resorting to the power of evil. He sells his soul to the forces of evil and becomes a cold-blooded murderer, incapable of remorse and redemption: I have almost forgot the taste of fear...