One example of African resistance to imperialism was the 1896 Battle of Adwa. This was a conflict between the Ethiopian army, led by Emperor Menelik II, and the Italian army, led by General Oreste Baratieri and assisted by Eritreans. Menelik II led his army to victory, and Italian forces were driven out of Ethiopia.
An example of nonviolent resistance in Africa is the Aba Women's Revolt, or Igbo Women's War, in 1929. This movement was a revolt led by rural women in response to the threat European colonization posed to their autonomy. Additionally, some governments participated in political resistance. The first president of the Republic of Guinea, Sékou Touré, declared at the beginning of his presidency in 1958 that Guinea was to opt for immediate independence from France. Guinea was economically dependent on France as a former colony, but Touré argued it would be better to be independent without European oppression than benefit from France's financial support.
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