Notes

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution offers protections for certain types of speech and expression. Only some of the actions taken by the protesters fall under the protections of the First Amendment. Americans have the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression that is free from government interference, provided those expressions do not violate any existing laws. The First Amendment allows the government to prohibit speech that causes a breach of the peace or results in violence. By destroying public property, the protesters clearly violated this aspect of the Constitution and their attempt to use the First Amendment as a defense will not likely be successful in this regard. The Right to Assemble The right to assemble is a primary component of the First Amendment, but it is often misunderstood. Americans have the right to gather together for "peaceful and lawful purposes." Any demonstration that results in violence or causes a breach of the public...

In the short story “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell, people who refuse to be hunted are beaten to death by Ivan, a giant of a man who used to whip people to death for the Czar of Russia. In this story, the villain is a man named General Zaroff.  Zaroff lives on “Ship Trap Island,” which is somewhere in the Caribbean Sea. Zaroff’s life passion is hunting. During his career as a hunter, he eventually became bored because hunting wild animals is too easy. He decided he wanted to hunt human beings since they are intelligent and would be more challenging to hunt. Humans are “the most dangerous game” to which the story’s title refers. Zaroff obtained Ship Trap Island and uses shipwrecked sailors (including some whose ships were wrecked thanks to false navigational lights that Zaroff rigged up at sea) as his prey. When Zaroff tells Rainsford this, Rainsford wonders how he gets the men to agree to be hunted. Zaroff tells Rainsford that the men have the choice of possible death in t...

The Declaration of Independence stated that we were no longer under British rule. In the Declaration of Independence, the colonists listed the complaints that they had against the King. This section is the longest section of the Declaration of Independence. The colonists believed the British government was violating their rights. They believed the King was abusing his power. In the Declaration of Independence, it stated that all people have certain rights that can’t be taken away or given up. These are called inalienable rights. They include the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Declaration of Independence stated that when a government doesn’t protect the rights of the people, the people must remove that government and replace it with a government that will protect their rights. Once the Declaration of Independence was written and adopted, the Revolutionary War began because Great Britain was not about to let us become free without a fight.

Haney Lopez speaks about how the Republican party uses what he calls a "dog whistle," or a coded message to a target audience (page 4) to appeal to the shrinking portion of the electorate made up of white people. The "dog whistle" contains a thinly veiled reference to race and uses fear to blame nonwhite people for issues such as welfare fraud and illegal immigration; denies allegations that the GOP is pandering to whites; and denies nonwhites' claims of racial discrimination. In other words, while blaming race for many of society's problems, this form of dog whistling involves Republicans denying that they are doing so. The coded messages teach their audience that minorities are the cause of many of society's ills and that whites are the victims. The first two chapters of this book trace the rise of the GOP as what the author calls "the white man's party" with Nixon and the turn to the party's use of what the author calls "strateg...

Socrates's principal engagement with the question of the opinion of the many occurs in a Platonic dialogue known as the  Crito.  This dialogue takes place on the day before Socrates, who is imprisoned, is to be executed for corruption of the youth. Crito, a wealthy friend of Socrates, comes to him and implores him to escape with his assistance. Crito values Socrates's friendship and does not want him to die, but his motives for offering to assist Socrates's escape are also partially selfish. He is a fixture of the community, and is worried that if he cannot persuade Socrates to escape, "the many will not be persuaded that I wanted you to escape, and that you refused." In other words, Crito believes that if Socrates dies, even by his own decision, it will make Crito look bad. He is concerned about and swayed by the opinion of his peers, and believes that "the opinion of the many must be regarded...because they can do the very greatest evil to anyone who has lo...

