Notes

Federalist Paper 10 is one of the most popular and recognizable of the collection. It is one of history's most highly praised pieces of American political writing. The paper itself was written by James Madison for the collection of papers arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. The original thirteen colonies fell under much disagreement about the Constitution, so the Federalist Papers were published in order to sway the opinions of the public and the politicians. Paper 10 continues on the subject of the previous paper: factions. Factions are groups of citizens, and can be both dangerous and necessary. Madison believed that factions are unavoidable because men, by nature, seek out other men who hold similar opinions and desires. However, he feared factions that held negative ideals and worked against the best interests of society. One of the most popular contemporary interpretations of Paper 10 takes the advice on factions to extend to political parties in ge...

Solar energy can be transformed into electrical energy by using photovoltaic cells.  There are many different types of photovoltaic cells, including crystalline, amorphous, organic, and nano. In general, a photovoltaic cell can convert 7-30% of incoming sunlight to electrical energy. Light energy is emitted from the sun in the form of  photons . Photons are small packets of light energy. Photons are absorbed by the semiconductor material in photovoltaic cells. This causes electrons to flow and generates electrical current. An  inverter is used to convert direct current into alternating current that can be used by home appliances. Photovoltaic cells can operate for up to twenty years and do not produce emissions that harm the environment. The cost of solar energy is still higher than the cost of nonrenewable energy sources; the cost of solar power has dropped considerably since the 1970s, however.

The powers of the three branches have expanded dramatically since the ratification of the Constitution. These changes have been the result of a number of different factors (including the addition of formal amendments mentioned in the question,) but they generally have stemmed from the establishment of precedents. From the earliest actions of George Washington, for example, presidents have acted in ways that expanded the powers of the presidency. When Thomas Jefferson gave his approval to the Louisiana Purchase, for instance, he acted outside the formal boundaries of the Constitution, which does not give the executive the power to conclude such land purchases. Subsequent presidents, however, could draw on this example to do so. Jefferson also sent naval forces to the Mediterranean to combat pirates there, and subsequent presidents could cite this as a precedent for committing troops to combat without a congressional declaration of war. The Supreme Court has expanded the powers of the ju...

Jing-Mei's performance in the talent show is disastrous in "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan.  For a whole year Jing-Mei halfheartedly practices her piano skills under the tutelage of her deaf, myopic music teacher. She is quick to realize she can be lazy and inaccurate while she works with him. Unfortunately, her mother arranges for her to take part in a talent show. Having high expectations for her daughter, and in her excitement, she invites all of her friends from the Joy Luck Club to the performance. For the talent show I was to play a piece called "Pleading Child," from Schumann's Scenes from Childhood. It was a simple, moody piece that sounded more difficult than it was. Jing-Mei dressed in a beautiful white dress for the performance and she felt confident in her piano skills until she played the first wrong note. Her performance was horrible as she played one wrong note after another. After her dreadfully embarrassing recital, Jing-Mei feels faint and is overco...

The simile, 'docile as paper' is part of the extended imagery which the poet uses to refer to the city throughout the poem. The image one has of the city from whence the speaker came is that it has lodged itself in her memory as pure and untainted. She furthermore associates the city with sunlight which speaks of a happy place, filled with warmth and life. It is evident that the speaker has an idealised concept of her city of origin. Even though she is constantly bombarded with negative images and cynical stories about her homeland, she refuses to relinquish the positive image she has of it.  In this sense then, the city poses no threat to her. As long as the memory thereof is pleasant, it cannot do any harm. It is in this context that the poet uses the simile, 'docile as paper.' Docile means obedient. The fact that the city comes to her in 'its own white plane' and 'lies down in front of me' metaphorically suggest that all the ideas that she has of her ...

While all three were important challenges facing newly decolonized African nations in 1960, sovereignty and security was the biggest problem in a world dominating by a Cold War between western capitalist democracies and Soviet socialism. African nations needed to establish security and sovereignty before they could address the other two challenges, and were hard put to do so in the international climate of that era.  The African nations granted autonomy in the 1950s-1960 in general faced challenges establishing sovereignty and security independent of their former colonial masters because of the legacy of colonialism. These new nations did not have good infrastructure in place when they achieved freedom: they lacked the kind of roads, power grids and communication networks common in countries with a long history of independence. Further, the colonial administrators installed by the foreign powers tended to have the most expertise in running these countries, and they left after independe...

The last days before Christmas are hard for Cassie because her father has not come home yet.   Papa’s brother Uncle Hammer arrived before Papa for Christmas.  Papa was off working for the railroad, so he could usually only come home for the holidays and crops.  The family owns their land, which makes them luckier than many African-American families, but they also have to pay the taxes on so much land.  That is expensive.  There is a debt on half the land, so Papa goes to work when he can.  It was good rich land, much of it still virgin forest, and there was no debt on half of it. But there was a mortgage on the two hundred acres bought in 1918 and there were taxes on the full four hundred, and for the past three years there had not been enough money from the cotton to pay both and live on too. (Ch. 1)  The year is 1933, in the middle of the Great Depression, and Papa is in Louisiana “laying track” instead of with his family.  Cassie really misses her father.  In those days, communicati...

