Notes

In the story, Judge J. J. Ford's full name is Judge Josie-Jo Ford. As the story begins, she is forty-two years old. She was educated at Columbia University and received her law degree from Harvard University. Before serving as a family court and state supreme court judge, Judge J.J. Ford was an assistant district attorney. During her childhood, Judge J.J. Ford's mother worked as a servant in the Westing household, while her father worked there as a gardener on his days off from the railroad. According to Judge Ford, she did not see much of Mrs. Westing during her younger years, and she was never allowed to play with Violet Westing. She does remember playing chess with Sam Westing; he usually beat her at the game. When she was twelve years old, the judge was sent to boarding school; accordingly, it would be many years before she would set foot in the Westing household again. Judge Ford maintains that Sam Westing paid for her education and probably arranged for her to have her fi...

European colonization and expansion meant that wars could truly become global events now.  Nationalistic rivalry between Britain and France led to over 150 years of nearly non-stop war between 1650 and 1815.  Not only did the wars involve people who lived in the two nations, but it also involved native groups allied with those countries and colonial subjects.  These large-scale wars were not cheap to fight, so Britain and France had to improve their abilities to tax their subjects.  Britain lost its American colonies due to its inability to tax them fairly and the French monarchy was deposed due to its unfair tax burden on the peasantry.   European colonization would also play a role in both world wars of the twentieth century as well.  Economic and nationalistic rivalries in Europe stemming from colonization helped to drive the tensions that created WWI.  In WWII Japan sought to end European colonization in Asia by making themselves the major regional power in Asia--this was one of th...

In C hapter 8 , Boo Radley gives Scout a blanket during the night of Miss Maudie's house fire. Scout and Jem are standing in front of the Radley home, which is right across the street from Miss Maudie's house. Atticus tells them to stay there so he can see them and help with the fire at the same time, if need be. The children are watching the fire with such great interest and concern that Scout doesn't even notice when she receives the blanket. It isn't until Atticus notices the blanket afterwards in their kitchen that Jem figures out what happens. Jem tells Atticus that they didn't move an inch from where he told them to stand during the fire. When Jem realizes what happened, he says the following to Scout: "Boo Radley. You were so busy looking at the fire you didn't know it when he put the blanket around you" ( 72 ). Scout's stomach jumps at this realization. There is no other point in the text that explicitly, or implicitly, says anything else a...

I can think of quite a few "A" words that would describe Maniac Magee.  Awesome, athletic, able, alienated, and altruistic.   Maniac is definitely an able bodied athlete.  Early in the story he catches a football one handed then punts it directly back into the hands of the quarterback.   When the kid got down to the soccer field, he turned and punted the ball. It sailed back over the up-looking gym classers, spiraling more perfectly than anything Brian Denehy had ever thrown, and landed in the outstretched hands of still stunned Hands Down. Then the kid ran off. There was one other thing, something that all of them saw but no one believed until they compared notes after school that day: up until the punt, the kid had done everything with one hand. He had to, because in his other hand was a book. Maniac continues his athletic prowess by hitting every single pitch that John McNab can throw.  He even successfully bunted the frog ball that McNab threw.  Maniac then managed to mak...

Minnijean desires to sing on stage at Central High because she believes that her fellow white students would be more accepting of her if they could hear her perform. In the story, Minnijean, like her other eight black classmates, increasingly feels isolated from the larger school community. While some of her black peers are resigned to this state of affairs, Minnijean wants to do something different. She thinks that performing on stage at school events would greatly alter the current stalemate in race relations within Central High. Despite Melba's advice, Minnijean pushes to be included in school events. However, the more she fights for the right to sing in front of the white students, the more her efforts are reviled by the larger white student community. In the end, her eight black peers decide that they have no choice but to accept that Minnijean's efforts represent the only way she can cope with rejection and isolation.

The formidable amount of stress caused in war makes it difficult to remember details from wartime experiences correctly. In no way would the inability to fully recall all wartime experiences correctly indict the person who has suffered through war.  However, it is clear that the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that war triggers impacts the memory of the individual.  In a study on the topic, Dr. Kristin Samuelson from the California School of Professional Psychology concluded that "Memory dysfunction" is a significant result of PTSD.  She argues that the "trauma exposure" intrinsic to war creates "Memory disturbances" that "are predominant in the presentation of post-traumatic stress disorder."  The mind that emerges from war must experience a tremendous amount of processing to make sense of what happened. This processing takes place on multiple emotional and psychological levels, and can impact recollections from memory.  Making sense of su...

In Fahrenheit 451 , Clarisse McClellan is utterly disinterested in technology . She explains this to Montag when they first meet: "I rarely watch the parlour walls or go to races or Fun Parks." For Clarisse, life is about smelling the rain and collecting butterflies, not about spending time driving too fast or watching the family. Even at school, she finds that activities like "TV class" and "transcription history" are utterly pointless since they do not encourage students to think or ask questions: "They run us so ragged by the end of the day we can't do anything but go to bed or head for a Fun Park to bully people around." Because she is so disinterested in the technology which is available to her, she has been cast out by her society: she is under surveillance, for example, and is forced to see a psychiatrist. Labelled as "anti-social," Clarisse provides the impetus for Montag's rebellion but tragically loses her life, probab...

The most important muscle of the neck is the trapezius, which runs all the way down the back and is responsible for lifting and holding up the weight of the head. This is by far the strongest neck muscle, as well as the one that people are most likely to strain or injure. Other important neck muscles include the platysma, which is on the front of the neck and is responsible for pulling the head forward and downward, and the sternocleidomastoid, which twists along the side of the neck and is responsible for flexing and rotating the neck. There are several other minor muscles in the neck as well, and considerable redundancy in terms of any given motion; of particular note: the levator scapulae (as its Latin name implies) is responsible for holding up the shoulder blades, the splenius lies under the trapezius and supports it in pulling the head back, and the infrahyoid muscles lie under the hyoid bone and move it during swallowing and speech.

