Skip to main content

Does Goodman Brown really attend a witches' Sabbath, or does he dream about it?

I believe that Goodman Brown does not attend a witches' Sabbath led by the Devil.  The entire thing is a dream, and it did not really happen. 


The final paragraph of the story admits to readers that Goodman Brown did indeed dream the events that occurred in the forest. 



A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man did he become from the night of that fearful dream.



Nevertheless, the result of the dream is that Goodman Brown's faith in the people of his town is destroyed.  He can no longer sing hymns in church or listen attentively to the minister.  Goodman Brown even shrinks away from his wife.  He has lost his faith in Faith.  The dream is simply a very real dream to Goodman Brown.  That makes sense to me.  I've had dreams that caused me to question whether or not I dreamed the events or actually experienced the events.  


Science can explain this phenomenon.  Brain scans have been conducted on people that have been asked to perform a specific task or imagine doing the same task.  The brain scans come back identical.  In other words, the brain doesn't distinguish real from imaginary.  Dr. David Hamilton writes the following:



Chemicals including cortisol and adrenaline help kick start the body, pushing blood towards the major muscles to give you strength.


But the exact same stress response kicks in when you imagine danger, also producing cortisol and adrenaline and pushing blood around the body. The same chemistry is produced regardless of whether the danger is real or imagined.



Goodman Brown had a very vivid dream, and it became his reality. 

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

etymology - Origin of the greeting "Sweet dreams".

Does anybody know the etymology of the phrase "sweet dreams"? I tried googling but did not find anything satisfying. Is this a relatively new phrase of the modern world or has this been in use for some time? I think it's the latter one. Answer The OED has the interjection as "a farewell to someone going to bed" from the 20th century: 1908 Sears Roebuck Catal. 198/1 Tenor Solos..Good Bye, Sweet Dreams, Good Bye. But it goes back until at least the 19th and possibly 18th centuries. John Wolcot, writing under the pseudonym of Peter Pindar, used it in his poem "Orson and Ellen; A Legendary Tale" published in 1801: Also from 1801 in The infernal Quixote (Page 287) by Charles Lucas: In the March 1776 of The Universal Magazine was published "The Serenade. A Pastoral Tale. From the German of Gesner" , where the shepherd Daphnis watches over his beloved as she sleeps and sings: The same tale appears in 1776's as Idyl XI, " Daphnis ...

Is there a word/phrase for "unperformant"?

As a software engineer, I need to sometimes describe a piece of code as something that lacks performance or was not written with performance in mind. Example: This kind of coding style leads to unmaintainable and unperformant code. Based on my Google searches, this isn't a real word. What is the correct way to describe this? EDIT My usage of "performance" here is in regard to speed and efficiency. For example, the better the performance of code the faster the application runs. My question and example target the negative definition, which is in reference to preventing inefficient coding practices. Answer This kind of coding style leads to unmaintainable and unperformant code. In my opinion, reads more easily as: This coding style leads to unmaintainable and poorly performing code. The key to well-written documentation and reports lies in ease of understanding. Adding poorly understood words such as performant decreases that ease. In addressing the use of such a poorly ...

What are the similarities between the relationships of the characters in The Outsiders and Romeo and Juliet?

At first glance, it might appear as if the characters in  The Outsiders  by S. E. Hinton and  Romeo and Juliet  by William Shakespeare do not have much in common; however, when one isolates the core of the conflicts, it becomes clear that the relationships in both stories are rooted in rivalry and secrecy.  In both  The Outsiders  and  Romeo and Juliet , an overarching theme is rivalry. While   socioeconomic status separates the greasers from the Socs in The Outsiders , last names separates the Montagues from the Capulets, who appear to be relatively equal in terms of socioeconomic status. Due to these rivalries, there are instances of deadly interactions in both stories. In  The Outsiders , Johnny kills Bob (whether his actions were justified or not is debatable). In  Romeo and Juliet , Romeo kills Tybalt and Paris, and Tybalt kills Mercutio. These deaths have profound effects on the main characters. In Ponyboy's case, the Johnny's death and other events in the novel inspire h...