Notes

In Death of a Salesman the expectations of two particular parents, Willy Loman and his neighbor Charley, seem to definitely make a difference in the outcome of their children. In Willy Loman's mind, success is a combination of personal and physical charm, popularity, and being "well-liked" by others. Sacrifice is not a requirement for success. In fact, bypassing sacrifice and figuring out ways to beat the system are factors that Willy favors more. These were the expectations he placed on Biff, his son. Willy also lived vicariously through the successes of Biff in school. Bernard can get the best marks Bernard can get the best marks but when he gets out in the business world [...] you are going to be five times ahead of him. [...] You're both built like Adonises. In turn, Biff lived his entire life not pulling his weight entirely to do anything. His plans for life were as shallow as his father's expectations. Most importantly, he never really amounted to anything ...

Take your pick.  The book is filled with wonderful moments.  Your job is going to be to explain why you picked the event that you picked.   I like the revenge scheme against Janice Avery.  Janice is a bully, and I don't like bullies.  Reading about Jess and Leslie getting sweet revenge by embarrassing Janice with a fake love letter is a great sequence in the book.  Their plot is creative.  It's effective, and they get away with it.   I also really like the Christmas gift exchange between Jess and Leslie.  Each gave the other person a gift that the other person appreciated deeply.  They were heartfelt gifts of love.  Not meaningless gifts that will soon be forgotten.   Lastly, I really like the school running competitions.  I like that part for personal reasons.  I'm a runner, and I like running.  I also really like that part because Leslie enters the competition and beats all of the boys.  I like the way  that she enters and leaves the competition. She doesn't come in s...

In its presentation and content, realistic drama strives to preserve the illusion of real, everyday life. Susan Glaspell's  Trifles,  first performed in 1916 and based upon a true story of a woman who lived an isolated life on a farm in Iowa and killed her husband, includes many realistic elements.  Here are some realistic elements in  Trifles : Characterization Mr. Wright is presented as a rather taciturn man, a man who is also unconcerned with the "trifles" that would matter to his wife, such as a party telephone line. So, when Mr. Hale comes to the Wright's house and asks John Wright if he would like to go in with him on a party-line phone, Wright abruptly replies that "people talk too much anyway." Hale adds, "I went to the house and talked about it before to his wife, though I said to Harry that I didn't know as what his wife wanted made much difference to John—" As Mrs. Wright talks, she pleats her apron nervously, distracted from the thi...

To determine the power function `y=ax^b` from the given coordinates: `(3,1)` and `(5,4)` , we set-up system of equations by plug-in the values of x and y on `y=ax^b` . Using the coordinate `(3,1)` , we let `x=3` and `y =1` . First equation: `1 = a*3^b` Using the coordinate `(5,4)` , we let `x=5` and `y =4` . Second equation: `4 = a*5^b` Isolate "`a` " from the first equation. `1 = a*3^b` `1/3^b= (a*3^b)/3^b` `a= 1/3^b` Plug-in `a=1/3^b` on `4 = a*5^b` , we get: `4 = 1/3^b*5^b` `4= 1*5^b/3^b` `4= 1*(5/3)^b` `4= (5/3)^b` Take the "`ln` " on both sides to bring down the exponent by applying the natural logarithm property:` ln(x^n)=n*ln(x)` . `ln(4)=ln((5/3)^b)` `ln(4)=b ln(5/3)` Divide both sides by `ln(5/3)` to isolate `b.` `(ln(4))/(ln(5/3))=(b ln(5/3))/(ln(5/3))` `b =(ln(4))/(ln(5/3)) or 2.714` (approximated value) Plug-in `b~~ 2.714` on `a=1/3^b` , we get: `a=1/3^2.714` `a~~0.051` Plug-in `a~~0.051` and `b~~2.714` on `y=ax^b` , we get the power function as: `y =0....

The ants first attack—and then consume—the eyes of their victim so it will be blinded. They also bite wherever flesh is exposed because they can inject their poison into the victim. During the war between Leiningen and the "act of God," one peon strikes at a clump of ants with his spade, but does not pull it back quickly enough, and the ants swarm up the wooden haft. Unfortunately, he does not drop it in time before the ants are upon him. They lost no time; wherever they encountered bare flesh they bit deeply; a few, bigger than the rest, carried in their hindquarters a sting which injected a burning and paralyzing venom. Later, Leiningen sees a pampas stag that is covered by ants. "As usual they had attacked its eye first." Witnessing this poor, tortured animal causes Leiningen to imagine what could easily be his fate, too. He wonders if he should have listened to the official, and if, in his inflated pride, he may have taken on more this time than he can manage.

  Your question is interesting, because I am not sure if the alien would be describing the planet itself or the inhabitants of Earth.  For argument's sake let's say that the alien is part of an exploration group.  The alien would look at the length of our day, our atmosphere, and plant and animal life.  The alien would also describe mineral resources and may even scout for possible landing and colonization sites.  Aliens would also look for samples of life to take home with them for further experimentation.   Aliens would also comment on the most advanced species on the planet, which would be humans.  Were the humans friendly or dangerous?  Were the humans intelligent?  All of these things would be part of a useful description for future alien visitors.  When writing your answer, try to keep in mind the alien's reason for describing Earth.  

I can think of one important application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in today's society.  As we teach students, we can gain insight into their struggles if we understand Maslow's theory.  The lowest needs on the pyramid must be met in order for a student to learn properly.  The student who is hungry cannot concentrate.  The student who is homeless is likely to be too troubled to learn. The student who is not safe is too anxious to sit and read a book.  If these lower needs are not met, there can be no learning, and it continues to amaze me that American education has not addressed these problems, stubbornly believing that standardized tests and a common set of standards make students learn.  If you are tired, hungry, frightened, and cold, how much learning are you going to be able to accomplish? I know teachers who allow students to nap for this reason. I know teachers who bring food for their students.  They understand that no matter what they do, if the students' l...