In Fahrenheit 451 , Bradbury makes reference to a lot of other books and authors. Here are a few examples: There is a reference to the Oxford Martyrs, Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, who were burned for heresy in 1555. In fact, Latimer's words are quoted by the woman who is burned in Part One. In Beatty's speech to Montag, in which he explains and justifies the fireman system, Bradbury refers to two other important works: Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Little Black Sambo by Helen Bannerman. Just before Montag kills Beatty, there is a reference to Shakespeare, specifically to his Julius Caesar : "There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats, for I am arm'd so strong in honesty that they pass by me as an idle wind, which I respect not!" Shakespeare himself is mentioned by Montag when he calls Faber for the first time. Montag also mentions Plato, the philosopher, in this call. Matthew Arnold's poem, "Dover Beach," also features i...

In general, when you say this phrase, you mean  establishing boundaries between you and your neighbor helps you both know how to act and respect each other's space and privacy . For example, if you and your next door neighbor know for certain where your yard ends and his begins, then there won't be any disagreement about which of you is supposed to mow that bit in the middle. More generally, if you've established that it's not okay for your neighbor's kids to come play on your trampoline and make lots of noise any time they want, then you both experience more peace and less conflict. Boundaries can make for a better relationship between neighbors. For a more detailed (and scholarly) exploration of this proverb, please click here . In Robert Frost's poem "Mending Wall," the speaker considers this phrase as he and his neighbor work on rebuilding the damaged wall that marks the boundary between their fields. The speaker wonders why they even need the wall...

Hooke's law  is written as `F = kx` where:  `F`  = force `k` = proportionality constant or spring constant `x` = length displacement from its natural length Apply Hooke's Law to the integral application for work: `W = int_a^b F dx` , we get: `W = int_a^b kx dx` `W = k * int_a^b x dx` Apply Power rule for integration: `int x^n(dx) = x^(n+1)/(n+1)` `W = k * x^(1+1)/(1+1)|_a^b` `W = k * x^2/2|_a^b` From the given work: seven and one-half foot-pounds (7.5 ft-lbs) , note that the units has "ft" instead of inches.   To be consistent, apply the conversion factor: 12 inches = 1 foot then:  `2` inches = `1/6` ft `1/2` or `0.5` inches =`1/24` ft To solve for k, we consider the initial condition of applying 7.5 ft-lbs to compress a spring  `2` inches or `1/6` ft from its natural length. Compressing `1/6` ft of it natural length implies the boundary values:` a=0` to `b=1/6` ft. Applying  `W = k * x^2/2|_a^b` , we get: `7.5= k * x^2/2|_0^(1/6)` Apply definite integral formula: `...

Metaphysical poetry is often characterized by an extended metaphor called a conceit. In this poem, Herbert uses the metaphor of the pulley to illustrate balance in man's relationship with God. Discussing the Creation of Man (humans), God gives man strength, beauty, wisdom, honor, and pleasure, but withholds rest. God reasons that if He gave man everything, man would only worship his gifts and Nature (the world). By withholding rest, man can become tired, restless, or weary. This is when man will turn to God. Therefore, God's gifts make man comfortable in nature, but man's restlessness makes him reach for something spiritual. Thus, there is a balance (pulley) between the world (nature) and God. This is a balance between the physical world and the metaphysical realm.  Many metaphysical poems deal with abstract notions, philosophical ideas, or religious matters. This poem is about the Creation and the relationship between man and God. That relationship is spiritual and therefo...

`sum_(n=1)^oo(2^n+1)/2^(n+1)` Let's verify it by using n'th term rest for divergence: If `lim_(n->oo)a_n!=0` ,then `sum_(n=1)^ooa_n` diverges `lim_(n->oo)(2^n+1)/2^(n+1)` `=lim_(n->oo)(2^n+1)/(2^n*2^1)` `=lim_(n->oo)(2^n(1+1/2^n))/(2^n*2)` `=lim_(n->oo)(1+1/2^n)/2` `=1/2!=0` Since `lim_(n->oo)a_n!=0` , we can conclude that the series diverges as per the divergence test.

Romeo utters this line immediately after killing Tybalt in the first scene of Act Three. As his kinsman Benvolio urges him to flee, knowing that the Prince will possibly sentence him to death if he is captured, Romeo stands as if in a daze. He realizes the gravity of what he has done. He has cost his friend Mercutio his life by his ill-timed intervention in his fight with Tybalt, and he has doomed his recent marriage to Juliet. With this line, he is, essentially, cursing his bad luck. This is all the more powerful because the audience knows that Romeo and Juliet are doomed, and that the death of Tybalt has probably set in motion the events that will bring about their fate. As it turns out, Romeo has reason to decry his bad luck. The Prince does not sentence him to death, but to be banished to the nearby town of Mantua. The Friar's scheme to reunite the two lovers, and avoid Juliet's pending marriage to Paris, falls apart. The death of Tybalt at Romeo's hands is thus a major...

