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How is social solidarity tied to the division of labor in society? What are the two types of social solidarity that Durkheim identifies? How is...

Durkheim believed the division of labor is beneficial for social solidarity because the division of labor draws people together, puts people into frequent contact, and increases the opportunities for people to engage in mutually beneficial relationships. The two types of social solidarity are mechanical solidarity, in which an individual is tied to the larger society without any force except the collective conscious (a system of shared values), and organic solidarity, in which people are connected to each other through the functions they perform and a division of labor that breeds interdependence. 


Societies with mechanical solidarity rely on repressive laws—that is, laws that punish the perpetrator—and have a great number of penal laws. Societies with organic solidarity have rules with restitutive penalties, meaning the laws aim to make the situation right and restore the situation to an earlier state. It could be argued that our society has come to rely more on repressive laws than restitutive laws, and this reality contradicts Durkheim's idea that societies move from repressive to restitutive laws as they become more advanced.

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