Iodine or bromine are commonly used to determine the content of unsaturated fats in oil. Unsaturated fats are so called since they contain one or more double bonds. Iodine or bromine attaches to these double bonds and hence a solution of such a halogen gets decolorized. Thus, if we have a given concentration of iodine solution, to which the oil sample is added, the leftover amount of iodine will determine the amount of unsaturated fats in the given sample. The following is an example reaction for this process: `CH_3(CH_2)_7CH=CH(CH_2)_7COOH + 3I_2 -> CH_3(CH_2)_7CI_2-CI_2(CH_2)_7COOH + 2HI` Here, the oleic acid reacts with iodine, which attaches to the carbon atoms at the double bond. This loss of iodine from the solution causes decoloration of the solution. The left over iodine can be measured by titration against sodium thiosulfate. Hope this helps. 

The main source for Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar was North's English translation of Plutarch's Lives . Many of what we now would consider "supernatural" elements were simply ordinary parts of Roman religion. In ancient Rome, the gods were closely connected to natural phenomena and unusual natural phenomena were considered portents of good or bad fortune. Professional seers also would closely observe both the entrails of animal sacrifices and the heavens to determine the future as it was divinely willed and foretold. In the play, some examples of this are Calpurnia's nightmare, the seer's warning about the Ides of March, the storm on the Ides of March, the appearance of Caesar's ghost to Brutus, and various prodigies and auguries such as those referenced in the following lines: A lioness hath whelped in the streets. And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead. Two critical works which discuss this theme are: Stephen M. Buhler. "No Spectr...

When Tom Walker encounters him, the Devil is busy cutting down trees. He tells Tom Walker that he will have a good harvest of firewood for winter. As Tom surveys his surroundings, he realizes that the Devil has scored the names of important men onto certain trees. The trees are all tall and magnificent in build. However, Tom notices that one of the trees appear to be "fair and flourishing without, but rotten at the core." This tree has Deacon Peabody's name on it, and Tom marks that the tree is almost ready to fall. In fact, the trunk Tom has been seated on bears the name of Crowninshield, a wealthy man who lived an ostentatious (showy) life, purportedly acquired through buccaneering (piracy). When Tom confronts the Devil about his right to cut down the trees, the Devil answers that the land belonged to him long before any settlers set foot on it. He imagines himself a judge, the "great patron and prompter of slave dealers, and the grand master of the Salem witches....

`a_n=(2n)/sqrt(n^2+1)` To find the limit of a sequence, let n approach infinity. `lim_(n->oo) a_n` `=lim_(n->oo) (2n)/sqrt(n^2+1)` `= lim_(n->oo) (2n)/sqrt(n^2(1+1/n^2))` `=lim_(n->oo) (2n)/(nsqrt(1+1/n^2))` `=lim_(n->oo) 2/sqrt(1+1/n^2)` `=(lim_(n->oo)2)/(lim_(n->oo)sqrt(1+1/n^2))` `=2/sqrt(1+0)` `=2` Therefore, the limit of the sequence is 2.

The setting begins in Germany, where Professor Lidenbrock lives with his nephew, Axel. They journey to Iceland, where they have learned lies the entrance of a passage to the center of the earth. The story takes the two men, along with their guide Hans, through the subterranean passages that lead to an underground world. In this world they find an ocean, along with dinosaurs and prehistoric men. The setting is important, of course, because it provides the way along which they journey. It has hidden dangers in abundance, and there is no quick escape route along the way (until the very end). These dangers move the plot along by providing adventures for the travelers, which they always manage to escape. Unlike many of Jules Verne’s stories, the scientific background for this passage to the center of the earth is unfounded. It is now believed that the earth is molten rock for much of the center, making such a passage impossible. Yet much of the geology has some scientific basis, and thus gi...

The term "sleep cycle" refers to the sequence of stages we pass through as we sleep. Typically, a sleeper repeats the cycle several times each night. Sleep cycles have been observed in many species of mammal and birds. They have also been detected in some reptiles, like the lizard called the "Australian dragon." But here I will focus my discussion on sleep cycles in human adults. Sleep cycles in other species -- and in human infants -- look somewhat different. The stages of sleep have been defined primarily by electrical brain activity detected via electroencephalograms, or EEGs. If you want to understand what a sleep cycle is, it's helpful to know a little about this electrical activity. The EEG measures changes in voltage caused by patterns of neural firing in the brain. When we're awake, most of our neurons fire according to their own, varied rhythms. But as we fall asleep, more neurons begin to fire in synchrony with each other. This gives rise to a dist...

Arthropoda is the largest phylum of invertebrates. But more than that, it is the largest phylum in the entire animal kingdom.  According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, about 84% of all known animal species are arthropods, a group distinguished by a jointed exoskeleton of chitin -- armor made from a complex sugar that is excreted by the epidermis. The basic body plan is modular. Typically, most body segments bear a pair of appendages, and the body segments are grouped into three function units: The head, the thorax, and the abdomen. Arthropods share some characteristics with vertebrates, like bilateral symmetry. But they also differ in many ways. For example, they possess an open circulatory system, in which blood flows freely within the body cavity, rather than through blood vessels. The phylum Arthropoda is currently divided into four subphyla: Myriapoda (including centipedes and millipedes) Chelicerata (including spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites) Crustacea, (including crabs, cr...

Pederasty would have been considered a normal practice within ancient Greek culture. There weren't really histories of pederasty as such, but rather pederasty was reflected in Greek art, theater, poetry, and history just as heterosexual practices are reflected in many aspects of modern European cultural productions. One underlying factor in the prevalence of pederasty was the extreme homosociality of Greek culture. In general, men socialized with men and women with women, and there was little opportunity for cross-gender social interaction, meaning that friendship and affection were almost exclusively focused on people of the same gender, with the exception of some female courtesans and entertainers participating in male social events. The narrative of pederasty was intertwined with that of masculinity. First, we find a view that the older erômenos expressed masculinity by acting as the penetrator. In a variety of sexual activities, including oral and anal ones, intercourse with wo...