We can learn a great deal from "Sonny's Blues." One lesson we learn from "Sonny's Blues" is that experience brings empathy. After learning about his brother's heroin addiction, the narrator does not reach out to help his brother, Sonny. Instead, he waits nearly half a year. I think I may have written Sonny the very day that little Grace was buried. I was sitting in the living room in the dark, by myself, and I suddenly thought of Sonny. My trouble made his real. Because the narrator has experienced the pain from the loss of his daughter, he understands the pain that his brother must be going through. Just as the narrator is alone in his room, he realizes that his brother must feel alone, and that is when he decides to reach out to him. We see the narrator's capacity for empathy in an earlier scene when the narrator is speaking to one of Sonny's friends. "Look. Don't tell me your sad story, if it was up to me, I'd give you one."...

The transportation (and we might add communications) revolution, the Louisiana Purchase, and the development of the idea known as Manifest Destiny were what might be called mutually reinforcing developments in the settlement of the West in the nineteenth century. The Louisiana Purchase, concluded in 1803, led to the acquisition of the vast landmass between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States should claim all of the North American continent to the Pacific Ocean, contributed to the conquest of the American Southwest, including California, after war with Mexico in 1848. So these developments contributed to the acquisition of land in the West. The transportation revolution, which in the West mainly involved the construction of railroads, made it possible to profitably settle the vast region by connecting it to eastern markets. The effects of all of this on the landscape of the West were profound. Mining and timber companies stake...

The main character in the novel To Sir, with Love is Ricardo "Rick" Braithwaite, a black man from British Guiana. He formerly served in the Royal Air Force (RAF), but when he was released from the military in 1945, he could not get a job because of his race. He interviewed to work in engineering and, though he was eminently qualified, he did not get the job because the employer felt that white people would not be able to have him as their supervisor. Running out of money, he takes a job teaching poor white children in London's East End at the Greenslade Secondary School. The students at the school have little supervision at home, and most resist discipline and teaching, unless the teacher has a firm but loving touch, like Mrs. Grace Dale-Evans, who teaches Domestic Science. Grace has worked at the school for nearly twenty years and understand the students. Gillian Blanchard is an attractive, young teacher who is new to the school; she and Ricky eventually develop a roman...

The main point of this article is that Native American women's health must be considered in the context of their role as "Fourth World" citizens. This means that they are colonized people subject to a majority population. The authors consider the life stressors on Native American women, including environmental factors, following the model developed by Krieger and others. Krieger has studied the role of discrimination in health outcomes. The authors also present epidemiological data related to Native American women. Though they suffer from many diseases at the same rate or at a lower rate as other women, they have higher rates of other diseases, such as diabetes, motor vehicle accidents, suicides, alcohol abuse, and others. Native Americans are victims of violence at a rate that is greater than 2.5 times the average rate in the U.S., and Native American women are more likely than other women to be victims of physical and sexual abuse--statistics that are surprising. The au...

The empirical formula provides us with the simplest relation between the different atoms of a molecule. A molecular formula gives us the actual number of atoms in the molecule, although the ratio of atoms remains the same between a molecular formula and empirical formula. Here, empirical formula = CH2 Empirical formula weight = number of atoms of carbon x atomic mass of carbon + number of atoms of hydrogen x atomic mass of hydrogen  = 1 x 12 + 2 x 1 = 14 g/mole. The molecular formula weight is 42.08 g/mole. Molecular formula = n x empirical formula, where n = molecular formula weight / empirical formula weight = 42.08 / 14 = 3 (approximately). Thus, the molecular formula = 3 x empirical formula = 3 (CH2) = C3H6 . The required molecule is propene or propylene and has a molecular formula of C3H6. Hope this helps.

We are asked to graph the function `y=(x^3-8)/(6-x^2) ` : Factoring the numerator yields: `y=((x-2)(x^2+2x+4))/(6-x^2) ` There are vertical asymptotes at ` x=+-sqrt(6) ` . The x-intercept is 2 and the y-intercept is -4/3. The slant asymptote is y=-x. The graph:

In Chapter 1, Ponyboy comments that he believes he is intelligent but has a tendency to make bad decisions. When Pony decides to walk to the movies by himself, he says, "It drives my brother Darry nuts when I do stuff like that, 'cause I'm supposed to be smart; I make good grades and have a high IQ and everything, but I don't use my head" (Hinton 4). In addition to being intelligent, Ponyboy also sees himself as a good athlete . In Chapter 7, Ponyboy says, "I'm on the A-squad track team, the youngest one. I'm a good runner" (Hinton 91). Ponyboy also has a tendency to be selfish and not think about others. Throughout the novel, he does not appreciate Darry for the sacrifices that he makes on a daily basis. Ponyboy also does not listen to Sodapop's issues and is rather naive when it comes to understanding his brothers' feelings. At the end of the novel, Sodapop runs out of the house after hearing Darry and Ponyboy argue. Pony and Darry cha...

