Notes

Sarny is the protagonist in Nightjohn by Gary Paulsen. She is a twelve-year-old slave who has higher aspirations for herself. Her mother is sold, leaving her motherless. There is a misconception that she is not a bright child because her speech is impacted by a birth defect which is referred to in the book as "a stuck tongue.” Some even believe she is a witch. In reality, she is a very introspective, smart child. Nightjohn, a former slave, returns to the South, and when he gives her the opportunity, she easily learns to read and write, proving her intelligence.  As a slave, Sarny’s literacy sets her up for problems, but she is determined, showing perseverance in the face of adversity. Despite the dangers, she helps Nightjohn as he educates other slaves because she is adamant that literacy is the key to a better life for those who were enslaved.

This questions is a bit ambiguous, so I'm going to assume you're asking about the kinds of themes, ideas, and so forth that are present throughout Milosz's works.  Milosz's background is important in understanding the themes present in his work. Milosz is Polish, and he grew up among the political upheaval of World War I and II. He spent a lot of his childhood in Russia under the Czarist government. As an adult, Milosz worked in the underground resistance movement in Warsaw. He eventually left Poland to escape the oppressive Communist government that took power after World War II.  The fact that Milosz was surrounded by political upheaval, warfare, and corrupt government regimes heavily influenced his work. In his essay  The Witness of Poetry , he writes, "My corner of Europe, owing to the extraordinary and lethal events that have been occurring there, comparable only to violent earthquakes, affords a peculiar perspective. As a result, all of us who come from those...

`inte^x/((e^x-1)(e^x+4))dx` Let's apply integral substitution:`u=e^x` `=>du=e^xdx` `=int1/((u-1)(u+4))du` Now create partial fraction template of the integrand, `1/((u-1)(u+4))=A/(u-1)+B/(u+4)` Multiply the above equation by the denominator, `=>1=A(u+4)+B(u-1)` `1=Au+4A+Bu-B` `1=(A+B)u+4A-B` Equating the coefficients of the like terms, `A+B=0`    ----------------(1) `4A-B=1`   ----------------(2) From equation 1, `A=-B` Substitute A in equation 2, `4(-B)-B=1` `-5B=1` `B=-1/5` `A=-B=-(-1/5)` `A=1/5` Plug in the values of A and B in the partial fraction template, `1/((u-1)(u+4))=(1/5)/(u-1)+(-1/5)/(u+4)`  `=1/(5(u-1))-1/(5(u+4))` `int1/((u-1)(u+4))du=int(1/(5(u-1))-1/(5(u+4)))du` Apply the sum rule, `=int1/(5(u-1))du-int1/(5(u+4))du` Take the constant out, `=1/5int1/(u-1)du-1/5int1/(u+4)du` Now use the common integral:`int1/xdx=ln|x|` `=1/5ln|u-1|-1/5ln|u+4|` Substitute back `u=e^x` and add a constant C to the solution, `=1/5ln|e^x-1|-1/5ln|e^x+4|+C`

At the beginning of the novel, Ponyboy and Cherry meet each other at the drive-in and have a meaningful conversation. They share a connection while they are discussing sunsets and the two characters become friends. After Johnny kills Bob Sheldon in self-defense, Cherry tells Dally that she's willing to be a spy because she felt that the whole thing was her fault. She tells Dally that she is willing to testify and will give him updates before the rumble. In Chapter 8, Cherry meets up with Ponyboy and tells him that Randy will not be going to the rumble. She also tells Ponyboy that she won't see Johnny in the hospital because Johnny killed her boyfriend. Initially, Ponyboy is upset that Cherry refuses to see Johnny. Then, Cherry tells Ponyboy that she wasn't helping them because she felt sorry for him. She also tells Pony, "I liked you from the start... the way you talked. You're a nice kid, Ponyboy. Do you realize how scarce nice kids are nowadays?" (Hinton 110...

In Act I, Scene 1, two tribunes, Marullus and Flavius, clash with some commoners who have taken the day off from work to await the return to Rome by Julius Caesar. Marullus and Flavius are concerned that the people do not understand what kind of man Caesar is. For, he was once part of the first triumvirate, composed of Marcus Licinius Crassus, general Pompey, and himself. But, rather than being a real triumvir, their union was a private agreement to serve the three men's individual desires by going around the Senate. After Crassus died, Pompey aligned himself with the nobility, who perceived Caesar as a national threat. Later, Caesar pursued Pompey into Egypt, where he was killed. Marcellus alludes to Caesar's killing of Pompey when he addresses the commoners, reminding them of how they once cheered this ruler whenever he returned to Rome. Now the tribune questions the people as to why they await Caesar and want to cheer him.  ....Many a time and oft Have you climbed up to wall...

This is a really difficult question to answer, mostly because Shakespeare leaves the notion of fate in  Macbeth as fairly ambiguous. The answer will change depending on how you interpret Shakespeare's work, so you should view the following answer as my particular interpretation. Other scholars might differ in their views, and they would be justified in doing so. Here's my take on the issue: there is, of course, the Weird Sisters' initial prophecy that Macbeth will be king, and so there seems to be a certain amount of fate at work, which would suggest that Macbeth is indeed a puppet of larger, universal forces and is not fully in control of his own actions. However, while Shakespeare begins the play with a cryptically prophetic statement on the gloomy moors, he never fully commits to the idea that Macbeth is a mere puppet being used by fate. No matter what fate might "plan" for us, Shakespeare suggests, we always have the ability to choose. For instance, even thoug...