`lim_(x->oo) (int_1^x ln(e^(4t-1)) dt )/ x` = `lim_(x->oo) (int_1^x (4t-1) dt )/ x` = `lim_(x->oo) ( [4(t^2)/2-t]_1^x )/ x` = `lim_(x->oo) ( [2x^2 -x]-[2(1^2)-1] )/ x` = ` lim_(x->oo) ( [2x^2 -x]-[2-1] ) /x` = `lim_(x->oo) ( [2x^2 -x-1 ]) /x` = `lim_(x->oo) [2x -1-1/x ]` upon plugging the value of `x = oo` , then we get `lim_(x->oo) [2x -1-1/x ]` = `[2(oo) -1-1/(oo) ]` = `2(oo) -1 -0` = ` oo`

No, "Out Of Bounds At All Times And No Exceptions" is not an allegory to talk about the father's absolute power.  However, I find your question to be quite ironic because I think you used the word "father's" instead of "Führer's."  In fact, both Bruno's father and the Führer have "absolute power": Bruno's father has power in the home and the Führer (Hitler) has power in Germany and Europe.   The problem with your question is about the word "allegory."  An allegory is a story that has a hidden meaning.  A phrase would never be described as a full allegory; however, "Out Of Bounds At All Times And No Exceptions" is the title of Chapter Five and the evidence that the Nazi commandant wants his son to have nothing to do with the prisoners at Auschwitz.   Originally, "Out Of Bounds At All Times And No Exceptions" really has to do with Bruno's father's office: Father returned to his office which ...

Feudalism was a very rigid and stratified economic and social class system that existed in medieval Europe.  Essentially it was a system where land ownership was the currency.  A manor lord would grant fiefs, or tracts of land, to a nobleman in exchange for military service.  This nobleman was titled as a knight.  The majority of the population was bound to agricultural service to the land as a serf.  Everybody was expected to swear allegiance to the king.  As time went on, the tracts of land were divided up among noblemen to the extent that a very confusing system of allegiances developed in Europe.  The practice of feudalism discouraged trade and nation building.  Within this system, knights were to swear an oath of chivalry.  This oath was focused on loyalty to the king and the Roman Catholic Church.  It was a way of ensuring that the knights, who were known to be brilliant warriors, also acted with discretion and morality.  

Initially, Darry and Pony's relationship is confrontational, but they end up working out their differences by the end of the novel.  Ponyboy is Darry's younger brother. Ponyboy believes that Darry doesn't care about him, and tries to avoid his older brother. Ponyboy views Darry with contempt and thinks Darry is too hard on him. He favors Sodapop over Darry and doesn't appreciate that Darry continually bosses him around. Darry views Ponyboy as a naive adolescent who doesn't use his head. Darry is worried about his brother's well-being and tends to overreact when Ponyboy makes bad decisions. Darry was forced to care for his brothers after their parents died in a car accident and has no prior experience performing the role of primary caregiver. Instead of listening to Ponyboy and treating him with compassion, Darry openly expresses his anger towards his youngest brother. Ponyboy resents the fact that Darry slapped him and ends up running away. Sodapop is the mediat...

"The Tiger in the Tunnel" is an inspirational story because eventually, and against all odds, Tembu takes over from his father’s previous job in order to take care of the family. The young boy is not intimidated by the situation and does not abandon his duty to the family. He steps in confidently into Baldeo’s shoes. This shows courage and resilience in likeness to his father. Baldeo’s courage and reaction to the tiger is also another source of inspiration. After hearing the movements of the tiger, he was worried for his son’s safety. Nevertheless, he was ready to defend him as he slept. He embodied the true character of a father, ever willing and ready to defend his family from any and all threats. On the other hand, when the tiger approached him, he stood his ground and refused to die a coward. He made a conscious decision to face the beast and fight for his life.

There are several characters throughout the novel that aid Montag in his search to find meaning in life and engage in intellectual pursuits. However, I feel that Faber is Montag's greatest ally because he explains why books are important and willingly risks his safety to help Montag challenge the authoritative regime. When Montag visits Faber's home for the first time, Faber gives Montag insight into the importance of literature and allows him to take a two-way communication device. From the safety of his home, Faber gives Montag advice via the green bullet. After Montag kills Captain Beatty, Faber offers Montag refuge in his home while the authorities search for him. Faber also helps Montag flee the Hound and tells him where to find a group of traveling intellectuals. Faber's advice and selfless support make him Montag's greatest ally throughout the novel.

The meaning of this short passage from Act II, Scene 5, of Twelfth Night  is that of an encouragement to Malvolio that he strive to attain the love of Olivia. In the previous scene which is part of the comedy and sub-plot, Maria hatches a scheme to wreak revenge upon Malvolio's Puritan personality by exploiting his desire for Olivia. As part of this scheme, she forges a letter that Malvolio believes is from Olivia; in it there is the suggestion that Olivia may be in love with him. This letter is dropped on the garden path so Malvolio will see it. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, who conspire with Maria, hide in the shrubbery so that they can observe and overhear Malvolio. As he approaches, Malvolio talks to himself, uttering the name of Olivia as though he is fantasizing about her. When he sees the letter lying on the garden path, Malvolio picks it up, believing it is from Olivia because Maria has sealed it with Olivia's sealing ring. To the delight of the hiding men, Malvolio reads th...

Those who know while in high school how the rest of their lives will develop are possibly fortunate. There may be some comfort in knowing exactly what one will be doing ten or twenty years down the road. For most of us however, we are not so gifted with certainty with regard to our futures. We enroll in colleges and universities with the expectation and the hope of being inspired by some academic discipline. Then we will be able to begin to shape our future accordingly. And if we do not know what the future holds, then we do not know what types of knowledge we will or will not require during the course of the next 50 years.  The question asked routinely among high school students -- why do I have to take algebra -- has been around for many decades, if not longer. There are two main reasons why it is important for students to study algebra. The first is the uncertainty regarding our future. Many students who attend college do not know what they want to study during their freshman and th...

There were a number of factors that contributed to the United States emerging as a world power in the early 1900's.  Industrialism and manufacturing are very important to American international prestige and power. The United States had a vast variety and quantity of natural resources that allowed successful industry to take root in the Northeast.  Due to a relaxed immigration policy, the fulfilling the labor needs of a growing industrial and urban economy was not an issue.  Industrialism created wealth and allowed for the establishment of a technologically sound military instrument.  The United States was also establishing itself as a world power because of its expansion.  Having reached the West coast through expansion, America looked outside of the continental United States to exert its power and utilize resources of foreign peoples.  The victory in the Spanish-American War, and later in the Philippine-American War allowed the United States to expand into the Pacific and the Cari...

