Pa is portrayed as an uncaring and abusive father by Mark Twain as part of his satiric commentary on social ills in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
In the late 1800s, there was a decline in the moral, as well as social, conditions of the family, a decline that influenced Mark Twain to write about these conditions. The characterization of Huck's Pa depicts the irresponsible and disreputable parent. In fact, the character Pa is based upon a man that Mark Twain knew as "old drunken Ben Blankenship." He, too, was a poor father and a failure at providing for his family. Twain specifically addresses the social ill when the judge tries to reform Pa by taking him into his home, but Pa escapes and gets drunk again.
In the contrast of Pa with Jim as a parent figure, the meanness, cruelty, and cold heartlessness of Pa toward Huck is exposed; for, Jim is loving and tender towards Huck, calling him "honey chile" and crying when they are reunited on the raft in Chapter XV:
Goodness, gracious, is dat you, Huck? En you ain' dead--you ain' downded--you's back agin? It's too good for true, honey, it's too good for true. Lemme look at you, chile lemme feel o'you. No, you ain' dead! you's back agin, 'live en soun' jis de same olde Huck--de same olde Huck, thanks to goodness!
Huck and Jim develop a very close relationship on the raft away from society. In fact, the descriptions by Huck of their life on the great river take on mythological proportions. Certainly, Jim's moral uprightness, his love, and his openness have a profound effect on Huck, much in contrast to the moral calamity of slavery, hypocrisy, dysfunctional families, senseless feuds, and all sorts of chicaneries by swindlers on the land.
Thus, in Twain's classic satire, the ills of society are exposed through the narrative of a rebellious boy who learns true moral values from a slave and from exposure to the world itself.
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