The youth both romanticizes and idealizes his love for Mangan's sister. As he helps his aunt with her shopping on Saturday evenings by carrying some of the parcels, the youth's imagination merges the mundane with chivalric and religious ideals in his description of his efforts: ...amid the curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys...These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises....  The phrases that elevate the mundane outing to the spiritual and romantic ideal of a quest for the Holy Grail indicate the deluded and romantic imagination of the youth. Further, the youth carries in his mind the image of Mangan's sister standing against the lighted window during the day and at night in his bedroom. Then, when he hears of Araby , he feels the influence of an "Eastern enchantment." However, when the youth fina...

In  To Kill a Mockingbird , Harper Lee present Bob Ewell as a foil to Atticus Finch. A foil is someone who makes another character seem better simply because of how different he is from the other. For example, even though both men are single fathers, Bob Ewell is not as good of a provider for his family as Atticus is. Atticus provides food, a nanny, affection, and guidance for his children, while Bob Ewell does not. Atticus expects his children to go to school, obey the law, tell the truth, and treat others fairly and with kindness. Bob Ewell does none of those things for his children. By comparing and contrasting these two fathers throughout the story, readers feel empathy for the Ewell children, who suffer under a selfish and irresponsible father. On the other hand, readers feel grateful Atticus is the best father he can be for Jem and Scout. The contrast between these two fathers might seem extreme because Atticus never does anything wrong while Ewell can't do anything right, bu...

There are several reasons why parenting experts argue that an excessively authoritarian parenting style can be ineffective. Obviously, some authority is necessary in that one would not wish to let kids learn by experience that electrical outlets and hot stoves are dangerous, and so it makes sense to have strict rules about matters where children might cause immediate danger to themselves or others. Where immediate safety issues are not at stake, though, there are several negative aspects to authoritarian parenting. Perhaps the worst aspect of authoritarian parenting is that it does not prepare children to think for themselves, and thus is not a good preparation for adulthood. On a social and political level, people used to unthinking obedience to authority easily fall prey to demagogues and dictatorial leaders who thrive because of a habit of unquestioning obedience. The Milgram experiments show the horrific consequences of people trained to blind obedience.  The next problem with auth...

There are many important objects in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird.  There are so many objects that there is no need to look outside of the book itself.  Each object that I will list below can be found in the book.  You can choose ten among these to focus on for your report. The wisteria vine:  A wisteria vine hangs on the Finch porch.  On a couple occasions, Atticus goes out on the porch and stares at the vine as he thinks deeply.  This repeated image of Atticus thinking while looking at the vine symbolizes his considerate nature.  He is a thoughtful person, and his wisdom often comes from careful consideration. Scissors:  A pair of scissors symbolizes the rumors that are told around town about Boo.  It is rumored that he had stabbed his father in the leg with scissors.  Later, when the children act out the events in their Boo Radley game, they use the scissors to recreate the rumored scene. Scout and Jem find many items from Boo Radley in the knothole of an old tree. Sticks of gum: ...

In Act 2, Scene 7, the prince of Morocco chooses the golden casket for he truly believes that Portia's image is contained therein. He says: But here an angel in a golden bed Lies all within. Deliver me the key: Here do I choose, and thrive I as I may! He first refuses the lead casket because he believes, in terms of its inscription, that the fact that the man who chooses it should hazard all he has is not a worthwhile exercise. Lead has no value and the other two metals would be much more rewarding choices, since they are more valuable. He also states that it is gross to even think that Portia's image would be immured in lead, for it is such a base metal. He expresses similar sentiments with regard to the silver casket and says that the promise stated by the inscription that the one who chooses it shall get as much as he deserves, means that he deserves Portia. He is her equal in birth, rank, title and wealth, but he wants more than just those. He also deserves her love. He is ...

In Chapter 5, Scout asks Miss Maudie if she believes the rumors about Boo Radley. Maudie tells Scout that whatever Stephanie Crawford says is false and comments, " I remember Arthur Radley when he was a boy. He always spoke nicely to me, no matter what folks said he did. Spoke as nicely as he knew how" (Lee 29). In Chapter 30, Heck Tate comments on Boo Radley's heroics, as well as his innocence by telling Atticus, " I never heard tell that it's against the law for a citizen to do his utmost to prevent a crime from being committed, which is exactly what he did, but maybe you'll say it's my duty to tell the town all about it and not hush it up. Know what'd happen then? All the ladies in Maycomb includin' my wife'd be knocking on his door bringing angel food cakes. To my way of thinkin', Mr. Finch, taking the one man's who's done you and this town a great service an' draggin' him with his shy ways into the limelight---to me...

Thomas Paine wanted the message of "Common Sense" to be very accessible to his audience, the people of the American colonies. He was contracted to convince as many people as possible that separation from Britain was the right decision at that time. Paine relied heavily on appeals to logic.  In the quotation below, he anticipated an opposing argument and refuted it. "I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument. We may as well assert, that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat; or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty." Paine's point is that the past practices of Britain may have enabled the colonies to "flourish," but he argues that there is no i...