Byzantine Art is important because of its influence within Christianity art and architecture over nearly a millennium.   The Byzantine Empire picks up with the dwindling of the Roman Empire in the early fourth century when Constantine I issues the Edict of Milan to lift the ban on Christianity.  Constantine names the capital city Constantinople, a name it retains until the rise of the Ottoman Turks in the 1400s.  The art of Byzantine society canonizes Greek and Roman styles, yet shifts in subject from the natural world to religious imagery.  The public emergence of the Christianity creates a demand for images and architecture that promote worship through the communication of religious messages.   One style of Byzantine Art that was especially influential is the icon painting.  Icons are paintings on wood that depict people important to the mythology of the Christian religion.  Christ, Mary, and the saints were all popular subjects.   Icon paintings could be worshipped in public or at h...

Elizabeth's attitude toward Mr. Darcy during her stay in Hunsford is really no different than it had been when she was at home.  She still finds him to be proud and rude and irksome.  When she learns from his cousin that Mr. Darcy "congratulated himself on having lately saved a friend from the inconveniences of a most imprudent marriage," she realizes that Colonel Fitzwilliam is talking about Mr. Bingley and her sister, Jane, and this makes her dislike Darcy all that much more.  She feels that "he was the cause, his pride and caprice were the cause of all that Jane had suffered, and still continued to suffer."  He had ruined Jane's chance at happiness, and he seemed proud of himself, by the Colonel's account.  It infuriates Elizabeth. Then, however, Darcy proposes to her, which might normally be considered a compliment, but he does it in such an awful way that it comes across more like an insult.  At first, despite her "deeply-rooted dislike" o...

In the novel Black Beauty , the horse has many masters, good and bad. In Chapter 12, Black Beauty's master and his friend John had to travel on business and used Black Beauty as their carthorse. It was storming very heavily, which made the journey difficult for all of them. Still, the horse did not complain too much and kept on going, to the master's delight. As they traveled down the road, a gigantic oak tree whose roots had become ripped up from the ground fell down in front of them. Black Beauty was spooked, but kept on the trail, trembling a little with shock. Because the tree had fallen, they were forced to take another road that was more dangerous and led them over a large river. At this point, Black Beauty refuses to cross the bridge, and the master nudges him on, though he knows that crossing would be extremely dangerous and might end in tragedy. Nothing appears to be wrong with the bridge, however, so he nudges the horse on and gives him a little whip. Still, Black Bea...

The speaker's overwhelming state of mind in "After Apple-Picking" is tired and reflective. He was already tired in the beginning of the day when he took a drink and is even more exhausted after a long day spent picking apples. Physically, he is sore and worn out. His instep still feels the imprint of the ladder rung that he spent all day standing upon. He describes the ladder as "long," which gives us an image of our speaker getting tired from climbing up and down the ladder all day long.  During the poem, the speaker slips in and out of lucid thoughts and dream-like imaginations as he is drifting off. He sees images of larger-than-life red apples floating in front of his eyes. We can tell that our speaker is conscious of unfinished business, even though he appears to be done with apple-picking for the most part. He describes his ladder still in place within the tree branches, with an empty barrel next to it. He speculates about whether there are still any apple...

Cassie says Stacey feels responsible for T.J. because he realizes that he is vulnerable. Cassie says she doesn’t really like T.J., and neither does their brother Little Man. Stacey is much more willing to accept T.J. and his underhanded pranks and shenanigans, such as telling his mother lies so his brother is punished instead of him. When T.J. shows up at the Logan house in the dark telling them he is in trouble, Stacey suggests he go to R.W. and Melvin. T.J. tells them he is the one who got him into trouble.  I . . . I’m sick, Stacey. I gotta get home ’fore my daddy wake up. . . He say I stay ’way from that house one more night, he gonna put me out, and he mean it, too. He put me out, I got no place to go. You gotta help me (Chapter 11).  T.J. tells them what happened: he broke into the store with R.W. and Melvin to steal the gun and attacked the store owners. This is why there is a lynch mob after him. Cassie doesn't want Stacey to get involved, but she knows he will try to help ...

Drawing isn't a talent picked up easily. It requires many hours of practise to draw like a professional. Having the ability to translate and interpret what you see in the drawing is a critical skill. Having the ability to correctly draw tone, line and shape is by far the most difficult to learn, yet most essential key to drawing like a professional. A good way to acquire this skill is to practise lots. It may seem like the obvious way to acquire this skill but it is definitely the most practical.  Materials are also an important factor of how well your drawings quality may be. Find the right pencil for you. You may like a firm pencil or a softer pencil. Your hand will be more relaxed if you have the correct pencil meaning that your mind will be more concentrated, thus giving you a better final result. Paper wise I suggest using smooth bristol. One side is smooth and the other side gives you texture, and there are so many shapes, sizes and colours. The  subject is also a fairly im...

The United States has a long history of viewing binding international treaties with skepticism, and Congress has often rejected international accords that its members feel might restrict or in some way inhibit the growth of U.S. industry or foreign policy. This reticence to submit to being governed by international accords stems partly from the notion of American Exceptionalism, the idea that the United States is both morally and practically superior to other nations and therefore should only submit to its own laws, or risk losing its position as a pre-eminent economic and military power. This impulse also stems from the United States’ historical isolationism, which stems from the earliest days of the republic, and the notion that the so-called "American experiment" was in part a creation of a new world order, and even a new world.  This isolationist and exceptionalist mindset was famously demonstrated by Congressional Republicans in the early 1920s, when they refused to sign...

The main conflict in Ray Bradbury's 1952 short story, "A Sound of Thunder," is man vs.nature. Eckels lets his fear of the beast he is hunting overtake him, and in so doing, makes careless mistakes. These mistakes have monumental consequences for the whole of human history.  The story takes place in the future and centers on a man named Eckels who hunts big game. He has conquered all the big game in his environment and is drawn to a company called Time Safari, Inc., which specializes in time travel hunting. He pays a large sum of money to hunt a Tyrannosaurus Rex during the Cretaceous period.  Travis, his safari guide, has carefully explained the importance of not disturbing anything in the past. The company takes many precautions to ensure that what they do in the past doesn't alter the future.  Before they take clients on a safari, a guide goes back in time to scout out an animal that was going to die of some natural cause. They calibrate the hunting expedition to wi...

