Skip to main content

adjectives - Are the words "sillily", "uglily", "friendlily", "livelily", etc., valid English?


I have wondered about how to make the words silly, ugly, friendly, lively, etc. into adverbs, so I researched in the Internet. I found many different answers, so I tried checking Oxford Dictionaries.


However, Oxford Dictionaries still gave me two answers:




  • this is from Oxford Dictionaries’ online grammar reference, “forming adverbs” page



    Adjectives that end in -ly, such as friendly or lively, can’t be made into adverbs by adding -ly. You have to use a different form of words, e.g. ‘in a friendly way’ or ‘in a lively way’ instead




  • from the dictionary entries: there are results from typing sillily, uglily, friendlily, livelily into Oxford Dictionaries’ website (online dictionary)


That’s quite an obvious contradiction from one of the most famous dictionary providers of the world!


So, are the words sillily, uglily, friendlily, livelily, etc. valid English?




Note: I already saw the “comparative and superlative adverbs” question that asked about the word sillily but I don't see any sources in there that are trustworthy enough (compared to oxford dictionaries), so I'm asking a new question.


EDIT: I've already reported the mistake to Oxford Dictionaries. They said that those words are valid (although rare) and it's a mistake in the reference, They say they will get it fixed soon.



Answer



If you use the real OED, you will find all these with no trouble:



burlily, chillily, cleanlily, comelily, deadlily, friendlily, ghastlily, ghostlily, godlily, holily, homelily, jellily, jollily, kindlily, livelily, lonelily, lordlily, lovelily, lowlily, manlily, melancholily, oilily, portlily, sicklily, sillily, sprightlily, statelily, surlily, uglily, unfriendlily, ungodlily, unholily, unmanlily, wilily, woollily, worldlily.



So there is clearly ample evidence that this sort of thing exists.


Here in more detail is the OED entry for sillily:



sillily [ˈsɪlɪlɪ], adv.


Etymology: f. silly a. + -ly 2.




  1. Poorly, badly. Obs. rare.



    • 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxv. (1887) 126 — The soule it selfe is but sillyly looked to, while the bodie is in price.

    • 1611 Cotgr., s.v. Manger, — He that makes himselfe simple shall be sillily vsed.




  2. In a foolish, absurd, or senseless manner.



    • 1627 W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 256 — How doe wee sillily call all Idolatrous, that is in vse amongst Idolaters?

    • 1658 A. Fox Würtz’ Surg. iii. xi. 248 — Such Wounds which were very deep, and were silily and ignorantly stitched.

    • 1712 Steele Spect. No. 466 P6 — [She] affects to please so sillily, that..you see the Simpleton from Head to Foot.

    • 1740–1 Richardson Pamela I. xxiv. 67 — He sat down, and look’d at me, and..as sillily as such a poor Girl as I.

    • 1805 Spirit Publ. Jrnls. IX. 4 — They sillily interested themselves in the event of a new experiment.

    • 1843 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 254 — Neither have I sillily paid four or five pounds away for it.

    • 1864 Browning Dram. Pers. Wks. 1896 I. 573/2, — I took your arm And sillily smiled.





So it has clearly been around for a long time.


That should answer your question about whether sillily is “valid English”. Sure, you may not care for it, but it is unquestionably an English word of long-standing use.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

etymology - Origin of the greeting "Sweet dreams".

Does anybody know the etymology of the phrase "sweet dreams"? I tried googling but did not find anything satisfying. Is this a relatively new phrase of the modern world or has this been in use for some time? I think it's the latter one. Answer The OED has the interjection as "a farewell to someone going to bed" from the 20th century: 1908 Sears Roebuck Catal. 198/1 Tenor Solos..Good Bye, Sweet Dreams, Good Bye. But it goes back until at least the 19th and possibly 18th centuries. John Wolcot, writing under the pseudonym of Peter Pindar, used it in his poem "Orson and Ellen; A Legendary Tale" published in 1801: Also from 1801 in The infernal Quixote (Page 287) by Charles Lucas: In the March 1776 of The Universal Magazine was published "The Serenade. A Pastoral Tale. From the German of Gesner" , where the shepherd Daphnis watches over his beloved as she sleeps and sings: The same tale appears in 1776's as Idyl XI, " Daphnis ...

Is there a word/phrase for "unperformant"?

As a software engineer, I need to sometimes describe a piece of code as something that lacks performance or was not written with performance in mind. Example: This kind of coding style leads to unmaintainable and unperformant code. Based on my Google searches, this isn't a real word. What is the correct way to describe this? EDIT My usage of "performance" here is in regard to speed and efficiency. For example, the better the performance of code the faster the application runs. My question and example target the negative definition, which is in reference to preventing inefficient coding practices. Answer This kind of coding style leads to unmaintainable and unperformant code. In my opinion, reads more easily as: This coding style leads to unmaintainable and poorly performing code. The key to well-written documentation and reports lies in ease of understanding. Adding poorly understood words such as performant decreases that ease. In addressing the use of such a poorly ...

What are the similarities between the relationships of the characters in The Outsiders and Romeo and Juliet?

At first glance, it might appear as if the characters in  The Outsiders  by S. E. Hinton and  Romeo and Juliet  by William Shakespeare do not have much in common; however, when one isolates the core of the conflicts, it becomes clear that the relationships in both stories are rooted in rivalry and secrecy.  In both  The Outsiders  and  Romeo and Juliet , an overarching theme is rivalry. While   socioeconomic status separates the greasers from the Socs in The Outsiders , last names separates the Montagues from the Capulets, who appear to be relatively equal in terms of socioeconomic status. Due to these rivalries, there are instances of deadly interactions in both stories. In  The Outsiders , Johnny kills Bob (whether his actions were justified or not is debatable). In  Romeo and Juliet , Romeo kills Tybalt and Paris, and Tybalt kills Mercutio. These deaths have profound effects on the main characters. In Ponyboy's case, the Johnny's death and other events in the novel inspire h...