Robin Hill, who discovered the Hill reaction, demonstrated through his experiment that isolated chloroplasts would generate oxygen molecules  (`O_2`)  while not fixing carbon dioxide  (`CO_2`)  (to generate sugars). Also, he showed that this reaction would happen only in the presence of light and an electron acceptor (a substance that receives electrons from another compound - an oxidizing agent). At that time, it was believed that the oxygen generated by plants came from `H_2O` , but no experiment had been made until then.  Hill showed that the oxygen comes from the water molecules . Robin then observed that oxygen is produced in a different reaction from the carbon dioxide one . The fact that the reaction needed an electron acceptor to occur implies that the reaction is a result of a series of redox reactions ! In plants, we have natural electron acceptors, such as NADP. But Hill actually found out that there are many other electron acceptors - we call one of this substances a Hi...

The goal of respiration is to catabolize organic compounds and to capture the energy that they contain in the bonds of ATP. ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Whenever an anabolic process is needed, the energy to fuel it is provided by ATP. Aerobic respiration (using oxygen) consists of 3 main and 1 small step. 1. Glycolysis: Glucose (6 carbons) is broken down into 2 pyruvates (each 3 carbons). 2 NADH and 2 ATP are produced. If respiration continues, the NADH will eventually go to the mitochondria to the electron transport chain. 2. Transition step: The two pyruvates are oxidized to produce two acetylCoA molecules and 2 NADH. NADH eventually make their way to the electron transport chain. 3. TCA cycle: The two acetyl CoA molecules enter the TCA cycle where 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP and 4 CO2 are formed. The NADH and FADH2 make their way to the electron transport chain. 4.  Electron transport chain: The electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are delivered to electron transporters which p...

Eckels is told very early on in the story that Time Safari, Inc. has strict rules.  He is told to sign documents agreeing to the fact too.  If he breaks the rules, there is a stiff monetary penalty.  Once in the machine, Travis continues to stress the importance of staying on the path and only shooting what they are told to shoot.  Eckels asks why there are all of those rules about not doing anything to disturb past events.  Travis explains it with a mouse.  He says that if a single mouse were to die in the past, all of its descendants would then never exist.  The death of a single mouse could potentially wipe out billions of mice in the following years.  That would also have a huge impact on any food chain that depended on the mice.  Time Travel, Inc. doesn't know if small actions like that will actually come true, but they are not willing to risk the potential; therefore, they have harsh penalties in place to deter customers from trying to mess around with past events.  

Madame Loisel is responsible for her own suffering because she wanted more than she had, and she wanted people to believe she had more.  If she had not been putting on airs, she would not have gone into debt.  If she had told the truth, she would not have gone into debt. Madame Loisel’s first problem was that she was not satisfied with her lot in life.  Few people are, I guess, but she seemed to feel that she was born into the wrong social class.  She deserved more than she got.  Even when her husband tried to help her feel better by getting her invited to a party for the rich, she was upset because she didn’t have the right dress or jewels.  She wasted all of the money they had saved on a dress, and borrowed a jewel from a friend. She had no clothes, no jewels, nothing. And these were the only things she loved; she felt that she was made for them. She had longed so eagerly to charm, to be desired, to be wildly attractive and sought after. At the ball, people do pay attention to her.  ...

Given` (x-1)y'+y=x^2-1` when the first order linear ordinary differential equation has the form of `y'+p(x)y=q(x)` then the general solution is, `y(x)=((int e^(int p(x) dx) *q(x)) dx +c)/e^(int p(x) dx)` so, `(x-1)y'+y=x^2-1` => `(x-1)[y' + y/(x-1)] = x^2 -1` => `y'+y/(x-1)= ((x+1)(x-1))/(x-1)` => `y'+y/(x-1)= (x+1)` --------(1)` `y'+p(x)y=q(x)---------(2)` on comparing both we get, `p(x) = 1/(x-1) and q(x)=(x+1)` so on solving with the above general solution we get: y(x)=`((int e^(int p(x) dx) *q(x)) dx +c)/e^(int p(x) dx)` =`((int e^(int (1/(x-1))dx) *(x+1)) dx +c)/e^(int(1/(x-1)) dx)` first we shall solve `e^(int (1/(x-1)) dx)=e^(ln|x-1|) = |x-1|`   When `x-1<=0 ` then `ln(x-1)` is undefined , so   `e^(int(1/(x-1)) dx)=x-1` so proceeding further, we get y(x) =`((int e^(int (1/(x-1))dx) *(x+1)) dx +c)/e^(int(1/(x-1)) dx)` =`((int (x-1)*(x+1)) dx +c)/(x-1)` =`((int (x^2-1) ) dx +c)/(x-1)` = `(x^3/3 -x  +c)/(x-1)` ` y(x)=(x^3/3 -x +c)/(x-1)`

One could easily argue that Mahatma Gandhi had a greater effect on the Indian Independence Movement than any other individual. Perhaps history will best remember the fact that Gandhi was able to influence many through nonviolent civil disobedience. When the British had a monopoly on salt—a staple food in the Indian diet—Indian citizens were forced to buy salt from the British with heavy associated taxes and premiums. Gandhi unified tens of thousands to follow him in his initiative of satyagrha—or mass civil disobedience. As Gandhi marched 241 miles from Sabarmati to the Arabian Sea in 1930, thousands joined in with him. When they arrived, Gandhi picked up a small lump of salt from the beach for the purpose of making salt, which was forbidden by law.  Though Gandhi was imprisoned soon after, his impact was strongly felt. Not long after Gandhi was imprisoned, 2,500 marched on the Dharasana Salt Works. When the peaceful protesters arrived, they were beaten. As the world found out about th...

