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What is a summary of the evolution of ancient Indian civilization?

While humans have existed in India since prehistoric times, ancient Indian civilization began with the Indus Valley, or Harappan, Civilization around 5000 BCE. During this era, there is evidence of religious practices, early agricultural settlements, and the existence of dozens of towns. This era is followed by the Vedic Period, from 1500 BCE to 500 CE. During this period, the Rig Veda was written (featuring the first references to Shiva in Indian religious literature), Indian civilization expanded to the Ganges valley, and India was divided into sixteen separate states. The late Vedic Period was additionally characterized by conflict over borders and invasion by Huns and Greeks. The Gupta period, which happened within the Vedic Period from 320 CE to 550 CE, is considered a golden age of ancient Indian civilization due to advances in art and architecture. For the following centuries, rule of the Indian civilization was divided by region, and the Buddhist religion spread throughout the region.

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