Slavery existed in each of the thirteen original colonies, though it was far more widespread in the southern colonies (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia) than further north. The southern colonies depended on staple crops--tobacco in Virginia and rice in the eastern Carolinas and Georgia--and deemed enslaved labor the most profitable means of cultivating them. Further north, enslaved people worked as servants and in other jobs, like dockworkers. New York City had a very large enslaved population throughout the colonial period. But in New England in particular, there were only very small numbers of slaves, and slavery was first outlawed--by a series of state court decisions--in Massachusetts in 1781-83, after the American Revolutionary War. Other states followed over the next few decades with gradual emancipation schemes, and by the 1840s, the institution was illegal everywhere north of the Chesapeake. But none of the original thirteen colonies banned slavery before t...

The children are probably intended to represent the next generation of citizens who are being taught how to participate in the annual lottery. It is because each new generation of children is taught to participate, and sees their parents and parents' parents participate, that the lottery continues. The whole procedure of drawing and stoning is solemn and serious, although there is no sense to it, and never was. If children were not indoctrinated at the earliest age, the lottery would cease to exist. Little Davy, who is a member of the Hutchinson family, appears to be only about two years old, yet he is being shown how to draw the slip of paper which could contain the black spot that would mean his own death. A group of boys who are a bit older already know the important rules. They are collecting rocks to throw at the person who will be selected. All ages are represented in the story for the purpose of showing that the lottery is an age-old tradition. Davy will be like Old Man Warn...

There are many ways to empower a team. They range from the most basic to more challenging methods. The most basic method is to give teams more power. I know that sounds obvious, but in practice, it is fairly rare. Teams are often given tasks: Do this. Write up that. Produce four options for X, and so on. Giving teams more power to do more would empower them. Along with that, you would give the teams more responsibility. Rather than treating teams as flunkies or functionaries, give teams responsibility for solving major problems. Don't dictate methods to them, but let them do the work their own way. The next steps take more investment on the part of managers. Give these teams more time to complete their team tasks. If the project is quite important, this might mean relieving team members of all other responsibilities. Next, managers need to give the team what it needs to complete its responsibilities. This might mean providing material support: money to purchase machinery, travel fu...

Wolfsheim's cuff buttons are one of those details from The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald) that really stick in one's mind whether one wants them to or not.  The shock of finding out they are made of human teeth can almost make a reader miss what Wolfsheim has to say next to Nick.  He has already told Nick that Gatsby is a man of "fine breeding" (76), whom a person can take home to meet his mother.  After letting Nick know about the cuff buttons, he tells Nick that Gatsby "would never so much as look at a friend's wife" (77). At this point, Gatsby has already met privately with Jordan Baker, to explain to her his and Daisy's history and to ask her to ask Nick if Nick will arrange for Daisy to come to Nick's house for tea, so Gatsby can meet her there.  Wolfsheim is no doubt right in his assessment of Gatsby as a faithful friend, but Tom Buchanan is not Gatsby's friend. 

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt did many things to try to deal with the Great Depression. At times, he used his fireside chats to communicate his plans. Most people had radios, and President Roosevelt became a master at utilizing the radio to spread his messages to the American people. One of the first actions that President Roosevelt took was the passage of the Emergency Banking and Relief Act. This law closed all of the nation’s banks. Only the strongest banks would be allowed to reopen. President Roosevelt used one of his fireside chats to tell the American people they needed to have confidence in what he was doing with the banking system and in the banking system itself. He explained to our people what he was doing with the banks and why he was doing it. He suggested that our banks were placed in a difficult spot partially because people lost confidence in the banking system. His message was heard. When the banks reopened, more money was deposited in the banks than withdrawn from t...

Yeats is one of my favorite poets! Does your assignment allow you to choose any poems? I am assuming you have to tailor your thesis statement to discuss these three works. I think you could definitely refer to Yeats' love of Ireland with all three of these; in particular, "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" has so much landscape imagery and also the strong element of faery folklore which is central to the Irish mythos. I am not sure I would call any of these three poems you have listed here "patriotic," however. I think of Yeats' more political poems as being patriotic, if what you mean by that is a demonstration of his love for his nation and his desire to illuminate Ireland's political challenges. There are a number of well-known poems by Yeats that are considered excellent examples of his political stance with regard to his homeland, such as "The Second Coming" or "Easter, 1916" in which he writes with definite reference to political atti...

The Puritans wanted to change or "purify" the Church of England.  Though the Church of England was established to be separate from the Roman Catholic Church, it still resembled it in many ways.  The Puritans disagreed with this.  They were against doctrine and liturgy that originated in the Roman Catholic Church and yet remained in the Church of England.  The Puritans wanted to look to the Bible for church doctrine, rather than to the traditions of Catholicism.  They wanted the Bible alone to be their source and guide in matters of the church.  They felt that this would be a way of truly separating from the Roman Catholic Church.   While some considered Puritans to be judgmental and close-minded, their movement grew in England.  In addition to changes in the Church, Puritans also believed in living a lifestyle based on Biblical principals.  They believed in keeping the Sabbath and behaving in a manner which honored God.

A balanced chemical equation is one in which the atoms of each species are equal on the reactant and product side. Let us use the example of photosynthesis to see how equations can be balanced. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants containing chlorophyll convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Oxygen is also a product of this reaction. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of sunlight to form glucose and oxygen. Thus, the basic chemical equation can be written as: CO2 + H2O + sunlight -> C6H12O6 + O2 Let us count the number of atoms of each species on both sides of the equation: C: reactant side = 1, product side = 6 H: reactant side = 2, product side = 12 O: reactant side = 3, product side = 8 Thus, none of the species are balanced. Let us start with carbon. We can multiply CO2 by a factor of 6 to balance it. Step 1: 6CO2 + H2O + sunlight -> C6H12O6 + O2 Now carbon is balanced. Let us similarly balanced hydrogen by multip...