Friction resists the motion between objects that are in contact with each other. There are two types of frictional forces: static friction and kinetic friction. Static friction is the frictional force that is applicable for bodies at rest and it resists the motion between two bodies that are in contact and are at rest. Kinetic friction, on the other hand, is the frictional force that is applicable for bodies in motion. Kinetic friction opposes the relative motion of bodies that are in contact and are in motion. Think about what happens when we gently push a book over the surface of a table. It stops after traveling some distance. The book stops due to the frictional force, which resists the motion.  Friction between two surfaces can be reduced by making the surfaces smooth. Applying grease is an example of a way to lessen friction. Hope this helps. 

Before we can begin to find the integral, we must do some rearranging using some trig identities so that we have integrals that we can work with. We will need to remember the following identities as we work through this problem: `tan^2(x)=sec^2(x)-1` `tan(x)=(sin(x))/(cos(x))` So, to begin, we will split up the `tan^3` like so: `int tan^3(3x)dx=int tan(3x)*tan^2(3x)dx` Next, we will use the first identity above to rewrite tan^2: `int tan(3x)*tan^2(3x)dx=int tan(3x)(sec^2(3x)-1)dx` We will then distribute and separate it into two integrals: `int tan(3x)sec^2(3x)-tan(3x)dx=` `= int tan(3x)sec^2(3x)dx-int tan(3x)dx` Now we can use the second trig identity above to rewrite the second integrand: `int tan(3x)sec^2(3x)dx-int (sin(3x))/(cos(3x))dx` We can now use u-substitution on each integral.  We will also need the chain rule on the 3x when finding du. So the u-substitution for the first integral is: `u=tan(3x)` `du=sec^2(3x)*3dx` `1/3 du=sec^2(3x)dx` For the second integral, we will use a ...

It is usually easier to use ratio test on these types of series that contain factorials. However, we can also use root test if we rewrite factorial using exponentials. This can be accomplished using Stirling's approximation `n! approx sqrt(2pi n)(n/e)^n` The reason why we can use this approximation is because it becomes more precise for greater values of `n,` in fact the ratio of the left and right hand side of the approximation converges to 1 as `n` tends to infinity. `lim_(n to infty)root(n)(1/(n!))=lim_(n to infty)1/root(n)(n!)=` Now we use Stirling's approximation. `lim_(n to infty)1/root(n)(sqrt(2pi n)(n/e)^n)=` In order to calculate `lim_(n to infty)root(n)(sqrt(2pi n))` we need to use the following two facts: `lim_(n to infty) root(n)(c)=1,`  `c in RR` and `lim_(n to infty)root(n)(n^p)=1,`  `p in RR.`                                                                                                                     Applying this to our limit yields `lim_(n to infty)1/roo...

Ethics are essential because laws arise out of ethical choices. According to Vincent Ruggiero, in his book Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues (2011), ethics can be defined as the "study of right and wrong" (as cited by Polytechnic School ). Laws develop when one person or a group of persons decide that some action, such as sexual harassment, is wrong. However, as Ruggiero asserts, just because laws arise from ethics does not necessarily mean that "every law is morally right." Laws change over time as our senses of right and wrong change; therefore, ethics must always be a constant guiding force to determining laws. One example of a law changing over time as our sense of ethics has changed concerns the practice of homosexuality . Multiple countries have had sodomy laws, which make the practice of homosexuality illegal. In England, sodomy was historically called buggery and first decreed a felony with the Buggery Act of 1533, making buggery a crime punish...

At the heart of Orwell's story is the message that the leaders of the Russian Revolution (who are represented by the pigs) treated the people no better than those who came before. In fact, as the story closes,  the reader is left with the powerful image of the pigs walking on two legs, drinking alcohol and living in the farmhouse. This suggests that the leaders of the Revolution sought to emulate the power and lifestyle of previous leaders, the very people whom they claimed to hate at the beginning of the story. Moreover, through the Seven Commandments, Orwell shows that the leaders broke their promises to create equality. This is shown most clearly when it is revealed that the Commandments have been replaced by a single rule: "All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others." Finally, through the portrayal of Napoleon, Orwell shows that the original leaders did not forget their vision. In fact, he suggests that they deliberately set out to create a tota...

The empirical formula of a compound gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms and the molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. The molecular formula is a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula. To find the empirical formula one must calculate the number of moles of each element in the compound. We are told that this is a hydrocarbon, meaning it contains hydrogen and carbon, and that it is 14.2% hydrogen by mass. Therefore if we have 100 grams of this compound 14.2 grams will be hydrogen and the remaining 85.8 grams will be carbon. Using the molar masses of hydrogen and carbon, convert both to moles: 14.2 g H x (1 mol/1.00g) = 14.2 moles H 85.8 g C x (1 mol/12.0 g) = 7.1 moles C Now divide each number of moles by the smallest (7.1) to get a whole-number mole ratio: (14.2 moles H)/(7.1) = 2 (7.1 moles C)/(7.1) = 1 The mole ratio of C to H is 2:1, so the empirical formula is `CH_2.` To find the molecular formula, compare the given mo...