The decision by the United States to not ratify the Treaty of Versailles led to problems in the world that eventually created tensions. The United States didn’t ratify the Versailles Treaty because some United States Senators were concerned that we might have to get involved in conflicts that weren’t in our best interests. This was required by the charter of the League of Nations which was part of the Versailles Treaty. They asked President Wilson to accept amendments to the charter of the League of Nations which would exempt us from having to get involved in any actions recommended by the League of Nations if we felt these actions weren't in our best interests.  When President Wilson refused to do this, the Senate didn’t ratify the Versailles Treaty. Since we didn’t ratify the Versailles Treaty, we also didn’t join the League of Nations. The League of Nations was created to help prevent conflicts from arising. There were many issues with the League of Nations. One issue was that i...

The little boy named Johnny Dorset, who calls himself Red Chief, is delighted with being kidnapped because it lets him escape from the discipline and chores of home, if any; because it gets him out of school; because it lets him live in the outdoors like a real Indian; and because it seems like the supreme adventure of his life. He relates well to Bill and Sam. He has never known any adults who behaved in such an antisocial way. They become, in his eyes, like Indians themselves. Being outlaws, the two men have relinquished whatever dignity and authority they might have had as respectable adult citizens. Red Chief treats Sam as an equal and Bill as a subordinate. The kidnappers' biggest problem is not keeping their captive in their custody, but in getting rid of him. They have a tiger by the tail.  “Red Chief,” says I to the kid, “would you like to go home?” “Aw, what for?” says he. “I don’t have any fun at home. I hate to go to school. I like to camp out. You won’t take me back hom...

I believe that this question is meant to be asked during a person's first read of the book. It's tough for me to answer it completely truthfully because I know what is happening to the construction site. It's also an opinion-based question, so you can feel free to state your opinion about what you think is happening to the construction site.   The construction site in question is the future site of a new pancake house restaurant. Construction crews keep being delayed because the survey stakes keep being pulled up during the nights. Other oddities that are happening at the site are things like baby alligators being found in the outhouses and vehicle tires being flat.   When I read the book the first time, I suspected teenagers of some kind. The above things just sound like things bored teenagers would do together. Admittedly, the alligator thing is very odd, but kicking over survey markers and slashing tires sounds like angst-filled teenagers to me. The book provides a likel...

There is a popular legend that the king of Denmark, Christian X wore a yellow Star of David badge to demonstrate his support of the Jews in his country. While this is probably the material of legend, the story demonstrates the staunch support that the Danish-Jewish population enjoyed during the reign of Christian. Unlike other western European countries, the Danes passed laws to protect the property of the Jews. The government did not require registration of assets by the Jews and did not require Jews to forfeit their property rights. Jews also were not asked to carry identification papers or wear anything that would distinguish themselves from the rest of the population. The police in Denmark were also used to protect synagogues and Jewish property. When orders came from Hitler to deport the Jews in 1943, the task was made nearly impossible by an organized resistance movement in Denmark.

In A Christmas Carol , Tiny Tim was the young son of Mr. and Mrs. Cratchit.  The boy was crippled, so "he bore a little crutch, and had his limbs supported by an iron frame."  He was small in stature.  Bob Cratchit described his son as being "'good as gold.'"  When he went to church with his father on Christmas Eve, Tiny Tim stated that he hoped people would see his disability and remember that Jesus healed the "'lame beggars.'"  Bob stated that despite his crippled leg, his son "'was growing strong and hearty.'" The boy often sat alone in a chair and pondered things in life.  Despite his struggles, Tiny Tim had a positive spirit.  Small things made him happy.  He was close to his father, who sometimes carried the boy around on his shoulder.  He was "'patient and... mild.'"   Later, Ebenezer Scrooge became like a "second father" to Tiny Tim.  Scrooge was drawn to the boy's sweet spirit and w...

When the sun's energy strikes the earth, plants can capture some through the process of photosynthesis. Plants are then eaten by first level consumers (herbivores). By definition, a second level consumer is a carnivore--an animal that consumes these herbivores. In this way, the sun's energy is accessed by the second level consumers. Autotrophs (plants, producers) have the ability to capture the energy of the sun--virtually all life on earth is dependent on the ability of plants to photosynthesize. This is the process performed in plants that takes carbon dioxide and water, and with the energy of the sun transforms them into sugar and oxygen. The sugar that is a product of photosynthesis contains chemical energy. The plant itself uses some of this energy. Some is transferred to the animal that consumes the plant. The transfer is only about 10% efficient; that is, the animal can only obtain about 10% of the energy available in the plant. The rest is lost as heat. This 10% efficie...

In Langston Hughes short story “Thank You, M’am,” Mrs. Jones reacts immediately and physically when Roger attempts to steal her purse. When Roger is stymied by the weight of the pocketbook, he falls to the ground. After he hits the ground, Mrs. Jones gives him a swift kick in his bottom. But the boy’s weight and the weight of the purse combined caused him to lose his balance so, instead of taking off full blast as he had hoped, the boy fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. the large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. She picks him up by the collar, gives him a good shaking, before ordering him to pick up her purse and hand it to her. While she is holding him by the collar, he decides to run so she places him in a “half-nelson” hold as she drags him back to her rooming house. As they struggle back to the room, Mrs. Jones questions the boy in order to determine why someone his age is out alone on the streets at eleven o’clo...

You are speaking about the chapters entitled “A Friend of the Family” and “Spinning Wheels, Seeking Traction.”  During chapter 16 (called “A Friend of the Family”) the narrator is questioning Siekevitz and Morrell as they eat at a restaurant and trying to gain access to Regine Mauger (the gossip columnist of the Herald-Star ), who could possibly provide ample information about the case.  Everyone admits that they continually come into the situation “from the outside.”  They have quite a conversation about refugees and deportation (and the use of police dogs).  Finally, the narrator admits the interest in Señora Mercedes who was found “lying in the road Tuesday night” and who died a while later.  The narrator is mocked as a result of this interest.  The focus then shifts to finding Aguinaldo’s body as they drive away from the restaurant, and the narrator is asked to contact Aisha’s family for more information.  The chapter entitled “Spinning Wheels, Seeking Traction” begins with the nar...