It is evident from the description of Gortsby's observations and reflections that he makes a habit of sitting on a bench in this general area around dusk, probably shortly after he gets off work in some office, and watches the passing crowd. This would inevitably mean that he would be approached by strangers with hard-luck stories. Gortsby considers himself sophisticated. No doubt he has given people money in the past and then had second thoughts about it. He has obviously developed a cynical attitude about humanity in general as a means of self-defense. When a man sits down beside him on his bench--especially when there are probably vacant benches all around at that late hour--he is immediately suspicious. He is familiar with the stranger's opening ploy. As if to emphasise the fact that the world went badly with him the new-corner unburdened himself of an angry and very audible expletive as he flung himself into the seat. Gortsby understands that this "audible expletive...

In Chapter 5, Eliezer and his father are forced to go through the first selection process. Eliezer takes off his clothes and sprints in front of the SS guards. Eliezer passes the selection process and is ecstatic to see that his father also passed the selection. A few days pass and their block leader eventually informs the prisoners that there will be a second selection process. Unfortunately, Eliezer's father was chosen to go through the selection process for the second time. Before the selection begins, Eliezer shares an emotional moment with his father. Eliezer's father gives his son his knife and spoon in case he is chosen. Eliezer is extremely depressed and worried that his father will not pass the second selection. Fortunately, when Eliezer returns from work his father is waiting for him. Eliezer's father was deemed healthy enough to continue working at the camp. Eliezer then gives his father back his knife and spoon. Later on in the chapter, Eliezer and his father a...

That depends on what mean by "cyanobacteria," and what kind of photosynthesis you have in mind.  Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy that an organism can use as fuel. There are two different kinds of photosynthesis -- oxygenic and anoxygenic. Oxygenic photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct; anoxygenic photosynthesis does not. There is widespread agreement among biologists that cyanobacteria were the first organisms to engage in oxygenic photosynthesis. However, the first photosynthesizing organisms ("phototrophs") may have been the ancestors of cyanobacteria. Although biologists are still attempting to reconstruct this evolutionary history, the emerging consensus is that anoxygenic photosynthesis evolved first. In 2006, Armen Mulkidjanian and his colleagues conducted a genetic study of extant photosynthesizing bacteria species in order to reconstruct the likely evolution of photosynthesis. Their results led them to argue tha...

Royal colonies (also called Crown colonies) were significant because they had a direct connection to the British crown. Unlike in proprietary and charter (also known as self-governing) colonies, the monarch directly appointed the governors of royal colonies. As you might expect, the monarch exerted more direct influence over these colonies than the other types, because he could give the governor direct instructions and fire him if he did not carry them out to the letter. Consequently, tensions tended to run high in royal colonies with a strong revolutionary spirit, such as Massachusetts. In colonial America, Massachusetts; Virginia, North Carolina; New Hampshire; New Jersey; and New York were all royal colonies at one point or another (some had begun as self-governing or proprietary colonies but had been turned into royal colonies by the British monarchy).

Given equation is `y'+y/x=xy^2` An equation of the form `y'+Py=Qy^n` is called as the Bernoulli equation . so, to proceed to solve this equation we have to transform the equation into a linear equation form of first order as follows =>` y' (y^-n) +P y^(1-n)=Q` let `u= y^(1-n)` => `(1-n)y^(-n)y'=u'` => `y^(-n)y' = (u')/(1-n)` so , `y' (y^-n) +P y^(1-n)=Q` => `(u')/(1-n) +P u =Q ` so this equation is now of the linear form of first order Now, From this equation , `y'+y/x=xy^2` and `y'+Py=Qy^n` on comparing we get `P=(1/x) , Q=x , n=2` so the linear form of first order of the equation `y'+y/x=xy^2 ` is given as => `(u')/(1-n) +P u =Q ` where` u= y^(1-n) =y^(1-2)=1/y ` => `(u')/(1-2) +(1/x) u =x ` => `-u' +(1/x) u =x ` =>`u' -(1/x) u = -x ` so this linear equation is of the form `u' + pu=q` `p=-(1/x) , q=-x` so I.F (integrating factor ) = `e^(int p dx) = e^(int -(1/x) dx) = e^(-lnx)=1/x` and the gen...