Given `int x(e^(-4x)) dx` by applying  integration by parts, we'll get the answer let `u=x => u'= 1` `v'=e^(-4x) so , v= -1/4e^(-4x)` Now by integration by parts , `int uv' dx = uv - int u'v dx` so , `int xe^(-4x) dx = -x/4e^(-4x) -int (1) -1/4e^(-4x) dx` =`-x/4e^(-4x) +1/4int e^(-4x) dx` =`-x/4e^(-4x) +1/4 int e^(-4x) dx` let us find `int e^(-4x) dx` let `u= -4x` `du = -4dx`  so `dx = -1/4du` so, `int e^(-4x) dx= int e^(u) -1/4du` =`-1/4int e^u du` =`-1/4e^u = -1/4e^(-4x)` so, now `int xe^(-4x) dx = -x/4e^(-4x) +1/4int e^(-4x) dx` =`-x/4e^(-4x) +1/4 (-1/4)e^(-4x)` =`-x/4e^(-4x) -1/16e^(-4x) +C`

Miss Pross is upset at Jarvis Lorry for telling Lucie Manette about her father, because it upset her.   Dr. Manette has been locked in prison for political reasons for most of Lucie Manette’s life.  When she hears he has been “recalled to life,” she is upset.  She doesn’t really even remember him, and she has been told that he is much changed.  She says that she is going to be seeing his ghost, and not him.  Jarvis Lorry is a little out of his element with Lucie.  Lucie does seem to faint at the drop of the hat.  She is a delicate creature. So Mr. Lorry upsets her, and she faints, and he does not know what to do.  Perfectly still and silent, and not even fallen back in her chair, she sat under his hand, utterly insensible; with her eyes open and fixed upon him, and with that last expression looking as if it were carved or branded into her forehead. (Ch. 4)  Lucie always has Miss Pross clucking after her like a mother hen.  Miss Pross is very protective.  She scolds Jarvis Lorry for spr...

Maclaurin series is a special case of Taylor series that is centered at a=0. The expansion of the function about 0 follows the formula: `f(x)=sum_(n=0)^oo (f^n(0))/(n!) x^n`  or `f(x)= f(0)+(f'(0))/(1!)x+(f^2(0))/(2!)x^2+(f^3(0)x)/(3!)x^3+(f^4(0))/(4!)x^4 +...` To determine the Maclaurin polynomial of degree n=3 for the given function `f(x)=tan(x)` , we may apply the formula for Maclaurin series. We may list `f^n(x)` as: `f(x) = tan(x)` `f'(x)=d/(dx) tan(x) =sec^2(x)` `f^2(x)=d/(dx)sec^2(x) =2tan(x)sec^2(x)` `f^3(x)=d/(dx) 2tan(x)sec^2(x) =6sec^4(x)-4sec^2(x)` Plug-in x=0, we get: `f(0)=tan(0)`          `=0` `f'(0)=sec^2(0) or (sec(0))^2`           `= 1^2`           `=1` `f^2(0)=2tan(0)sec^2(0) `             `=2*0*1`             `=0` `f^3(0)=6sec^4(0)-4sec^2(0)`            `=6(sec(0))^4-4(sec(0))^2`            `=6*1^4 -4*1^2`            `= 6-4`            `=2` Applying the formula for Maclaurin series, we get: `sum_(n=0)^3 (f^n(0))/(n!) x^n =0+1/(1!)x+0/(2!)x^2+2/(3!)x^3`  ...

The Friar's reason for encouraging the lovers to move forward so quickly with their relationship is somewhat easier to explain.  When Romeo comes to tell Friar Lawrence about his desire to marry Juliet, the daughter of his father's enemy, the Friar eventually agrees to perform the ceremony because, as he says, "this alliance may so happy prove / To turn your households' rancor to pure love" (2.3.98-99).  In other words, he hopes that the joining of these two young people in marriage will compel their families to put aside their grudge and cease their violent feuding. Juliet's Nurse, on a different note, simply seems to think that her young mistress is ready to marry.  When Lady Capulet comes to acquaint her daughter and the Nurse with the Count Paris's desire to marry Juliet, the Nurse gets really excited and eventually tells Juliet, "Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days" (1.3.113).  She seems to think that marriage will make Juliet happy, a...

Ponyboy and Darry are constantly in conflict. Pony feels Darry is harder on him than he is on their other brother, Sodapop. Darry never yells at Soda the way he yells at Pony, which makes Pony feel picked on and unappreciated. Pony says that he is different from Darry because his oldest brother “works too long and hard to be interested in a story or drawing a picture” (Chapter 1). Therefore, Pony does realize Darry works hard, but he still finds it difficult to get along with him because he thinks they have nothing in common. He feels Darry doesn’t try to understand him, instead “hollering” at him and treating him like a child.  Darry's hard and firm and rarely grins at all. But then, Darry's gone through a lot in his twenty years, grown up too fast (Chapter 1).  Pony says Darry has “cold” eyes and is always rough with him without meaning to be. His brother Soda teases Darry, but Pony says he’d “just as soon tease a full-grown grizzly.” Darry is very serious and everyone but So...