Animal Farm is an allegory which means that it can be read on two different levels. Each character or event in an allegory stands for something else. Orwell's purpose then was not just a simple fable of animals on a farm but also a critique of the Russian Revolution. At the beginning of the novel the conditions on Manor Farm allegorically mirror the conditions of pre-revolutionary Russia. For example, Farmer Jones could be compared to the Russian Czar in his negligence of his nation's problems. The farmer is depicted as drunk and irresponsible. He basically only gives his animals enough food to keep them barely going. Old Major describes their plight: "We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty...The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the p...

The Burkes, Leslie's parents in the novel, are the more involved of these two sets of rather self-absorbed parents in the novel Bridge to Terabithia . The Burkes are city people who have moved to the country to learn how to live a simpler, rural life. They are writers who are often involved in writing projects. Their parenting style could best be described as informal compared to the Aarons'. The Burkes share conversations with Leslie about music, literature and politics. By comparison, the Aarons, Jess's parents, are more traditional, rural parents. Their work on the land and home consumes their time and energy. Their relationship with the children revolves around chores and what needs to be accomplished around the home. Conversation is kept at a minimum, even though Jess longs for affection and interaction from his parents. Their traditional style of parenting extends to the chores assigned around the house. Jess, the only boy, is given far more chores to do than the four...

Two major causes in population fluctuation could be described as reproductive capability and environmental pressures. Both of these are related to access to resources, which I will address further in just a moment. First, humans have a somewhat limited reproductive capability. Though we differ from other mammals in the sense that women are able to conceive year-round during their fertile years (rather than seasonally), we must account for a gestational period as well as time needed to nurture a newborn. Prior to the last century or so, it was expected the world over that at least one, if not most, of a woman's children would die. Many couples tried to maximize their success by having many children with the expectation that some would die, but they had to be able to provide for the children from then on in terms of food and shelter. With the technological advances we have today, it is quite unusual for a child to die, so many parents choose to have less than five children. (Though i...

Tom Sawyer  critiques much of American society in this seemingly light-hearted set of adventures. First, he mocks how easily deceived Americans are and how readily a "con man" can trick them. Early in the book, when Tom is punished by being forced to whitewash a fence, he manages to convince other boys to take on the "privilege" of doing his work by pretending it is fun and then denying them the opportunity to help. As the narrator states, commenting on how gullible people are, "in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain." Second, the book critiques the American educational system, showing the schoolmaster as a petty tyrant "sitting on his throne" and ruling through corporal punishment. The students don't respect the teacher and the teacher doesn't respect them. Twain uses the schoolmaster to criticize the harsh punishments doled out to students during that time period. He als...

`x/(x^2-2)=(-1)/x` Cross multiply, `x*x=-1(x^2-2)` `x^2=-x^2+2` `x^2+x^2-2=0` `2x^2-2=0` Factorize, `2(x^2-1)=0` `2(x+1)(x-1)=0` Use the zero product property, `x+1=0`  or  `x-1=0` `x=-1`  or  `x=1` Now let's check the solutions by plugging them in the original equation, For x=-1, `(-1)/((-1)^2-2)=(-1)/(-1)` `(-1)/(1-2)=1` `(-1)/(-1)=1` `1=1` It's true. For x=1, `1/(1^2-2)=(-1)/1` `1/(1-2)=-1` `1/(-1)=-1` `-1=-1` It's true. S, the solutions are -1 and 1 .

When potassium hydrogen carbonate (chemical formula: KHCO3), also known as potassium bicarbonate, reacts with chlorous acid (chemical formula: HClO2), the following reaction takes place: `KHCO_3 + HClO_2 -> KClO_2 + H_2CO_3` The products of this reaction are potassium chlorite and carbonic acid. A well balanced equation is one in which the number of atoms of each species is equal on both sides of the equation. For example, there is only 1 atom of potassium (K) on both the product and reactant side. Similarly, there are only 5 atoms of oxygen on both sides of the equation. In the same manner one can check out other species. The above equation is balanced. Note that this equation represents a double-displacement reaction, since the cations (K+, H+) and anions (HCO3- and ClO2-) have exchanged their respective partners.  Hope this helps. 

The span of time between the end of World War I in 1918 and the beginning of World War II in 1939 (let us not forget that the United States did not enter the war until 1941) is sometimes called "the period between the wars." However, one could also refer to it as an era of dictatorships. Germany and Italy fell to the fascist dictators Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, respectively. Spain fell to the fascist dictator Francisco Franco after the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939. However, Franco and his supporters are not typically called fascists but instead, Nationalists. Some historians view the sectarian war as more of a fight between leftist revolutionaries and reactionary counter-revolutionaries instead of a fight between fascists and those loyal to the Second Spanish Republic. Franco wanted to create a totalitarian state that would have been allied with Germany and Italy. His plan to join the Axis Powers was foiled by the British Intelligence agency, MI-6, which bribe...

The most common definition of symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species closely interacting with each other. These interactions tend to be long term with the survival of both species hinging on the interactions. The most common example of this form of mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship in plants apart from the lichen is the mycorrhiza. The mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship established between fungi and the roots of plants, although a mycorrhizal relationship can occur in plants that do not have roots. Examples include psilotum and bryophytes (mosses and liverworts). The lichen symbiosis is an association between fungi and algae which develop into distinct morphological forms where the alga develops into a phycobiont and the lichen becomes the mycobiont. Symbiosis may also be classified according to the type and level of interaction between species. When one of the organisms benefits at the expense of the other over time the relationship ...

