In "Once Upon a Time," do the husband and the wife cause their own tragedy?

Looking at the story, it is difficult to argue that the husband and wife were not at least partially responsible for the death of their son. Their fear of "people of another color" leads them to put up outlandish and ineffective security measures; unaware of the lethal nature of some of the measures after a childhood surrounded by them, the son decides to play a game within the vicious teeth of the wire coil. And yet it is obviously not by design that the son dies, and so the question still remains: is it their fault?

To decide whether the husband and wife caused their own downfall, let's take a look at the foreshadowing in the story to see where the author intended for the blame to be placed.

The first element of foreshadowing is present on the sign that the homeowners association provides for the gate: YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED. The reader is meant to see these words and recognize that the family has begun to walk an unwise path. It is a rather odd phrase to put on a sign, after all, and therefore it makes sense that it must serve another purpose during the story.

Later, it is revealed that the son regards the security measures as toys:

The little boy was fascinated by the device and used it as a walkie-talkie in cops and robbers play with his small friends.

Playing with an intercom is not a worrisome act in itself, but it shows that the son is too comfortable with the security measures. He does not see them as precautions but rather as toys. He is only a child and cannot be blamed for such things, but the practice does not appear to be discouraged.

The next bit of foreshadowing occurs in conjunction with the installation of the wire coil: the security company who installs it is called DRAGON'S TEETH, a name that brings the reader back to the theme of fairy tales.

Finally, the "wise old witch," the husband's mother, brings the family gifts in the form of bricks for the wall and a book of fairy tales for the boy. The “wise old witch” is a reflection of the South African government, which promoted racially-based hatred and irrational hysteria; that she provides both the inciting action and the means of the downfall places a fair proportion of the blame not only on the character in the story but on the government in Gordimer’s allegory.

So whose fault is it, in the end? It is accurate to say that the man and wife caused their own downfall, having fallen victim to hysteria and installed the lethal fence, but to say that they alone caused their son’s death is to place too much importance on them. The “wise old witch” is just as much a contributing factor, and ultimately the various causes are inseparable: fear begets fear and hatred begets hatred until atrocity occurs.