Othello is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. It was probably written in 1603 and was first performed in 1604. It is based on the 1565 story  Un Capitano Moro ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio.  Othello is set in the sixteenth century. The play opens in Venice and concludes in Cyprus. The protagonist of the play is Othello, a Moorish soldier who has been promoted to the rank of General in the Venetian army due to his military skill. He falls in love with Desdemona, the daughter of a Venetian noble, and ends up marrying her despite the initial objections of her father. The antagonist in the play is Iago, of Venetian descent. He is a racist who is prejudiced against Othello. He also resents that Othello has promoted Cassio, a younger man, rather than himself. He plots the downfall of both Cassio and Othello by planting evidence to convince Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. Inflamed by jealousy, Othello kills Desdemona, but Iago's plot is revealed. Oth...

King spoke often about the Emancipation Proclamation. He famously sent a telegram to newly inaugurated President John F. Kennedy in 1961 petitioning the President for a "second Emancipation Proclamation" in the form of federal civil rights legislation. On another occasion, speaking in New York City in a speech commemorating the Proclamation, he cited its importance in establishing justice: The Emancipation Proclamation shattered in one blow the slave system, undermining the foundations of the economy of the rebellious South; and guaranteed that no slave-holding class, if permitted to exist in defeat, could prepare a new and deadlier war after resuscitation. While he acknowledged the incomplete nature of the Emancipation--i.e. that it did not actually bring about an end to slavery in regions under federal control, and it failed to bring about any other rights for African-Americans--it began a process by which slavery could be destroyed, and ensured that slavery would end with ...

As bananas ripen, their flavor changes and they become sweeter.  This is due to the breaking down of their starches into sugars.  Starches are actually polymers, or long chains, of simple sugars.  Sugars are the monomers, or building blocks, of the starch polymers (mono- means one and poly- means many).   As bananas ripen, the bonds that hold the monomers together in the starch are hydrolyzed by enzymes (amylases).  This means that when water is added to the bonds, the bonds break, releasing the monomer sugars (like glucose).  These simple sugars give the fruit a much sweeter taste than starches. This is a chemical rather than a physical change because bonds are being broken and the composition of the material is changing.  With a physical change, the physical properties are changed, but the composition remains the same.  An example of a physical change is the melting of ice; the water goes from being a solid to a liquid, but remains as water the entire time.  As bananas ripen, the sta...

As an adult, the speaker longs to swing on birches again. He notes how swinging on the birches is a temporary escape from the earth. I’d like to get away from earth awhile And then come back to it and begin over.  When he was young, swinging on the trees was simply a matter of play. As an older man, and more reflective, he sees the practice of swinging in more philosophical terms. He wants to "get away" from the earth for a while, but then he wants to come back and repeat the process. This idea of getting away could be something as simple (and abstract) as daydreaming or living in one's imagination. He may imply that he wants to be young again, or, at least, he wants to feel young again. Combined with these notions of dreaming and feeling young again is the more spiritual metaphor of moving between heaven and earth. As he swings up, he moves toward heaven and then he comes back down to earth. He does not want to escape from the earth completely and this indicates that he ...

John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry helped lead to the Civil War. There had been a series of events in the 1850s that pushed the United States closer to a civil war. When John Brown attacked a federal arsenal in the hope of starting a slave revolt, southerners were concerned. When some northerners praised him and viewed him as a martyr, southerners were dismayed. For some southerners, this was another sign that a civil war was unavoidable. After this raid failed, the voices of people who were promoting a compromise solution to the issues affecting the North and the South began to fade. After Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860, secession was a reality for many southern states. John Brown’s raid affected the outcome of the Civil War because it showed the North was becoming increasingly in favor of ending slavery completely. Even though Abraham Lincoln said he would allow slavery to remain where it already existed in order to keep the country united, many southerners believed this pr...

In Act II, Hale visits the Proctors to satisfy questions he has about the depth of their commitment to their faith.  He tells John that according to the Rev. Parris's records, John has only been to church "twenty-six time in seventeen month," a record with which he finds fault, even when John points out that he has prayed at home.  "Your house is not a church; your theology must tell you that," Hale replies. In this same interview, Hale asks why the Proctors have had only two of their three children baptized, and he dismisses John's protest that he sees "no light of God" in Rev. Parris with an admonition: "that is not for you to decide."  Still unsatisfied, Hale asks John to recite the Ten Commandments.  John is able to recall nine of them.  Hale finds John's small memory lapse unacceptable and tells him "theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in a fortress may be accounted small." Miller, Arthur.   The Crucible . Viking Pre...

In James's The Turn of the Screw , the governess is trapped on an old estate in which reality feels turned upside down. The writer uses literary devices to makes the reader feel as confused and lost as the governess does as she questions what is real around her.  A primary way in which James does this is with clever use of imagery and setting. The reader never fully has a grasp of the layout of the mansion or the grounds, and James's descriptions always evoke an eerie sense of quiet, particularly during meetings with Quint. The governess describes "dead silence" during one of their interactions, giving the scene a sense of unease. Frequent nautical references also convey a sense of the governess feeling stranded, or abandoned out at sea, with nowhere to go for help. The governess describes herself as being at the helm of "a great drifting ship" and sees images of Miles drowning.  Additionally, diction is incredibly important. James often chooses vague langua...

