Chaucer shares specific physical characteristics about the Pardoner that actually provide a great deal of insight into his character. In the medieval period, many people were believers in the concept of physiognomy, which was supposed to allow people to judge human nature based on physical features--in other words, you could judge a book by its cover. Almost all of the qualities that are mentioned by Chaucer paint a picture of the Pardoner as an emasculated character. His "hair as yellow as wax, hanging down smoothly like a hank of flax," sounds more like a description of a female's hair style. The description of his small, goat-like voice is also emphasizing his lack of male characteristics because it suggests that the Pardoner's voice has not/will not change to a lower register. Chaucer the narrator labels him as a "gelding, or a mare," suggesting that the Pardoner either was born with defective sexual organs or had undergone castration. Considering that some members of medieval boys' choirs were willing to be castrated to keep their voices pure-toned and unchanged, this reference would have been clear to the original audience. Continuing in that frame of reference, the Pardoner also lacks facial hair--"no beard had harboured, nor would harbour, smoother than ever chin was left by barber"--another reference in support of the Pardoner's inability to go through puberty. In addition to his characteristics that lead to a questioning of his masculinity, Chaucer also mentions that the Pardoner has "bulging eye-balls, like a hare."
Does anybody know the etymology of the phrase "sweet dreams"? I tried googling but did not find anything satisfying. Is this a relatively new phrase of the modern world or has this been in use for some time? I think it's the latter one. Answer The OED has the interjection as "a farewell to someone going to bed" from the 20th century: 1908 Sears Roebuck Catal. 198/1 Tenor Solos..Good Bye, Sweet Dreams, Good Bye. But it goes back until at least the 19th and possibly 18th centuries. John Wolcot, writing under the pseudonym of Peter Pindar, used it in his poem "Orson and Ellen; A Legendary Tale" published in 1801: Also from 1801 in The infernal Quixote (Page 287) by Charles Lucas: In the March 1776 of The Universal Magazine was published "The Serenade. A Pastoral Tale. From the German of Gesner" , where the shepherd Daphnis watches over his beloved as she sleeps and sings: The same tale appears in 1776's as Idyl XI, " Daphnis ...
Comments
Post a Comment