The only connection Jerry has to these boys comes from the fact that he was swimming at their regular beach.  When his mother went off to the touristy beach that she and Jerry used to both visit on earlier vacations, Jerry went to the "wild bay" where some older, local boys shortly came to play.  They were old enough that they seemed like men to Jerry, and he ardently wished to be accepted by them.  When they began to swim through the tunnel in the rock, he panicked that he could no longer keep up (and thus fit in) with them, and he began to clown around in a feeble and childish attempt to retain their attention.  After seeing this behavior, the boys left him behind and went away, wounding his pride and causing him to cry.  This experience prompted Jerry to spend the remainder of his vacation training to swim through the tunnel that the boys had already conquered.

Despite a great deal of social upheaval and a number of serious political and economic issues, the United States did not descend into civil war or division after the American Revolution. When we look at other revolutions around the world, including the French, we can see how significant this is. While many historians credit the stability imposed by the counter-revolution that was the U.S. Constitution, it is also true that the Articles of Confederation, as a limited form of government, provided perhaps the greatest degree of national unity that was conceivable in the immediate aftermath of independence. It established a framework for more unified government even as it proved inadequate to deal with the challenges the nation faced in the so-called "critical period." The government under the Articles was successful in providing for western expansion, a crucial issue at the time. The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for the parceling of land in the Northwest Territory, enabling t...

To evaluate the series `sum_(n=2)^oo ln(n)/n^3` , we may apply Direct Comparison test . Direct Comparison test is applicable when `sum a_n` and `sum b_n` are both positive series for all `n` where `a_n lt=b_n` . If `sum b_n` converges then `sum a_n` converges. If `sum a_n ` diverges so does the `sum b_n` diverges. Let `b_n=1/n^2` and `a_n =ln(n)/n^3`   It follows that `a_n < b_n` Graph:  Note: `f(x) =1/x^2` for red graph and `g(x)=ln(x)/x^3 ` for green graph. Apply the p-series test where `kgt0` : the `sum_(n=k)^oo 1/n^p` is convergent if `pgt1` and divergent if `plt=1` . For the `sum_(n=2)^oo 1/n^2` , we have the corresponding value `p=2` . It satisfies the condition `pgt1` since `2gt1` .Therefore, the series `sum_(n=2)^oo 1/n^2` converges. Conclusion: Because `a_n < b_n` and `sum b_n` converges, then `sum a_n = sum_(n=2)^oo lnn/n^3` converges

Enzo was alone and locked in the house by accident. Because she was so ill, Eve neglected to think about Enzo's welfare when she left the house with Zoe (her daughter). According to the text, Eve had awoken the morning of Denny's race with a terrible headache. She had vomited profusely into the sink and complained of pressure against her skull. Panicked at this new development in her illness, Eve had then packed a bag with clothes for herself and Zoe before leaving for her parents' home. For his part, Enzo understood why Eve forgot all about him. He reasoned that Eve's illness had affected her judgment. To survive, Enzo drank water from the toilet bowl and nibbled on stray scraps of food around the house. Because he could not leave the house, Enzo carefully made sure that he only urinated and defecated on the mat by the back door. After three days and two nights, Denny returned home. Although he was furious when he found Enzo alone, Denny eventually came to realize how ...

Karl Mannheim (1893-1947) was very critical of positivism because he thought it provided no room for theory and ignored the role of interpretation and understanding by concentrating only on material reality. The task of the sociology of knowledge was to understand how people think--not in textbooks or according to rules of logic--but how they really think in public life by understanding the social origins of these modes of thought. He wrote in  Ideology And Utopia: An Introduction To The Sociology Of Knowledge : "The principal thesis of the sociology of knowledge is that there are modes of thought which cannot be adequately understood as long as their social origins are obscure" (2). In other words, he sought to understand where people's ways of thinking came from, and he believed individuals use an "inherited situation of thought" and then adapt this way of thinking to the situation at hand. This means that cultures create different types of frameworks by which...

The hierarchy of Shakespeare’s time starts at the top with Queen Elizabeth herself (followed at her death with James I); after her, the other members of the royalty.  Because she had no children, the next social layer consisted of dukes, earls, etc.  Next on the social ladder were the merchants of commerce, followed by the landowners (many of whom gained their land by performing in England’s battles) and ranking military; then came the educated (anyone who could read Latin, for instance, was exempt from the death penalty), including the students at the Inns of Court; then local members of guilds, such as ironmongers, vintners, and goldsmiths; below them were the common workers, who made up much of what were called “the groundlings” in Shakespeare’s theatre audiences.  As for gender social order, women had little political strength but fairly hearty financial strength, as they were the organizers of the daily households. Visitors from other parts of Europe carried their social rank with...

In Chapter 11, TJ struggles to get back home after a brutal beating at RW and Melvin's hands. However, TJ isn't home for long when a mob descends upon his house, and a group of men forcibly drag him and his family out of their home. By all indications, the mob holds TJ responsible for the theft of the pearl-handed pistol from Jim Lee Barnett's store. To add to TJ's streak of bad luck, both RW and Melvin lie about seeing him with two other black men at Jim Lee's store. Of course, we know from the story that RW and Melvin tricked TJ into being an accomplice in the theft. Then, to protect themselves from scrutiny, both RW and Melvin join Kaleb and Thurston Wallace in brutalizing TJ and his family. So, how is TJ saved from being lynched? First, when the mob begins to drag TJ off to hang him, Mr. Jamison rushes forward to shield TJ with his body. Knowing that Mr. Jamison won't be able to hold off the mob for long, Stacey sends his siblings to get their father. Papa t...