`log_27 (9)` To evaluate, factor the 9. `= log_27 (3^2)` Then, apply the formula of change base `log_b (a) =(log_c(a))/(log_c(b))` . `= (log_3(3^2))/(log_3 (27))` `=(log_3 (3^2))/(log_3 (3^3))` To simplify it further, apply the rule `log_b(a^m)= m*log_b(a)` . `= (2* log_3(3))/(3*log_3(3))` When the base and argument of the logarithm are the same, the result is 1, `log_b(b)=1` . `= (2*3)/(3*1)` `=2/3` Therefore,  `log_27 (9) =2/3` .

In Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman , Willy Loman's failures are a product of his unrealistic vision of what his life is and could be and what his sons' lives could be. Led by their father, Biff and Happy similarly develop unrealistic visions of their lives. All of these unrealistic visions and expectations, rather than leading to a solid, stable future for any of the characters, only serve to create a superficial existence that eventually all comes crashing down around the characters. At the start of the play, we learn that Willy sees himself as a successful salesman when, in reality, he is barely surviving . We see his unrealistic vision of his success when, during a flashback, he boasts to his sons that he never has to "wait in line to see a buyer" (Act 1). He further boasts that, on his most recent business trip, he was "sellin' thousands and thousands" (Act 1). But Willy soon shares the reality of his sales with Linda: he only sold $500...

(a) I do not have a current copy of Excel. The following are instructions that should get the Anova output: (1) Enter the data in columns A,B,C, and D. (2) On the toolbar select Data -> Data analysis (3) Select Anova -> single factor (4) Enter the range A4:D23 (as it appears in your spreadsheet) (5) Select grouped by columns (6) Select or enter 0.05 for the alpha level (7) Check output range and type in E2 You should get the following information: F=2.352657462 p=0.0792776228 Factor: df=3 SS=2551767.07 MS=850589.022 Error df=72 SS=26031162.9 MS=361543.929 SXP=601.285231 (b) Do not reject the null hypothesis. `p > alpha ` . (.07>.05; the probability that you could have a group such as this by chance is greater than your level of confidence.) Compare p to the alpha level. When `p <= alpha ` we reject the null hypothesis.  (c) Our basic assumption is that the average values for each city (means) are the same. We assume that the spread of the data is the same for each city (...

Tybalt is just a young man like Romeo, but he has a belligerent disposition and an inflated opinion of his importance in the Capulet family. He is angry at Romeo for at least two reasons. The first one is that he feels personally offended by the way Romeo and his friends crashed the big Capulet party. Going back to the party in Act 1, Scene 3, Tybalt is threatening violence right there in the midst of the festivities when he is severely reprimanded and humiliated by his uncle Lord Capulet, who calls him "goodman boy" and "a saucy boy." The second reason why Tybalt is so angry at Romeo is that he is still stinging from the rebuke he received from his uncle. He blames Romeo for this tongue-lashing as well. This may be irrational, but it is not atypical of human nature.

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. Abraham Lincoln arrived on the political scene in 1858 when he challenged Stephen Douglas for the U.S. Senate seat in Illinois. There were a series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. Slavery was a key topic in these debates. Abraham Lincoln said he was against slavery, especially the spread of it. While Abraham Lincoln lost the election for the U.S. Senate seat, he gained a national reputation that helped him when he ran for President in 1860. Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860. Once he won the election, seven southern states seceded from the Union. Even though Abraham Lincoln said he wouldn’t eliminate slavery where it already existed, the leaders of these southern states didn’t believe him. Eventually four more southern states seceded. Abraham Lincoln had to guide the country through the Civil War. While President, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation...

Statement B best describes Rousseau's views. In  The Social Contract , Rousseau posited that people, when they remained in the state of nature, were not corrupt. Instead, it was society that corrupted them, particularly the competition for material wealth. In his view, society created inequalities that were unnatural. Prior to the French Revolution, France was a very unequal society with an increasingly desperate working-class and a willfully blind aristocracy. For Rousseau and other Enlightenment figures, this situation was untenable.  Rousseau believed that a government formed by popular sovereignty, or with the consent of the people, would be most sustainable in the long-term. Rousseau had a positive view of human nature. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes had a negative view. Statement C best reflects Hobbes's view as explained in  Leviathan . He believed that, without a strong monarch, citizens would give in to their worst instincts.  However, neither Hobbes nor Rousseau fav...