The main conflict throughout the novel involves the circumstances surrounding Bruno and Shmuel's friendship. Since Bruno is the son of a Nazi Commandant and Shmuel is a Jewish prisoner, their friendship is forbidden. Bruno and Shmuel are forced to meet in secret and talk between the fence that separates them. Despite the fact that they cannot play together and are forbidden from interacting, Bruno and Shmuel develop a strong friendship. Shmuel listens to Bruno, and Bruno brings Shmuel food each trip. Bruno eventually agrees to help Shmuel find his father and crawls underneath the fence. Unfortunately, the boys are forced to march with a group of Jewish prisoners to a gas chamber. Although the two boys die, the conflict is resolved because their friendship and loyalty transcend their terrible environment. At Auschwitz, the boys' friendship was forbidden, but in death, they are given the chance to be together for eternity. 

The Republican Party was founded in 1854. It was an offshoot of the Whig Party, a group that espoused classic liberalism, a set of beliefs that emphasized the values of a free market economy and personal liberty in matters of religion and other forms of civic life. One important issue for the Whigs is that they had their origins in England, where there was a state church, the Church of England. It was not until 1854 that Dissenters (people not members of the Church of England) could attend Oxford University. Dissenters tended to support the Whig Party because of its emphasis on religious freedom. Evangelicals were especially opposed to slavery on religious grounds. Evangelicals also tended to support other radical ideas including temperance (prohibition of alcohol) and women's suffrage. The key event that led to the formation of the Republican Party was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. This bill would have made slavery legal in new territories north of the 36th parall...

In his “Letter from a Birmingham City Jail,” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. says that we should not think highly of the Birmingham city police just because they have acted nonviolently during the recent protests.  Instead, he says, we should realize that their relative nonviolence has been a moral tactic deployed in support of an immoral cause.  We should realize, then, that it is only moral to be nonviolent if one’s goals are worthy. Just before the passage you cite, King takes issue with the idea that the Birmingham police really are truly nonviolent.  He talks about how they treat black men and women very poorly.  He writes about police “dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes.”  He describes how the police “slap and kick old Negro men and young boys.”  He essentially says that they are not as nonviolent as his critics say they are. However, King then goes on to admit that the police have been relatively nonviolent with regard to the recent protests.  He says that the...

The given two points of the exponential function are (1,3) and (2,12). To determine the exponential function `y=ab^x` plug-in the given x and y values. For the first point (1,3), plug-in x = 1 and y=3. `3=ab^1` `3=ab`        (Let this be EQ1.) For the second point (2,12), plug-in x=2 and y=12. `12=ab^2`     (Let this be EQ2.) To solve the values of a and b, apply the substitution method of system of equations. To do so, isolate the a in EQ1. `3=ab` `3/b= a` Plug-in this to EQ2. `12=ab^2` `12=(3/b)b^2` And, solve for b. `12=3b` `12/3=b` `4=b` Plug-in this value of b to EQ1. `3=ab` `3=a(4)` And, solve for a. `3/4=a` Then, plug-in the values of a and b to the exponential function `y=ab^x` So, this becomes: `y = 3/4*4^x` Therefore, the exponential function that passes the given two points is `y=3/4*4^x` .

Since there were no documents attached, I have located a copy of the black codes in Mississippi. I am using that source along with the source for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to respond to your question. The black codes of Mississippi, and for that matter other states, attempted to strip African-Americans of some of the freedoms they gained after the Civil War ended. For example, these laws prohibited most former slaves from carrying weapons. Additionally, former slaves could be fined if they didn’t have a job. These black codes convinced some people that there had to be some guarantees of the rights of the freedman. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave full citizenship to African-Americans. The federal government would protect these rights. When President Johnson vetoed this bill, Congress overrode the veto. This convinced the Radical Republicans that a constitutional amendment was needed to guarantee the freedoms of the former slaves. While a law can be reversed at any time, it is much ...

Scientists utilize measuring equipment that is calibrated for accuracy. This minimizes the margin of error and therefore enables accurate comparisons of matter. The ability to accurately evaluate the qualities of matter through measurement is the basis by which meaningful inferences can be made.   A graduated cylinder is a tube calibrated with even increments of measurement. A common unit of measure for liquids is the Liter. A small graduated cylinder may hold 100 mL, or one hundred milliliters. The length of the cylinder is demarcated with tick marks in increments of 10 mL, with smaller tick marks in between. This can be compared to a ruler. When a liquid is poured into the graduated cylinder, you will observe that the top forms a parabola. This is called a meniscus.  When measuring the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder, it is important to read the bottom of the meniscus rather than the top. The distribution of liquid at the top of the meniscus is thin, and contains air fr...

Geography has an incredible influence on how we live. The buildings we build, the food we grow, the clothing we wear, and the kinds of work we do are just a few ways in which geography matters. A settlement near an ocean must take into account tides and sandy coastlines.  To build upon the sand often means providing support many feet below the sand.  You will also see many houses on stilts in coastal area, to let the tide come in under the house as opposed to in the house.  Different kinds of materials for roofing exist, depending upon climate.  Building materials vary.  In an area in which there is a great deal of clay soil, bricks are cheaper to make, and you will see more brick houses.  In an area that has many forests, you are likely to see more frame houses. What food we grow is based upon geography. Some terrains are ideal for rice, others for wheat.  We cannot grow mangoes or pineapples where I live, but it is ideal for tomatoes and peppers.  The terrain, the rainfall, and the s...

Germany’s army was reduced to a maximum of 100,000 men total, in a mandated organization of seven divisions of infantry, and three divisions of cavalry. The General Staff was abolished, and only one officers’ school was permitted per branch of the military (three total). Paramilitary organizations were forbidden. All fortifications and military facilities in the Rhineland were forcibly demilitarized or destroyed. Restrictions were imposed on men training as soldiers, then leaving the military without long-term service, ostensibly to prevent Germany from building up a large, unofficial force of trained soldiers. Germany’s navy was reduced to a maximum of six pre-dreadnought (outdated) battleships, six light cruisers, not to exceed 6,000 long tons, 12 destroyers, not to exceed 800 long tons, and 12 PT boats, not to exceed 200 long tons. Germany was not permitted any submarines under the Treaty. The navy's manpower was restricted to 15,000, including shore personnel and officers. The ...