While all of these answers have some validity, the most convincing answer is that the story "Zaabalawi" can be interpreted as answer A, a spiritual quest. The narrator is "afflicted by that illness for which no one possesses a remedy." He is "overcome with despair," so he goes in search of Sheikh Zaabalawi, a saint who takes away people's troubles.  Most people the narrator encounters are disinterested in finding Zaabalawi. The lawyer, named Sheikh Qamar, does not even recall the saint, as the lawyer lives a life of material luxury that occupies his mind. The shopkeeper, who sells books of theology and mysticism from the entrance of a dilapidated house that is filled with garbage, is too tired and careworn to search for the saint. The sheikh of the district approaches the task of finding the saint in a systematic way that deprives it of its spiritual quality. He says he has been too preoccupied with "the cares of the world" to think about the...

In the opening letters Leigh Botts writes to the author Mr. Henshaw in Beverly Cleary's Dr. Mr. Henshaw , we learn that Leigh first learned about Henshaw's book How To Amuse a Dog when his second-grade teacher read it to his class. In the third grade, Leigh reads it for himself and is so fond of the book that, for the next two school years, Leigh uses the book to fulfill class assignments, including making a diorama of the book in the fourth grade and writing a book report in the fifth grade. Since Leigh has not been reading anything other than How to Amuse a Dog , it is in the fifth grade that Leigh receives a letter from Mr. Henshaw suggesting that Leigh read a new book written by Mr. Henshaw, which is Moose on Toast . We learn that Mr. Henshaw suggested Leigh read a new book when, in his letter dated November 7, Leigh responds to Mr. Henshaw, saying, "I got your letter and did what you said. I read a different book by you. I read Moose on Toast ." Leigh says h...

Traditionally, those who are considered great in a standard sense leave tangible, physical legacies behind them. They win awards, people name things after them, people build monuments to them, and so on. In this poem, though, the great leave a different legacy behind them. Instead of being celebrated by crowds of people, their names are celebrated by "waving grass." The clouds celebrate them, as does the wind. In other words, the great leave no coarse or crude legacy. Instead, nature celebrates them, invisibly. These natural forces celebrate the great because of the superior quality of their spirits and their passions. Rather than focusing on money or winning battles, the great spent their lives fighting for life. That's a subtle thing, but a lovely one, yes?

Portia serves several purposes within Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice . First, as a wealthy heiress, Portia is the subject of Bassanio's affections... and the attentions of many other suitors. Despite being practically destitute, Bassanio manages to borrow enough money from Shylock, a Jewish lender, (using a friend, Antonio, as the guarantor for the bond) to pass himself off as a "suitable" suitor. Bassanio manages to win Portia's hand in marriage by correctly choosing a lead casket bearing the message, "Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath," in a challenge laid out by Portia's late father. Thus, Portia becomes Bassanio's wife. Second, Portia acts as a lawyer, disguising herself as the male "Balthazar," in order to defend Antonio from the bloodthirsty Shylock, who has come to seize his "pound of flesh" after Antonio has failed to repay the bond owed on behalf of Bassanio. Portia displays stunning intellect and...

Unipolar disorder , also called unipolar depression or major depressive disorder, is a single mood disorder in which individuals feel abnormally depressed for a period of at least two weeks. In contrast, those who suffer bipolar disorder will feel both highs and lows; they'll shift from feeling depressed to feeling euphoric, energetic, or manic. Both disorders are treated with biomedical therapy , meaning drug therapy, and types of psychotherapy . Since bipolar disorder is both a mood and a behavioral problem, medications are used to help stabilize a patient's mood while psychotherapy can be used to help a patient control his/her behavior and reduce symptoms. Drugs need to be used to control both manic and depressive moods . Lithium and some antipsychotic drugs can be used to treat both manic and bipolar depressive moods, but antidepressants may need to be used as well. The three psychotherapies that are effective for treating bipolar disorder are cognitive-behavioral t...

The early Christian philosopher St. Augustine once said, "It was pride that changed angels into devils; it is humility that makes men angels." Pride is also considered to be one of the seven deadly sins and this is probably what the narrator meant when he admitted that he displayed pridefulness toward his brother Doodle, although the word "sin" is never used. The narrator's pride will not allow him to admit that his brother is crippled and may never do the things which the narrator believes are important, such as running fast, swimming and boxing. The narrator, who is revealing the story in a flashback, openly admits his pride in the description of his feelings after he and Doodle show their parents that the boy can walk: They did not know that I did it for myself, that pride, whose slave I was, spoke to me louder than all their voices, and that Doodle walked only because I was ashamed of having a crippled brother.  Later, this pride gets the best of the narrato...

In Act 1 Scene 3 of Shakespeare’s Macbeth , the three witches reappear and encounter Macbeth and Banquo.  When prompting the witches to speak, Macbeth is extolled by the witches as they proclaim, “All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!” (I. iii. 50-51).  This proclamation startles Macbeth and he is rendered speechless as noted by Banquo: Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair?  (to the  WITCHES )  I' th' name of truth, Are ye fantastical, or that indeed Which outwardly ye show? My noble partner You greet with present grace and great prediction Of noble having and of royal hope, That he seems rapt withal.  (I. iii. 52-58).  Banquo’s address reveals that Macbeth is apprehensive and shocked by the witches’ address of “thane of Cawdor” and “king hereafter.” This is in part due to the fact that the thane of Cawdor is still living at the time, as expressed by Macbeth: By Sinel’s death I kn...

Arc length of a curve C described by the parametric equations x=f(t) and y=g(t), `a<=t<=b` where f' and g' are continuous on [a,b] and C is traversed exactly once as t increases from a to b, then the length of the curve is given by, `L=int_a^bsqrt((dx/dt)^2+(dy/dt)^2)dt` We are given:`x=arcsin(t),y=ln(sqrt(1-t^2)), 0<=t<=1/2` `x=arcsin(t)` `dx/dt=1/sqrt(1-t^2)` `y=lnsqrt(1-t^2)` `dy/dt=1/sqrt(1-t^2)d/dt(sqrt(1-t^2))` `dy/dt=1/sqrt(1-t^2)(1/2)(1-t^2)^(1/2-1)(-2t)` `dy/dt=-t/(1-t^2)` Now let's evaluate arc length by using the stated formula, `L=int_0^(1/2)sqrt((1/sqrt(1-t^2))^2+(-t/(1-t^2))^2)dt` `L=int_0^(1/2)sqrt(1/(1-t^2)+t^2/(1-t^2)^2)dt` `L=int_0^(1/2)sqrt((1-t^2+t^2)/(1-t^2)^2)dt` `L=int_0^(1/2)sqrt(1/(1-t^2)^2)dt` `L=int_0^(1/2)1/(1-t^2)dt` `L=int_0^(1/2)1/((1+t)(1-t))dt` Using partial fractions integrand can be written as : `L=int_0^(1/2)1/2(1/(1+t)+1/(1-t))dt` Take the constant out and use the standard integral:`int1/xdx=ln|x|+C` `L=1/2int_0^(1/2)(1/(1+t)...