Dehumanization is a common threat shared among military members across centuries of warfare.  It is lessening the human characteristics of the enemy through ridicule, denial, sarcasm and labels that tend to shift the focus away from human characteristics toward generic or non-human characteristics.  In essence, it is removing the human from humanity.  Although typically associated with warfare, dehumanization can be found in non-violent conversation and is generally part of racial epithets. In  The Things They Carried , each member of Alpha Company bears a burden of guilt and fear.  The deaths Alpha Company suffers weigh heavily upon the living.  Lemon's death was perhaps preventable.  Lavender's death happened during a moment of nostalgia by Lt Cross, who wonders later if his inattention contributed.  Kiowa's death in an unbelievably senseless manner forever alters the members of the company.  The fear of death and suffering the soldiers face each day wreaks havoc with th...

Paul Laurence Dunbar uses the visual trope of a caged bird, which is a frequent metaphor for stolen freedom or the sense of being trapped. The trope has been used in literature before and after Dunbar. It is important to note that his line in the third stanza, "I know why the caged sings," was appropriated by Maya Angelou. It became the title of her memoir in which she recounted being raped as a young girl by her mother's boyfriend. As a result, her uncles kill him. Thus, she chooses not to speak, out of fear that her voice can kill. Angelou applied an ironic inversion to Dunbar's line: she expresses her anguish by refusing to make a sound, while, according to Dunbar's narrator, a bird would sing to express its pain. Throughout the poem, Dunbar repeats the phrase "I know." This use of anaphora, or the repetition of a phrase for effect, emphasizes his understanding and identification with the small, helpless, trapped creature. This use of parallelism help...

Given to solve, `lim_(x->1) (x^a - 1)/(x^b-1)` as `x->1` then the `lim_(x->1) (x^a - 1)/(x^b-1) =0/0` form so upon applying the L 'Hopital rule we get the solution as follows, as for the general equation it is as follows `lim_(x->a) f(x)/g(x) = 0/0` or `(+-oo)/(+-oo)` then by using the L'Hopital Rule we get  the solution with the  below form. `lim_(x->a) (f'(x))/(g'(x))` so , now evaluating `lim_(x->1) (x^a - 1)/(x^b-1)` = `lim_(x->1) ((x^a - 1)')/((x^b-1)')` = `lim_(x->1) (a(x^(a-1)))/((b(x^(b-1))))` now plugging the value of  x = 1 then we get = `lim_(x->1) (ax^(a-1))/((bx^(b-1)))` = `(a(1)^(a-1))/((b(1)^(b-1)))` = `a/b`

At the beginning of the novel, Eliezer mentions that he devoted his life to understanding the Talmud and studying Kabbalah while living in Sighet. Eliezer says that by day he would study the Talmud which is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism, and at night he would weep over the destruction of the Temple. Although Eliezer's father discourages him from studying Jewish mysticism known as Kabbalah, he becomes friends with Moishe the Beadle who teaches him the Zohar. Eliezer mentions that Moishe the Beadle would spend hours on end explaining the mysteries of Kabbalah. Even after Moishe the Beadle is deported by the Hungarian police, Eliezer continues to visit and pray in the synagogue. As the novel progresses, Eliezer becomes a prisoner who is forced to work in the inhumane concentration camps. He experiences horrific tragedies but continues to pray to God. Unfortunately, Eliezer loses his faith after witnessing innumerable tragedies such as the death of his father. 

This scene begins with a short soliloquy by Lady Macbeth. She professes her courage and admits that she drugged Duncan’s guards. However, she reveals her hidden fears by starting at an owl’s cry, worrying that Macbeth has not killed Duncan, and giving an excuse for why she did not commit the crime herself: “Had he not resembled / My father as he slept, I had done't.” Macbeth returns with bloody hands. He thinks he heard men talking in their sleep and waking up. It is unclear how much he actually heard and how much he imagined. His wife chastises him for cowardice and directs him to “Consider it not so deeply.” Macbeth forgot to leave the bloody weapons with the guards in order to frame them, so Lady Macbeth goes back and does it herself. They both hear knocking, and Macbeth laments the blood he has just shed. While Macbeth asks, “Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand?” Lady Macbeth answers, “A little water clears us of this deed.” Of course, Macbet...

In an exchange between Giles Corey, John Proctor, and Reverend Parris in Act One, Parris complains he has been waiting for the firewood he claims is part of his contract. Giles corrects him, saying, "You are allowed six pounds a year to buy your wood, Mr. Parris." Parris disagrees, saying "I regard that six pound as part of my salary. I am paid little enough without I spend six pound on firewood." Parris's greed seems evident when he uses the word "regard" to describe the six pounds allotted for firewood. Despite what his contract indicates, he clearly believes he should be paid more, telling John "The salary is sixty-six pound, Mr. Proctor!" Parris goes on to describe himself as a Harvard graduate, "not some preaching farmer." This is an insult to Giles and John, who are both farmers. Parris's attitude is not typical of a Puritan; their philosophy was that one should lay up treasures in Heaven, not concern oneself with worldly ...