Aside from individualism, one classic characteristic of Romanticism is the belief in the inherent goodness of man and children . Rather than believing all of mankind is naturally evil, Romantics believe mankind is naturally good , but the urban lifestyle hampers that goodness . In To Kill a Mockingbird , we see author Harper Lee reflect this Romantic view in the beliefs of Atticus , who asserts that all people are generally good. One clear example of his belief can be found in his assessments of Walter Cunningham. The morning after facing the lynch mob led by Walter Cunningham, Scout feels very confused about how to judge Cunningham as a person and asks her father, "I thought Mr. Cunningham was a fried of ours. You told me a long time ago he was" (Chapter 16). Atticus replies, "He still is," and gives his daughter an explanation about Walter Cunningham's character that reveals Atticus's belief in the general goodness of people : Mr. Cunningham's basica...

The imperialist view held that economic interest required an expansion of U.S. presence on a global scale through naval power . In keeping with this, the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico were annexed by taking advantage of internal war for independence against other imperialists. U.S. constitutional requirements were violated since these annexations provided no route to statehood. Hawaii was approached through the route of American monopolization of pineapple and sugar trade, which was achieved by the building of large plantations and by a show of naval strength to dethrone out-manned Queen Liliuokalani. Alaska was purchased through a secret treaty with Russia, sponsored by Seaward, that flagrantly defied the U.S. Congress, which only agreed to purchasing Alaska much later. Those who favored imperialism included presidents, like McKinley, naval admirals, like Matthew Perry, and members of the U.S. Congress among others, including ordinary citizens. Support for imperialism came from...

The novel points a dystopian future where human beings are cloned to provide a supply of organs for transplant. This practice, while based in science and a plausible topic for a work of speculative fiction, is also a rich metaphor that may be at the root of the author's purpose in telling the story. The clones, who don't have parents and who are wards of the state, who are in fact possessions of the state, could be seen to represent the poor or underprivileged classes of Great Britain. They are treated not only a ssecond-class citizens, but as subhuman. The belief that they are not truly human, and that their expressions of emotion or creativity are simply glitches and not evidence of their having a soul, could be seen to parallel the notion, not unheard of in modern Britain, that the lower classes are intellectually and socially inferior to the upper classes. This reinforcement of social hierarchy is a theme that also occurs in other novels by Ishiguro. It is also not inapprop...

Another bit of information that will help you is the explanation of the themes of this book. The two main themes discussed here are the mistaken benevolence of hearing people and the failure of current education for the deaf. The title of the book comes from the mistaken benevolence of hearing people who try to “help” the deaf. Hearing people make many decisions about deaf education. Hearing people try to “help” by insisting on lip reading instead of manual sign language. This deprives children of socialization and culture. Hearing people try to “help” by labeling the deaf as “disabled” so that they cannot get the opportunities of bilingual education. Finally, hearing people try to “help” by using science such as the cochlear implant (that damages deaf culture by forcing children to hear). A second theme is theme of deaf education and, specifically, its failure. Deaf education is mostly dictated by hearing people and involves lip reading in order for children to acclimate to the hearin...

The agreement that Helen's teacher, Annie Sullivan, and her father, Captain Keller, come to before leaving the garden house is that Captain Keller will allow Helen and her to live together alone in a building on the property. Annie's reasoning behind this request was that she felt that if Helen wasn't exposed to her family "coddling" her and giving in to her every whim because she was disabled, she would be able to teach her how to live in the world. Annie Sullivan felt that the only way she could work with Helen without her family's intervention would be to be alone with Helen for the majority of the time, at least until Helen learned what was expected of her.

Both characters are divine entities and thus part of their respective societies' religious belief systems. The character of Satan appears in the Biblical story of Genesis as an evil divine being, an antagonist to God who is the good divine being of the story. This suggests some form of dualism, in which the forces of good and evil are personified as divine beings in conflict with one another. The origin of evil and humanity's capacity for evil are thus attributed to the external evil force of Satan. The Iliad , unlike the Bible, is not primarily a religious text, but an historical one, focused on the Trojan war. Greek religion, unlike Hebrew religion, was polytheistic, with many gods embodying different aspects of human life and different human tendencies. Ares is a war god, and can be loutish at times, but he is not pure evil. He is just one among many gods with a specific role in the pantheon. His main similarity to Satan is that they are both divine beings. 

First, Myrtle Wilson and her husband, George Wilson, are both just trying to get ahead in a world that really doesn't allow people who come from little to end up with a lot.  George badly desires to buy Tom Buchanan's older car from him so that he can sell it for a profit, but Tom just keeps stringing him along.  Myrtle badly desires to supplant Tom's wife, Daisy, but Tom keeps stringing her along knowing that he'll never give her what she wants.  In his interactions with George, Tom can feel superior and in control.  In his interactions with Myrtle, he clearly also feels the same (he strikes her in the face when she disobeys him).  He uses them both to make himself feel good, and in this way, Myrtle's story runs parallel to her husband's. Second, Myrtle Wilson seems to be trying to use Tom as well in her attempt to reach the American Dream.  She doesn't want to work for her prosperity as her husband does; she wants her rich lover to buy her pretty things an...

To derive our formula, we will start with the generic formula for relativistic momentum, `p=gammamv` where gamma is `gamma=1/sqrt(1-(v^2/c^2))` , p is momentum, m is the rest mass of the particle, and v is the velocity. I will substitute G for p/m. Then, I will solve for v. `gammav=G` I square both sides to get rid of the nasty square root in the gamma. From there, most of the simplification is straightforward. `gamma^2v^2=G^2` `(1/(1-(v^2/c^2)))v^2=G^2` `v^2=G^2(1-v^2/c^2)` `v^2=G^2-v^2G^2/c^2` `v^2+v^2G^2/c^2=G^2` `v^2(1+G^2/c^2)=G^2` Finally,  `v^2=G^2/(1+G^2/c^2)` or with the G expanded, `v^2=(p/m)^2/(1+(p/m)^2/c^2)` Don't forget the square on the v. Now, we can substitute our numbers into the formula above to calculate the relative speed of the proton. `v^2=((1*10^-19)/(1.67*10^-27))^2/(1+((1*10^-19)/(1.67*10^-27))^2/(3*10^8)^2)` This gives v=5.87209*10^7 m/s, or .1957c. Particles at this velocity do not behave the same as normal particles, so the Newtonian p=mv formula does n...