This play can teach its audience about the terrible lengths to which we will often go for love, for pride, or for power.  It isn't just about the teenagers who fall in love at first sight; although their story has value, too.  The play also focuses on the terrible, but human, behavior of the Capulets and Montagues in terms of their feud, a grudge that is so long-standing that no one even seems to discuss the disagreement with which it began.  For family pride then, the feud continues, and it is responsible, ultimately, for Tybalt's death, as well as the deaths of Mercutio, Paris, Romeo, and Juliet.  Were it not for the ridiculous and proud fight between the family patriarchs, Tybalt would not have felt dishonored by Romeo's presence at the party.  He would not have challenged Romeo, and thus Mercutio would not have become involved (which he does, also, for honor).  Romeo would not be banished for slaying Tybalt, he would not have killed Paris and Juliet's tomb, and the ...

Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African-American teenager from Chicago who was brutally murdered in Money, Mississippi, in August of 1955 when visiting relatives in the segregated south. Till allegedly flirted with a white woman in a store and was later murdered by the woman's husband and his brother, who beat and shot Till and deposited his body in a local river, where it was found three days later. Till's mother, Mamie Till Bradley, chose to display her mutilated son's body in an open casket in an emotional funeral service in Chicago that was attended by thousands of people. Mamie Till Bradley bravely made this decision to show the world how people had murdered her young son, who was also allegedly a bit developmentally disabled and who certainly did not understand race relations in the racially segregated town of Money, Mississippi (as Emmett Till had grown up in Chicago). Pictures of Till's mutilated body were shown in African-American publications such as Jet ,...

Adversity is defined as one or more unfortunate events, and in  A Separate Peace  by John Knowles, Gene faces a few of them. Since the novel is a bildungsroman, or a coming-of-age story, Gene must face some pretty serious issues in order to learn and grow. Three adverse incidents that help Gene to grow the most are when he breaks his best friend's leg, when he learns about Leper's mental breakdown, and when he has to convince Phineas of the truth. At the beginning of the story, Gene becomes very jealous and competitive towards Phineas. Because Gene is immature and competitive, he convinces himself that Phineas is immature and competitive as well. After a huge argument about their friendship in chapter 4, the two boys go to jump out of the tree into the river. This is when Gene purposefully jounces the limb, which throws Phineas to the ground and breaks his leg.  This tragic event forces Gene to face the ugliness and guilt inside of himself.  Taking responsibility for one's ...

When Candy overhears George telling Lennie about all of the things they will do with the ranch once they own it, the old swamper asks to get in on the deal. George is skeptical at first, but when Candy offers $350 towards the $600 that they need to buy it, the reality of owning the ranch becomes possible in his mind. George figures that at the end of the month he and Lennie will have $100; and with $450, he figures that the old couple that needs to sell might let them have it for the lower price until they can come up with the rest of the money. Candy and Lennie could start working the land, chickens, and sell eggs while George finds one more job to help with finalizing the payments. The plan seems realistic and logical; so, if a student were asked at this point to predict if the friends will achieve their dream or not, he or she might confidently say that they will. Unfortunately, trouble seems to follow Lennie and events beyond George's control prohibit them all from ever buying ...

In Chapter 3, Ralph and Jack argue about building shelters and hunting. Ralph tells Jack that Simon helps, but when they reach the shelters, Simon is nowhere to be found. Simon ends up wandering to a secluded clearing in the middle of the forest. This clearing is surrounded by hanging "creepers," aromatic bushes, and crossing trees. Butterflies dance around while the sunshine illuminates the isolated spot. Simon then makes himself comfortable as night falls. Golding's description of Simon's isolated area illustrates its beauty and serenity. Simon is different from the other boys, and because of this they think that he is weird. Simon feels more comfortable being alone and also enjoys nature. Simon travels into the secluded spot in the forest so that he can enjoy the peace and solitude of the forest. The clearing is a place where Simon can relax and appreciate nature. 

To apply  Root test  on a series `sum a_n` , we determine the limit as: `lim_(n-gtoo) root(n)(|a_n|)= L` or `lim_(n-gtoo) |a_n|^(1/n)= L` Then, we follow the conditions: a) `Llt1` then the series is  absolutely convergent . b) `Lgt1` then the series is  divergent . c) `L=1` or  does not exist   then the  test is inconclusive . The series may be divergent, conditionally convergent, or absolutely convergent. In order to apply  Root Test  in determining the convergence or divergence of the  series  `sum_(n=1)^oo ((2n)/(n+1))^n` , we let: `a_n =((n-2)/(5n+1))^n` We set-up the limit as:  `lim_(n-gtoo) |((n-2)/(5n+1))^n|^(1/n) =lim_(n-gtoo) (((n-2)/(5n+1))^n)^(1/n)` Apply the Law of Exponents:  `(x^n)^m= x^(n*m)` . `lim_(n-gtoo) (((n-2)/(5n+1))^n)^(1/n) =lim_(n-gtoo) ((n-2)/(5n+1))^(n*(1/n) )`                                  `=lim_(n-gtoo) ((n-2)/(5n+1))^(n/n )`                      `=lim_(n-gtoo) ((n-2)/(5n+1))^1`                     `=lim_(n-gtoo) (n-2)/(5n+1)` Evaluate the limit. `lim_(n...