We are asked to write a power function whose graph includes the points (3,14) and (9,44): `14=a3^b,44=a9^b` From the first equation we get: `a=14/(3^b)` Then `44=(14/(3^b))*9^b` `44=14*3^b` `3^b=22/7` `b=(ln(22/7))/(ln(3))~~1.042` We can now solve for a to get: `a=14/(3^b)=14/(3^(ln(22/7)/ln(3)))=49/11~~4.455` The model is `y=49/11x^1.042`

In her play Topdog/Underdog , Suzan-Lori Parks draws many parallels between her two African-American characters Lincoln and Booth and the two historic figures they are named after. One parallel is socioeconomic . In the play, Lincoln , as the older brother, is the provider of their two-person family. He is proud of his job as an Abraham Lincoln impersonator and of the little it can provide for himself and his brother. Meanwhile, Booth gets what he can through dishonest means such as robbing and attempting to pull con jobs . At the start of the play, Booth is trying to learn how to play three-card monte, a street con that has the potential to be lucrative. Booth wants to find enough economic means to be able to marry the girl of his dreams, Grace. However, Booth isn't making much progress in learning the con his brother is already very adept at. In the opening scene, Booth asks Lincoln to teach him the game, but Lincoln refuses , reminding his brother he had promised their ...

Starch is a macromolecule consisting of glucose monomers . It functions as a storage polysaccharide in plants. Plant cells contain plastids to store starch until it is needed. An example is a potato tuber which contains stored starch granules within the plastids of these cells. One type of molecule that makes up starch is called amylose which is an unbranched starch molecule . These molecules have a straight chain formation of glucose sub-- units linked by glycosidic bonds. It is the simplest type of starch molecule. It can be found in corn starch. Another type of starch molecule is called amylopectin which has some branches. It can be found in corn, potatoes and rice. It also contains glucose sub--units. Whenever you consume a starchy food of plant origin, it will contain both amylose and amylopectin molecules. Glycogen , also known as animal starch can be found within granules embedded in muscle tissue and is an energy reserve for muscles to use when additional energy is required...

Other animals object to trading with humans, the humans won't given them a fair price, and the animals are given counterfeit money. The animals have a rule at first that there will be no trade with humans.  Old Major is very specific about this when he lays out his philosophy of Animalism.  The animals are to avoid imitating humans or having contact with them. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. (Ch. 1)  This doesn’t last long though.  Soon, the pigs become more and more like humans.  Eventually, they live in the house, sleep in the beds, and drink alcohol.  The prohibition against trade is also lifted, because Napoleon cares nothing about the tenets of Animalism, and is more interested in his own power and comfort.  From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but ...

When someone misses the drawing, another family member must draw on his or her behalf. During the proceedings, Mr. Summers, the man who presides over the lottery, must ensure that everyone is accounted for. On one particular occasion, a man named Clyde Dunbar is absent. Accordingly, Dunbar has broken his leg, and so, he cannot attend the drawing. Mr. Summers asks who will draw on Dunbar's behalf, and Dunbar's wife answers that she will do the honors. Upon hearing this, Mr. Summers asks whether Mrs. Dunbar has a grown son who will draw for his father. She responds that their son, Horace, isn't sixteen yet and therefore, cannot draw for his father. Interestingly, even though everyone in the crowd knows that Horace isn't of age, Mr. Summers must follow protocol and formally ask the necessary questions when someone is absent. Mr. Summers then asks whether the "Watson boy" is drawing this year. The boy answers in the affirmative and confirms that he will be drawing...

Arc length (L) of the function y=f(x) on the interval [a,b] is given by the formula, `L=int_a^b sqrt(1+(dy/dx)^2)dx` , if y=f(x) a `<=`  x `<=`  b, Now `y=x^4/8+1/(4x^2)` Now we need to differentiate the above function with respect to x, `dy/dx=1/8(4)x^(4-1)+1/4(-2)x^(-2-1)` `dy/dx=1/2x^3-1/2x^(-3)` `dy/dx=x^3/2-1/(2x^3)` `dy/dx=(x^6-1)/(2x^3)`   Now arc length L=`int_1^3 sqrt(1+((x^6-1)/(2x^3))^2)dx` `=int_1^3sqrt(1+(x^12-2x^6+1)/(4x^6))dx` `=int_1^3sqrt((4x^6+x^12-2x^6+1)/(4x^6))dx` `=int_1^3sqrt((x^12+2x^6+1)/(4x^6))dx` `=int_1^3sqrt(((x^6+1)/(2x^3))^2)dx` `=int_1^3(x^6+1)/(2x^3)dx` `=int_1^3(x^6/(2x^3)+1/(2x^3))dx` `=int_1^3(x^3/2+1/2x^(-3))dx` `=[1/2x^4/4+1/2(x^(-3+1)/(-3+1))]_1^3` `=[x^4/8-1/(4x^2)]_1^3` `=[3^4/8-1/(4(3)^2)]-[1^4/8-1/(4(1)^2)]` `=[81/8-1/36]-[1/8-1/4]` `=[(729-2)/72]-[(1-2)/8]` `=[727/72]-[-1/8]` `=727/72+1/8` `=(727+9)/72` `=736/72` `=92/9` So, the Arc length=`92/9`

