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Discuss the Egyptian independence movement.

Egypt's independence from Great Britain was a very long process. After World War II, the Egyptian aristocracy demanded independence from Great Britain in 1919. In 1922, Britain responded by granting conditional independence and constructing a constitutional monarchy in Egypt.  England still had a great deal of political influence over Egypt, particularly in how Egypt dealt with other countries. The British also maintained a standing army in Egypt, especially near the Suez Canal.


In the early 1950's, the Egyptians achieved full independence. A military coup (1952), led by Colonel Gamel Abdel Nasser, toppled the monarchy. The British and French responded by sending troops to launch an attack on Nasser. The United States and the Soviet Union both condemned these attacks and exerted pressure to end the military conflict.


After this event, which is called The Suez Canal Crisis (October, 1956,) Nasser emerged as a very powerful presence in the Middle East. As the new president of Egypt, he began a movement in the Arab world that called for unity among the various Arab nations. This movement came to be called Pan-Arabism. Nasser felt that the Arab world should share the wealth of oil to make all of the countries better. This view was not shared by the wealthy Arab states as you can imagine.

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