Bilbo did not have much time to explain his plan to the dwarves. He formed the plan on the spur of the moment, taking advantage of the opportunity that presented itself when the Elvish chief guard and butler drank themselves into a stupor. Bilbo stole the chief guard's keys. Then he let all the dwarves out of their cells and gathered them at Thorin's cell. So it was only when they had already trusted him enough to leave their cells, and were all gathered together in the dungeon passageway, that he explained to them that he intended to pack them into barrels. They quickly went from being impressed at his resourcefulness to complaining about the plan. [Bilbo's] fears were quite justified, for they did not like it one bit, and started grumbling loudly in spite of their danger. "We shall be bruised and battered to pieces, and drowned too, for certain!" they muttered. "We though you had got some sensible notion, when you managed to get hold of the keys.  This is a...

In chemistry, molecules can be polar or nonpolar. Which of these they are depends on the overall structure that their component chemical bonds (between the atoms present in the molecule) form. Polar molecules, water being a notable example, have positive and negative 'ends' so that when molecules of that substance are physically close the molecules weakly attract each other much like polar magnets would.  Some chemicals, formed of component molecules, can have a polar end and nonpolar end. For example, soap, when agitated in water, forms chemical structures called micelles that have polar heads and nonpolar tails. The polar heads are water-loving (hydrophilic) and face outward towards the water environment, whereas the nonpolar tails are water - hating (hydrophobic) and huddle inward away from the water. Any greasy fats (lipids) that are in the water get shrouded by the micelles. This is because the fats are also hydrophobic so can escape from the water by joining the nonpolar ...

The Poisonwood Bible has much in common with such critiques of colonialism, but it also moves beyond them, incorporating some realities from the postcolonial age.  This is partly because it is based on the author's own experience. As she says in her Author's Note,  I was the fortunate child of medical and public-health workers, whose compassion and curiosity led them to the Congo. They brought me to a place of wonders, taught me to pay attention, and set me early on a path of exploring the great, shifting territory between righteousness and what's right. The Poisonwood Bible was exhaustively researched. In addition to travel and personal interviews, the author drew on many fiction and nonfiction works about colonial and postcolonial Africa, including Things Fall Apart . Her novel comes with a bibliography. It builds on the colonialism texts. What The Poisonwood Bible has in common with the two novels you mention is that it is a critique of colonialism that nevertheless r...

Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-American activist who advocated for the rights of people of African descent around the world, especially in Jamaica and the United States. While he remained in Jamaica for most of his life, he is most known in the United States for his political activities in Harlem, the predominately black neighborhood in New York that had become a major hub of African-American culture by World War I. He advocated what many historians have called "black separatism," claiming that African-Americans needed to cultivate their own economic, social, and even political institutions. He even promoted what he called the "Back to Africa" movement that offered a chance for African-Americans frustrated with the racism endemic in American society to emigrate to destinations in West Africa. A businessman, he created the Black Star Line, a shipping line that would have offered its services to such people. The organization most closely associated with Garvey was the U...

Because of the way he has been brought up, Walter Cunningham won't take any lunch money from Miss Caroline. As Scout explains in the book, Walter is a Cunningham, and in Maycomb, the Cunninghams are known to be a poor but proud family. A Cunningham will refuse a gift he cannot readily repay. "...The Cunninghams never took anything they can’t pay back—no church baskets and no scrip stamps. They never took anything off of anybody, they get along on what they have. They don’t have much, but they get along on it." So, despite not having any lunch, Walter refuses to take the lunch money offered by Miss Caroline. Scout explains to Miss Caroline that Walter will never have the money to repay her, and since she can't use any "stovewood," forcing Walter to take the money would be wrong. In regards to the "stovewood," Scout is referring to the way the Cunninghams usually pay for any services or products. Scout recalls a time when Walter's father had some...

A high summer flood is responsible for placing Rikki-tikki into the care and household of Teddy's family.  Paragraph three of the story tells readers that a summer flood washed Rikki-tikki out of the burrow that he lived in with his family. Rikki-tikki almost dies in the flood and survives only by clinging to small floating pieces of grass. The floodwaters carry Rikki-tikki into the middle of the people's garden. He is discovered by young Teddy, who thinks Rikki-tikki is dead. Teddy goes so far as to want to have a funeral for the mongoose, but Teddy's parents decide to try and revive Rikki-tikki. Fortunately, Rikki-tikki regains consciousness and makes himself an immediate part of the family.   He looked at the cotton wool, decided that it was not good to eat, ran all round the table, sat up and put his fur in order, scratched himself, and jumped on the small boy's shoulder. Rikki-tikki curiously explores the house, and he decides to stay for a bit.   "There are m...

Blank verse is another term for unrhymed iambic pentameter, the very specific format Shakespeare used in most of his plays and nearly all of his sonnets. While Shakespeare also used rhyming verse and prose format in some of his plays occasionally, the overwhelming content of his dramatic writing is in this form. This famous speech in As You Like It  is delivered by Jacques, an older man who is something of a fool but also a mentor figure. The speech describes the stages of a man's life, and is meant to be a moment of teaching and entertainment for those present, but also is constructed to stand alone as a memorable and self-contained monologue that has more general appeal. This kind of passage, which fulfills a dramatic purpose but is also a somewhat philosophical exploration in its own right, and which has a more general context beyond the specific one of the scene in which it occurs, is found throughout Shakespeare's plays. A similar example, also in iambic pentameter, might ...

Jack is a tyrannical maniac who encourages violence, and uses fear and intimidation to control the boys in his tribe. Unlike Ralph, Jack does not take into consideration other boys' needs and selfishly makes his band of savages follow each of his demands. Jack dismisses the need to maintain a signal fire which is crucial in order to be rescued, and allows his tribe to run wild. Instead of holding assemblies, creating rules, and organizing essential tasks, Jack chooses to focus all of his energy on hunting pigs and playing. Ralph also displays courage and a strong will, while Jack continually complains and gives up when he doesn't get his way. Jack also takes unnecessary risks and leads his hunters on a dangerous search throughout the island at night. Many of Jack's decisions are rash and dangerous. His affinity for violence, quick temper, and inability to prioritize essential tasks make him a worse leader than Ralph.