Early in Shakespeare's  Macbeth , Macbeth is seen as a respected military leader and nobleman. He has a strong relationship with King Duncan and has proven himself effective on the battlefield. In Act I, scene ii, the Captain reports to Duncan that the Scots, under the command of Macbeth and Banquo, have defeated the Norwegians in a particularly bloody battle. Macdonwald, Thane of Cawdor, has betrayed the crown and fought with the Norwegians. To punish Macdonwald and reward Macbeth, Duncan decides to give Macbeth the title Thane of Cawdor.  A couple of scenes later, in Act I, scene iv, Duncan awards Macbeth the title and addresses him as "My worthy Cawdor" (line 47). Despite receiving the acclaim of the king, though, Macbeth is resentful because it is in this same scene that Duncan names his oldest son, Malcolm, as his official heir. Macbeth sees that someone else is above him in the line of succession, and in order to feel superior again, he vows to eliminate the threat ...

At the beginning of the novel, Scout has a short temper and is relatively inconsiderate of other people's feelings. She doesn't take into consideration that her teacher, Miss Caroline, is not familiar with the citizens of Maycomb because she is new to the area, and openly criticizes Walter Cunningham Jr. at the dinner table for pouring syrup all over his meal. Scout is quick to fight when she gets upset and argues with her brother on several occasions. As the novel progresses, Scout pays attention to her father's morally upright character and listens to Atticus' life lessons. Scout's various experiences impact her ability to show compassion and gain perspective on other people's points of view. She becomes tolerant of her racist, hypocritical neighbors and learns the value of all human beings. After witnessing Tom Robinson's trial, Scout begins to show empathy towards innocent beings and gains insight into other character's personalities. Scout trea...

It's a pretty dark and bleak world in which the narrator lives. His street is "blind" and "quiet" with a "brown imperturbable [face]." The home's former tenant, a priest, had died inside, and the garden behind the house had grown "wild." The story is set during winter, when "dusk fell before" dinnertime, and the narrator and his friends would play outside in the "dark muddy lanes" and "dark dripping gardens," near the "dark odorous stables." The repetition of the word "dark" is symbolic; this is a dark time for Ireland: its slums are some of the worst in Europe, political tensions are high, and Nationalists see the advent of WWI as an opportunity to rebel against England while she is otherwise engaged. However, Mangan's sister is always characterized by light, in comparison to the darkness everywhere else. As she stands in the doorway, looking for her brother, the narrator sees her ...

The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde is a play that satirizes many forms of Victorian conventions. Religion is no exception. For the upper class characters of the book, religion functions as a social convention, rather like serving tea.  The main religious elements of the play involve The Reverend Frederick Chasuble, D.D., a clergyman in the Church of England, who is called upon to christen the two young men who desire to be named Earnest. He is a stereotypical caricature of the English divine: celibate, of indeterminate age, obsessed with obscure scholarly questions about the Primitive Church, and unworldly in the sense that he is utterly impractical. He is almost obsessively concerned with the outward details of religious ceremony. He displays little of what might be considered genuine faith, and is quite flexible in his willingness to baptize and marry people with little regard for the spiritual suitability of the participants. In his focus on the outward forms of religio...

Hydrogen and nitrogen react to form ammonia. The relevant chemical equation can be written as: `N_2 + 3H_2 -> 2NH_3` Here 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to form 2 moles of ammonia.  In the first case, excess nitrogen is present. Using stoichiometry, 2 moles ammonia requires 3 moles hydrogen, 1 mole of ammonia will require 3/2 moles of hydrogen and 10 moles of ammonia will require 3/2 x 10 = 15 moles of hydrogen. The molar mass of hydrogen is 2 g. Thus, 15 moles x 2 g/mole = 30 g of hydrogen is required to make 10 moles of ammonia. Molar mass of nitrogen is 28 g and thus, 56 g of nitrogen contains 56 g / 28 (g/mole) =  2 moles. Using the well balanced chemical equation for formation of ammonia, 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen and thus, 2 moles of nitrogen will react with 2 x 3 = 6 moles of hydrogen . Hope this helps. 

Giovanni Guasconti has moved to northern Italy in order to attend classes at the University of Padua, though he is originally from the southern part of the country. It sounds as though he finds the north somewhat dreary in comparison to his home. First, the climate is very different: the sun does not seem to shine as brightly in his eyes. Second, Giovanni clearly misses his home, and this is the first time he has ever really been away. Third, he recollects that a member of the family to whom the armorial crest above the door to his building once belonged was mentioned in Dante's Inferno , adding to the dismal mood of this place. Finally, the narrator describes Giovanni's apartment as "desolate and ill-furnished," unlike his home. Therefore, he has a number of reasons for which to sigh.