The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was historically significant for a number of reasons. Won by John Quincy Adams, it nevertheless is remembered for the ascent to national political prominence of Andrew Jackson, as well as for being one of just three elections decided by the House of Representatives (and the only one decided under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment.) Andrew Jackson, enormously popular with many ordinary Americans, finished with more electoral votes (99) than either John Quincy Adams (84,) Henry Crawford (41) or Henry Clay (37.) The House ultimately voted to give the Presidency to Adams. Jackson, whose followers had clashed bitterly with Clay's in the newspapers during the campaign, charged that Clay, as Speaker of the House, had reached a "corrupt bargain" with Adams, who appointed Clay Secretary of State upon assuming the Presidency. The election laid the foundations for what historians call the "second two-party system," as Jackson...

Edwards believes that some of his congregation do not fear Hell because they are confident in their ability to avoid spiritual damnation. According to Edwards, some in his congregation are relying on their own strength and wisdom to secure their place in Heaven. He relates that the average parishioner "flatters himself that he contrives well for himself and that his schemes won't fail." Edwards warns his listeners that all their prudence, self-righteousness, and healthy constitutions are as effective in keeping them out of Hell as a spider's web is in stopping a falling rock. In other words, Edwards believes that some of his listeners are relying too much on their own capabilities to save them from the wrath of God. He warns that destruction awaits them and implores his listeners to be aware that the torments of Hell are eternal.

When using  Root test  on a series `sum a_n` , we determine a limit as: `lim_(n-gtoo) root(n)(|a_n|)= L` or `lim_(n-gtoo) |a_n|^(1/n)= L` Then, we follow the conditions: a) `Llt1` then the series is  absolutely convergent . b) `Lgt1` then the series is  divergent . c) `L=1` or  does not exist   then the  test is inconclusive . The series may be divergent, conditionally convergent, or absolutely convergent. We may apply the  Root Test  to determine the convergence or divergence of the  series  `sum_(n=1)^oo n^3/3^n` . when we let: `a_n =n^3/3^n` . Applying the Root test, we set-up the limit as:  `lim_(n-gtoo) |n^3/3^n|^(1/n) =lim_(n-gtoo) (n^3/3^n)^(1/n)` Apply Law of Exponents: `(x/y)^n = x^n/y^n` and `(x^n)^m= x^(n*m)` . `lim_(n-gtoo) (n^3/3^n)^(1/n) =lim_(n-gtoo) (n^3)^(1/n)/(3^n)^(1/n)`                        ` =lim_(n-gtoo) n^(3*1/n)/3^(n*1/n)`                        ` =lim_(n-gtoo) n^(3/n)/3^(n/n) `                        ` =lim_(n-gtoo) n^(3/n)/3^1`                        ` =lim_...

Alvin Toffler's theory is based on his book, The Third Wave , which he published in 1980 with the intention of making it part of a trilogy. He posits that the First Wave was the agrarian society that prevailed after hunter-gatherer cultures. This society flourished until the Industrial Revolution in the mid-eighteenth century. At that time, the Second Wave began: the Industrial Age. According to Toffler, key aspects of this Second Wave were the creation of the nuclear family, corporate structure, and a factory-type educational system. The Third Wave, according to Toffler, is the post-industrial age. This wave is characterized by a new emphasis on information technology. When Toffler published the book, computers were coming into practical, everyday use. Historically, Toffler's ideas are sensible. The Neolithic Revolution, which occurred around 3,000 BCE (or BC, depending on your preferred mode of demarcation), began in the Fertile Crescent -- the region that is now Iraq, Syria,...

Given, `int sqrt(1-x)/sqrt(x) dx` let us consider `u= sqrt(x)` , we can write it as `u^2 = x`  Differentiating on both sides we get => `(2u)du = dx` Now let us solve the integral , `int sqrt(1-x)/sqrt(x) dx` =`int sqrt(1-u^2)/(u) ((2u)du)`   [as `x= u^2` ] =`int 2*sqrt(1-u^2) du` = `2int sqrt(1-u^2) du---(1)` This can be solved by using the Trigonometric substitutions  (Trig substitutions) For `sqrt(a-bx^2)` we have to take `x=` `sqrt(a/b) sin(v)` so here , For `2 int sqrt(1-u^2) du`   let us take `u = sqrt(1/1) sin(v) = sin(v)` as `u= sin(v)` `=>` `du = cos(v) dv` now substituting in (1) we get `2int sqrt(1-u^2) du` = `2int sqrt(1-(sin(v))^2) (cos(v) dv)` = `2int sqrt((cos(v))^2) (cos(v) dv)` = `2 int cos(v) cos(v) dv` = `2 int cos^2(v) dv` =`2 int (1+cos(2v))/2 dv` = `(2/2) int (1+cos(2v)) dv` = `int (1+cos(2v))dv` =` [v+(1/2)(sin(2v))]+c` but , `u = sin(v)` => `v= sin^(-1) u` and `u= sqrt(x)` so, `v= sin^(-1) (sqrt(x))` now, `v+1/2sin(2v)+c` =`sin^(-1) (sqrt(x))+1/2sin(2sin...

A simple yet insightful thesis statement about the causes of World War II might be something along these lines: World War II was in part caused by the humiliating effects that the Great Depression had on Germany; as a result, Germany turned to militarism, and western countries met this increasing threat with a policy of appeasement. This statement means that Germany, which was forced to pay large sums of money in reparations after losing World War I, was further debilitated by the Great Depression because American and European banks could no longer afford to loan Germany money to pay their reparations, largely to England and France. As a result of their economic distress and wounded nationalism, Germany started to remilitarize under the Nazis. At first, other nations did not understand that Hitler would not be stopped, and in the Munich Conference of 1938, Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, followed a policy of appeasement by giving Hitler a part of Czechoslovakia in retu...