Milton's "On His Blindness" is an Italian sonnet written in the first person. In this, Milton, a deeply religious writer, explores how he feels about his blindness in light of his religious faith.  The octave expresses a somewhat pessimistic attitude. Milton is frustrated with the way in which his blindness limits his ability to write. He feels that he has served God mainly as a writer and despairs because he will not be able to serve God in this fashion now that he is blind, asking "Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?" In the sestet, Milton finds solace in the notion that there are many different ways to serve God, and that if his blindness is God's will, then God will accept those forms of faith and service which can be offered by a blind person, even if such service is limited to standing and waiting, as one can see in the final line of the poem.

Liam O'Flaherty's short story "The Sniper" is set on a Dublin rooftop during the Irish Civil War. Republicans are fighting Free Staters in a pitched street battle. The protagonist of the story is a Republican sniper who is positioned on a rooftop not far from the Four Courts government buildings which had been occupied by Republican troops. The protagonist is pitted against his opposite, a sniper for the Free State forces. The Free State sniper is considered the antagonist of the story because he is in direct conflict with the protagonist. When the protagonist reveals himself, he is wounded by the antagonist. Ultimately, however, the Republican sniper is able to trick his enemy into showing himself and then kills the man with one shot from his pistol. At the end of the story, the antagonist is revealed to be the brother of the protagonist.

Romeo and Juliet, who feel mixed emotions, both recognize in their speeches that life is contradictory and confusing, and their use of oxymoron reflects this understanding. In Act I, Scene 1, an emotional Romeo talks with his friend Benvolio after the street fight in which the houses of Capulet and Montague have engaged. When Romeo says, "Here's much to do with hate, but more with love" (1.1.170), he expresses his puzzlement with the fine line that exists between the two emotions, as well as the swiftness with which one emotion can transform into the other. Further, he also recognizes that emotions become entangled with one another and often are hard to distinguish, as he employs this oxymoron: "Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms!" (1.1.175). Similarly, after having excitedly anticipated her loving hours to come with her new husband, Juliet experiences exaggerated and conflicting feelings when she learns of Tybalt's death at the hands of Romeo. An emotion...

A parabola opens toward to the location of focus with respect to the vertex. When the vertex and focus has same y-values , it implies that the parabola opens sideways (left or right) .  When the vertex and focus has same x-values , it implies that the parabola may opens upward or downward .  The given focus of the parabola `(0, 7/4)` is located above the vertex `(0,0)` . Both points has the same value of `x=0` . Thus, the parabola opens upward. In this case, we follow the standard formula: `(x-h)^2=4p(y-k)` . We consider the following properties:  vertex as `(h,k)`  focus as `(h, k+p)`   directrix as `y=k-p`  Note: `p` is the distance of between focus and vertex or distance between directrix and vertex. From the given vertex point `(0,0)` , we determine h =0 and k=0. From the given focus `(0,7/4)` , we determine `h =0` and `k+p=7/4` . Plug-in ` k=0` on `k+p=7/4` . we get: `0+p=7/4` `p=7/4` Plug-in the values: `h=0` ,`k=0` , and `p=7/4`  on the standard formula, we get: `(x-0)^2=4*7/4(y...

When the pony, Gabilan, is very ill, having trouble breathing and only taking air in with an unnatural whistling, hissing sound, Billy helps the pony breathe by cutting a small hole into his windpipe.   It works: even though the poor animal is bleeding from the cut, he is able to breathe through the new hole and stay alive, at least for the time being. This emergency operation is traumatic for Jody to witness, but he disregards Billy's instructions to leave and insists on staying right there with his beloved pony. And as the story comes to a close shortly after this scene, Gabilan doesn't make it--his death is heartbreaking for Jody, and for us, the readers. This sad episode can be understood in the context of the whole novel as the first of Jody's experiences with how terrible life can be. It shapes his understanding of nature, and of life, with its bittersweet mixture of tragedy and happiness. You can find the scene involving Billy's operation on the pony toward the e...

Miss Maudie's house burns down in Chapter Eight of To Kill A Mockingbird .   It was an unusually cold winter in Maycomb County, and many people lit fires in their fireplaces when most years they didn't need to.  Miss Maudie's house fire may have been caused by "the flue in the kitchen. [She] kept a fire in there last night for [her] potted plants."   Miss Maudie's entire house burns down.  The Maycomb fire truck won't start in the unusual cold and has to be pushed to her house.  Then, when it does arrive, the fire hose bursts.  Some of Miss Maudie's furniture is saved by the men of the town, but her house and her beloved yard are completely destroyed.  Presumably Miss Maudie feels grief and loss, but she does not show it.  A true Southern lady, she steadfastly looks on the bright side.   "Always wanted a smaller house, Jem Finch.  Gives me more yard.  Just think, I'll have more room for my azaleas now!  ... Grieving, child?  Why, I hated that ...

The poet John Keats is known for many of his "odes," which are types of poems that celebrate or pay homage to their subjects. (For instance, Keats wrote an ode to autumn, an ode to a nightingale, and an ode to a Grecian urn, among others.) In "To the Nile," Keats takes on the subject of the river Nile, which runs through Egypt and is associated with the great ancient Egyptian civilization. He calls the river many things, including the "Chief of the Pyramid and Crocodile!" He also calls the Nile a "nurse":  "Nurse of swart nations since the world began, Art thou so fruitful? ..." (line 5-6) Here, Keats' use of the word "nurse" can be a little confusing. He doesn't mean, in this case, a medical nurse, someone who takes care of people who are sick or injured. Instead, Keats is referring to something more like a "wet nurse," which was historically a woman who nursed a baby when it was born in lieu of a mother. In...

Environmental issues have continued to gain traction, especially with regards to global warming and wildlife extinction. Animal poaching is globally at an all-time high, with wild animal products increasing in value in the marketplace. Weather patterns are increasingly becoming unpredictable, and environment-related disasters are also increasing due to environmental degradation. Institutions, groups, and individuals have taken steps to try and eliminate the challenges facing the environment. To rally people to their cause, these initiatives often have slogans to communicate their goals and objectives clearly. Below are some slogans associated with environmental protection and conservation: Tree plantation is the best option against pollution This slogan seeks to address the issue of illegal logging and forest encroachment where people are mostly destroying forests for commercial gain. Silence is the best tool to combat noise pollution This slogan seeks to address the issue of noise pol...