Indefinite integral are written in the form of `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`  where: `f(x)` as the integrand           `F(x) ` as the anti-derivative function             `C `  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration The format of the given integral problem: `int 1/(x^2+4x+8)dx` resembles one of the formulas from integration table. Recall we have indefinite integration formula for rational function as:  `int 1/(ax^2+bx+c) dx = 2/sqrt(4ac-b^2)arctan((2ax+b)/sqrt(4ac-b^2)) +C` By comparing `ax^2 +bx +c` with` x^2+4x+8` , we determine that `a=1` , `b=4,` and `c=8` . Applying indefinite integration formula for rational function, we get: `int 1/(x^2+4x+8)dx =2/sqrt(4(1)(8)-(4)^2)arctan((2(1)x+(4))/sqrt(4(1)(8)-(4)^2)) +C` `=2/sqrt(32-16)arctan((2x+4)/sqrt(32-16)) +C` `=2/sqrt(16)arctan((2x+4)/sqrt(16)) +C` `=2/4 arctan((2x+4)/4) +C` `=2/4 arctan(((2)(x+2))/4) +C` `=1/2 arctan((x+2)/2) +C`

The entire poem is geared toward a “portrait” of the Duke’s inhumanity and greed.  The casual remark  “I gave commands and all smiles stopped together” is a sinister hint as to his power and malice, and his hypocritical remark about the new candidate’s dowry is a good indication of his greed.  The fact that he treats human beings as owned objects is hidden even in his first remark : “That’s my last duchess painted on the wall.”  This "ownership" attitude is reiterated in the last image in the poem “ Notice Neptune.. which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me.”  The reader gets the same impression of the Duke as does the ambassador, who undoubtedly takes back a negative report to his employer.  The “kind of person” the Duke displays unconsciously in his exchanges with the ambassador gives a double meaning to the word “last,” since the Duke is very unlikely to ever get a good recommendation and therefore another Duchess.

Michael Obi is given the position of school headmaster because the Mission authorities believe that he can revolutionize the school. Because of Michael's training and his enthusiasm for progressive education, the authorities feel that Michael will be able to modernize the education program at the school. Michael is also outspoken in his condemnation of what he considers the backward and superstitious culture at the school. He believes that he will be able to institute meaningful changes when he is headmaster. So, when he gets to the school, Michael decides to raise the education standards and to call for a complete renovation of the school grounds. He commissions bright, beautiful flower gardens to be grown in the school compound. By doing this, he hopes to highlight the new changes taking place at the school. In his zeal, Michael neglects to take the sensibilities of the villagers into consideration, and the final results of his experimentation are extremely disappointing to him.

Taylor series is an example of infinite series derived from the expansion of `f(x)` about a single point. It is represented by infinite sum of` f^n(x)` centered at `x=c` . The general formula for Taylor series is: `f(x) = sum_(n=0)^oo (f^n(c))/(n!) (x-c)^n` or `f(x) =f(c)+f'(c)(x-c) +(f^2(c))/(2!)(x-c)^2 +(f^3(c))/(3!)(x-c)^3 +(f^4(c))/(4!)(x-c)^4 +...` To apply the definition of Taylor series for the given function `f(x) = 1/x` centered at `c=1` , we list `f^n(x)` using the  Power rule for differentiation: `d/(dx) x^n= n *x^(n-1)` and basic differentiation property: `d/(dx) c* f(x)= c * d/(dx) f(x)` . `f(x) =1/x` `f'(x) = d/(dx) 1/x`        `= d/(dx) x^(-1)`        `=-1 *x^(-1-1)`        `=-x^(-2) or -1/x^2` `f^2(x)= d/(dx) -x^(-2)`             `=-1 *d/(dx) x^(-2)`             `=-1 *(-2x^(-2-1))`            `=2x^(-3) or 2/x^3` `f^3(x)= d/(dx) 2x^(-3)`            `=2 *d/(dx) x^(-3)`           `=2 *(-3x^(-3-1))`           `=-6x^(-4) or -6/x^4` `f^4(x)= d/(dx) -6x^(-4)`       ...

Democracy was a very rare phenomenon in antiquity. Most of the great empires, such as the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Persian ones, were actually monarchies, often theocratic in nature. The two ancient civilizations that experimented with democratic governments had only limited success with the experiments. The first major democracy, and one that has very much influenced the subsequent growth of this form of political organization was that of Athens. Strikingly, it was a direct democracy in which all citizens could participate by speaking in the Assembly and voting directly on laws. Many of the important positions in Athens were selected by lot to prevent corruption. What made this workable is that there were fewer than 50,000 citizens in Athens, and normal attendance at the Assembly was probably around 10,000. Membership in the Assembly was restricted to males over the age of 18 with Athenian parents or grandparents. Women, slaves, and metics (resident aliens) who constituted the actu...