In the lines immediately preceding the final one, the speaker says, "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— / I took the one less traveled by," It is this -- the idea that the narrator took the road that fewer people had taken -- that makes all the difference in his life (lines 18-19).  However, this is a lie that he is planning to tell because there is no road "less traveled" in the poem; the narrator has already said so.  He'd described the second road as "just as fair" as the first (6).  Further, he'd said that "the passing there / Had worn them really about the same" (9-10).   Therefore, the roads are pretty much the same, despite the fact that one is grassier than the other.  In fact, the same number of people had passed down each one, wearing each road about the same as the other.  Finally, the roads "equally lay" that morning (11).  Thus, when the narrator plans to tell people that taking the road less traveled has made a d...

I believe that most people would agree that the play is intended to illustrate the author's vision that there is no meaning or purpose in life. It might be called existentialistic, but existentialism goes beyond asserting that there is no external or supernatural meaning to human existence. Existentialism seems to encourage people to create their own meaning in their lives. I don't believe Beckett cared whether his audiences did that or not. He seems utterly nihilistic. He does not seem to want to suggest any solution to the human dilemma. Life is meaningless. Period. There is a barely discernible humor running throughout the play. It can be regarded as a comedy. The fact that life is a bad joke on all of us can be seen as funny. The two tramps are funny. When the play was first produced in America, one of the tramps was played by the comedian Bert Lahr, who played the Cowardly Lion in the famous movie The Wizard of Oz . Lahr understood the play as a comedy. It is also easy to ...

In the first two paragraphs of "The Cask of Amontillado," readers learn that Montresor feels that he has been treated poorly by Fortunato a "thousand" times, but that something else has recently happened that is so significant that he can't let it go.  As Montresor narrates, he tells the reader that he did not threaten Fortunato, but that he decided that he would inflict harm on him, and that he would do it in a way to make Fortunato would know it was him, Montresor, doing it--and why. Montresor's plan is to exact his revenge without putting himself at any risk of being found out or punished, because if he were caught, the revenge would be compromised.  He smiles at the thought of what he will do to Fortunato. 

A major theme of David Foster Wallace's short story "Good People" is the tension between personal morality and practical decisions, and the resulting fear of hypocrisy. The story revolves around the relationship between two young Christians facing an unwanted pregnancy and contemplating the possibility of abortion, which their religious beliefs forbid. 19-year-old Lane feels the stress of the desire to maintain a positive relationship with God along with the fear of going to hell, and the necessity of abortion to allow him and his girlfriend Sheri to avoid shame and pursue the futures they planned for. Much of the story is told through Lane's contemplation: of Sheri, her plans to be a nurse, whether or not he loves her, and whether his relationship with her will result in him going to hell. He concludes that either decision they make, keeping a child out of wedlock or having an abortion, would go against their religious morality. The story ends without stating whether...

The narrator of this pamphlet, having made his proposal that the poor Irish sell their one-year-old babies as a food source to the rich English, states, "I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children." The first part of this statement constitutes an understatement : he says the food (meat from the carcasses of dead babies) will be "somewhat dear," meaning it will be somewhat valuable. I would venture to say the living baby would be considered very dear to its parents. Swift suggests that the child's only value lies in its cost as a sellable commodity when, in fact, we (and Swift) can all agree, I hope, that a child's life has a great deal more value than this. The second part of the statement, that landlords "have already devoured" the parents of the children who would be sold in such a manner, constitutes hyperbol...

The answer to this question is quite a sad one.  Shmuel's life completely changes when he enters the Auschwitz concentration camp.  Shmuel is promised a life of family, friends and fun.  Shmuel thinks he is going to be able to play many games of soccer and other feats of athletics with his own Jewish friends.  Instead, what Shmuel finds is a grim concentration camp where he is forced to wear "striped pajamas," is given shelter in inadequate huts, is not given enough food to survive, is separated from his family, observes people disappearing due to their deaths in the gas chambers, is not given the opportunity for personal hygiene, and is even prevented from wearing shoes.  Shmuel's German friend, Bruno, is disgusted by these conditions and tries to combat them first from the "other side of the fence," and later by entering the fence himself.

In Act Two, Scene 3, Shakespeare offers the audience much needed comic relief by introducing the intoxicated Porter who makes several witty, yet significant remarks during the scene. The Porter pretends to be the gatekeeper of Hell while Macduff repeatedly knocks at the door. He comments that he was pretending to be the devil's porter so that he could let someone from every profession into hell. The Porter's comments are ironic as Shakespeare links Macbeth's castle in Inverness, the place where Duncan's brutal murder takes place, to Hell. The Porter then jokes with Macduff about the effects of alcohol by mentioning that it increases desire but simultaneously impedes sexual performance. The effects of alcohol also allude to Macbeth's confusion and lust for power. The Porter's comments about sexual performance also echo Lady Macbeth's taunts directed towards her husband. 

A mantle plume is a large column of magma that slowly seeps its way from the mantle up and into the lithosphere. As it rises it melts away at the rock and eventually melts through the crust, creating a "plume" of magma at the site. Magma plumes are unique in that they are normally not found near a boundary. Most other sources of magma, like volcanoes, are usually created by some spreading or meeting of tectonic plates. A divergent or transform boundary may create a gap, leading to a leaking of magma, or a convergent boundary can create volcanoes to build in one of the plates and erupt once pressure becomes too great. Magma plumes are not created by the meeting of plates but instead just by a rising of magma. One great example is the Hawaiian islands. These islands were created as a magma plume seeped upwards through the Pacific oceanic plate and made a spot that leaked magma as the plate moved. Wherever the plate allowed the plume to release the most magma a larger island was...

The series that has to be worked with in the problem is: `sum_(n=1)^oo (-1/8^n)` `sum_(n=1)^oo (-1/8^n)` = `-1/8 - 1/8^2 - 1/8^3 -...-1/8^oo` It can be seen that as n becomes larger, `8^n` also becomes larger and its reciprocal `1/8^n` becomes smaller. At `n = oo` , `1/8^n = 0` . The series `sum_(n=1)^oo (-1/8^n)` is an geometric series with with first term `a = -1/8` and common ratio `1/8` . The sum of infinite terms of this series can be determined as the common ratio is less than 1. The sum is `(-1/8)/(1 - 1/8)` = `-1/7` The required sum of the series is -1/7