The electron cloud model was designed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 with the help of Werner Heisenburg. These two physicists set out to solve a complicated problem that arose when trying to model atoms and make calculations based on electron positioning. The problem was that electrons moved incredibly fast, not in a fixed orbit but also in between energy levels, making it impossible to know exactly where the electrons were in space relative to the nucleus. At that point, the most current model was the Bohr model, and that model did not account for the movement of electrons between orbitals and was only two dimensional. While finding the exact position of an electron at any given time is impossible, Schrödinger realized that he could figure the probability of an electron being at a certain place in a given atom. Using these probabilities, he developed the electron cloud model which gave a three dimensional prediction of the location of electrons in an atom. The electron cloud model is di...

The answer to this question can be found at the very beginning of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer . In Chapter 1, Aunt Polly says the thing Tom hates more than anything else is work. Tom Sawyer is a young boy of about 12 years of age. His parents are both dead and he lives with his Aunt Polly, who is his mother’s sister. At the beginning of the book, we see Aunt Polly looking for Tom. We do not know exactly what she wanted from him, but we find out that Tom has been hiding in a closet, apparently eating jam that Aunt Polly told him not to eat. She is about to whip him with a switch when he tricks her and is able to run away. After this happens, Aunt Polly thinks to herself about how she needs to try to discipline Tom more effectively. She worries he will not learn how to be a responsible adult. She resolves to catch him the next day and make him work. As she says, "I'll just be obleeged to make him work, to-morrow, to punish him. It's mighty hard to make him work...

The article attempts to think through the original purpose of the Fifth Amendment and argues for an interpretation that emphasizes the notion of compulsion rather than the issue of self-incrimination.  The most important historical point that the authors make is that the Fifth Amendment was written in a period in which many countries used torture to elicit confessions. Even more importantly, much of European law was based on Roman Law, in which the testimony of slaves was considered invalid unless they were tortured. The authors thus suggest that we should read the word "compelled" as a key to understanding the purpose of the amendment. The point they make is that it was designed to prevent any form of compulsion. This is especially relevant in cases where confessions may, even now, be elicited by threats or other marginally unethical interrogation techniques, or even by police brutality. The authors also argue that part of how we should think about the Fifth Amendment is in ...

At the beginning of the novella, old Major gives an impassioned speech persuading the animals on Manor Farm to revolt against Mr. Jones. Old Major begins his speech by speaking about the nature of life on the farm. Old Major tells the animals that their lives are miserable, laborious, and short. He mentions that they are given just enough food to survive, worked until they can no longer stand, and are slaughtered the second that they cannot contribute to the farm. The nature of life on the farm for the animals is bleak, unfulfilling, and tragic. Old Major also tells the animals that none of them knows what it's like to be happy or have leisure time. He proceeds to explain how Man is the cause of their misery and slavery.

When the Mayflower reached the shores of New England, there were two competing factions on the boat: the religious separatists that are today known as Pilgrims, and merchants that traveled to America to make a profit. Both sides realized the importance of forming a pact that would make the transition to this new world less chaotic. They agreed to create a document that would establish a government system to protect against the potential anarchy that could ensue. This document is called the Mayflower Compact. Some principles from the document had an influence on future governments in the United States. One of the more important concepts is the idea of a government based on the rule of the people . This is different than the monarchies that existed in Europe at the time. The document established a democracy in American and the right of male citizens to vote . In this democratic framework, citizens would make laws that would be equal and just. In essence, the Mayflower Compact acted as...

I would say Lady Macbeth is not typical of the women of her era, as most would not encourage their husbands to murder as a means to career advancement. She is more ruthlessly ambitious than most. Most men and women in the Renaissance would be especially reluctant to murder a king, God's anointed ruler. That being said, Lady Macbeth is typical of the women of her era and reflects the time the play was written in several ways. First, she is dependent on her husband for status. She cannot build a career or move up the ladder on her own: she advances in rank and prestige only as her husband does. So she does have every incentive to push his career forward. Related to this, she takes on the typical female role of supporter of her husband, while he is the main actor. She may help to devise a plot to murder Duncan, and provide words of strong and harsh encouragement, but like most women of the era, she expects her husband to do the main deed.  Lady Macbeth has also internalized the stereo...

Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is often regarded as one of the earliest major feminist novels because it gives voice and opportunity to a woman in the patriarchal society of the Victorian Era. In nineteenth century England, women were regarded as commodities with little subjectivity.  This caused marriages to be perceived as transactions instead of unions, and women were often stripped of individuality and power when under their male counterparts.  Thus, when the climax of the novel arrives with Jane’s decision to not accept St. John Rivers’ proposal, Jane demonstrates female autonomy that is a crucial element to the novel’s feminist stance.   Jane perceives her proposed marriage with St. John as a “sacrifice” on her behalf.  She states, “If I do go with him—if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the alter—heart, vitals, the entire victim” (Brontë 466).  The figurative language of this quote aligns her marriage to St. John as an actual “killi...