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë concludes when Jane marries Mr. Rochester.  Thornfield Hall had burned down, and Mr. Rochester's wife had perished during the fire by jumping off the roof.  The fire had left him blind.   Mr. Rochester is overjoyed when Jane returns and they marry in a quiet ceremony.  The rest of the concluding chapter centers around the next ten years of Jane's life.  Jane writes letters to her dear old friends and cousins, sisters Mary and Diana.  She also writes to St. John, their brother, but he does not return a letter for many months.  Jane visits Adèle at school, and finds her unhappy and unwell.  She moves the girl to a much better school.  At the conclusion of her schooling, Jane finds Adèle to be "a pleasing and obliging companion: docile, good-tempered, and well-principled" (Chapter XXXVIII).   Mr. Rochester lives with his blindness for two years before traveling to London to see seek "the advice of an eminent oculist; and he eventually ...

This is primarily a man versus society conflict. In the story, the protagonist is Michael Obi; his main conflict is with the villagers of Ndume. While the villagers cherish their time-tested and revered religious traditions, Michael views these beliefs as antithetical to modernization and progress. As the new principal, Michael hopes to restructure the academic programs and to revolutionize teaching methods at Ndume Central School. Michael is enthusiastic about Ndume's future, but he fails to take into account the deep respect for tradition among the village people. In a conversation with a teacher, he laments the use of an unsightly footpath that crosses the school grounds. The teacher relates that the footpath joins the village shrine to a traditional burial place, but Michael ignores the import of what the teacher tells him. He commissions heavy sticks to be deposited at the entrance and exit sections of the footpath, and he orders both sections to be reinforced with barbed wire...

Both parties were very focused on their own histories--at Democratic rallies, portraits of Andrew Jackson appeared prominently while Lincoln was the candidate of choice at Republican ones.  Both claimed to have the best views of the nation at heart.  Both were pro-expansionist in terms of growing the demand for American products abroad, thus trying to appeal to a manufacturing and farming base.   There were some major contrasts between the parties, however.  In 1892 and 1896 the Democrats adopted the Populist platform of bimetalism, the free coinage of both gold and silver.  This would ease the credit crunch in the nation and make it easier for farmers to get loans.  Republicans feared that taking America off the gold standard would bring about economic ruin.  Most Republicans were well-to-do and wealthy industrialists who did not like the idea that their fortunes would be devalued.  This came to a head in 1896 in the election between William Jennings Bryan on the Democratic side and t...

I suggest looking at paragraphs three, four, and five for information about how Brother feels about Doodle's birth and having a brother.   Paragraph four describes how Brother is very excited about the possibility of having a brother.  A brother would give him a buddy to play with.  Brother tells readers that he desperately wants somebody to run, jump, and climb stuff with.  That makes perfect sense.  Brother is six years old, and he's really active.  When Doodle is born, Brother can't help but be excited about finally having a playmate.   That excitement is mixed with disappointment though.   He was born when I was six and was, from the outset, a disappointment. Doodle is physically disabled, and the family suspects that he is also mentally disabled.  Brother has built up in his head an ideal of what having a brother will be like, and with Doodle's limitations, Brother realizes that his hopes have been dashed.  Brother even admits that he is willing to accept Doodle...

In "The Canterville Ghost," the ghost almost always appears in a dark room. We see this in Chapter Two when the ghost makes his first appearance before the family. He waits until all of the lights have been turned off before he rattles his chains along the corridor. Arguably, the ghost appears in a dark room because he wants to maximise his chances of scaring the Otis family. By appearing at night and in the dark, the ghost has a better chance of frightening the new residents of Canterville Chase which is, in fact, the reason for his existence, as is made clear in Chapter Four: "It was his solemn duty to appear in the corridor once a week, and to gibber from the large oriel window on the first and third Wednesdays in every month." Ultimately, however, the ghost fails to frighten the family, despite his many appearances in the darkest recesses of the house. In an ironic twist, the ghost becomes the terrified victim of the Otis family and decides to leave the house in...

E = mc^2 is considered to be the most well-known contribution by the famous German physicist Albert Einstein. This is his famous mass-energy equivalency equation and relates mass and energy. `E = mc^2` In this equation, E is the energy of a given body, m is the mass of the body and c is the speed of light (in vacuum, equal to about 3 x 10^8 m/s).  In simple words, it means that mass and energy are interrelated and every body that has some mass has some internal energy. The amount of energy can be calculated by using the above equation. A massive body will therefore have more energy than a lighter body and similarly, a body in motion will have more energy than a body at rest. Also, the energy contained in a body at rest is a constant.  Hope this helps. 

In George Orwell’s 1984 , the Party controls the people through the media in a variety of ways. The first technique is having such control over the media that the past and present can be changed almost immediately. This, in fact, is Winston Smith’s job at the Ministry of Truth. In his cubicle, Winston edits news stories to fall in line with the Party’s version of reality. Old versions of the past go in the "memory hole," a chute that takes the truth, or an earlier forged version of the past, to the incinerator. Julia’s job also reveals how the Party uses media to control the masses. Part of Julia’s job includes printing crude pornography to pacify the Proles, an uneducated group of people who make up the vast majority of Oceania’s population. With the Proles kept complacent, the Party has nothing to fear from them. Finally, media itself acts as a form of surveillance. The telescreens present in the homes of all Party members not only play propaganda 24 hours a day, but the Th...