Immigration is a term that describes someone who relocates to a foreign country with the intention of residing there permanently. Immigration can have both a positive and negative impact on a country. This is evident in history. Below are examples of both positive and negative impacts, both historically and today: Positive: -  Immigrants helped to settle the American West and the Canadian West. For example, immigrants from Eastern Europe traveled far distances to settle in the West and become farmers. It was a long and often arduous journey that most people did not want to endure. -  In East Coast towns and cities, immigrants took low-paying factory jobs. Their work helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.   -  Immigration encourages diversity. -  Some immigrants come from war-torn countries or places where there is extreme poverty. This was true historically, and is still true today. Immigration gave them opportunities that they may not have had before. Negative: -  Historically, some i...

The poem's second stanza carries great meaning: "Life is real! Life is earnest!     And the grave is not its goal;  Dust thou art, to dust returnest,     Was not spoken of the soul." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's speaker suggests to the reader that simply living out our mortal lives is not fully living out our potential. He asserts that we begin and end as dust, but that our souls aren't concerned with the mechanics of our brief earthly lives. Overall, the poem's message is that great men know that they must take action to achieve immortality. The speaker contends that it is up to us to make our lives "sublime," and that in doing so, we are not only remembered, but also help others when they are feeling abandoned, lonely, and despairing. The poem's overall sentiment is that great men live lives that serve as inspiration to those who come along after them. This stanza speaks directly to the poem's larger theme.

In his poem “Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802,” William Wordsworth describes the image of London he and his sister saw as they traveled across the bridge early in the morning. She wrote about the sights in her journal, and it affected him deeply, which led him to write the poem. Therefore, he named the poem based on his experience, which justifies the title. Although Wordsworth is known for his works about nature, this sonnet is written about the beauty London portrays on a late summer morning. A sight so touching in its majesty: This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, He goes on to describe the sights of the city including the ships, towers, and quiet buildings in the clear air. This is not the norm for the city during the day or during other times of the year. The city is bustling and noisy with smoke from chimneys billowing in the air. Therefore, it is important that Wordsworth date the poem, and describe his vantage point...

While not impossible in principle, this theory is quite unlikely to be correct. Molten materials in and under the Earth's crust are not that different in density from the surrounding rock, and in any case their mass is quite small relative to the total mass of the Earth, so the changes in gravitation due to molten currents under the surface are very small. The variation in Earth's gravity due to the overall shape of the Earth is about 0.5%. The variation in Earth's gravity due to local geology and molten currents is even smaller than that, on the order of 0.001%. Such a small change is unlikely to have any significant effect on weather patterns. It's not entirely impossible, however, as weather is a chaotic system, and at their bifurcation points chaotic systems can produce dramatically different outputs with only small differences in input---known as the butterfly effect. So, if weather were just exactly on a bifurcation point, and then a seismic event triggered a shif...

The law of demand states that, all other things being equal, there will be an inverse relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity of that product that people are willing and able to buy. This means that when the price of something goes down, people will (ceteris paribus) buy more of it. The opposite applies if the price goes up. The law of supply states that, all other things being equal, there will be a direct relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity of that product that people are willing and able to produce and sell. This means when the price of something goes down, people will (ceteris paribus) sell less of it. The opposite applies if the price goes up. Between them, these two laws tell us how prices will be set in a free market. In such a market, the supply and demand curves intersect. The point where they intersect is called the equilibrium point. It tells us the price that the market will set and the quantity of the good or se...

Given curves are , `y=(b/a)sqrt(a^2-x^2) , y=0` let `f(x) =(b/a)sqrt(a^2-x^2)` and `g(x)=0` In order to find the Centroid of the region bounded by the curves , first we have to find the area bounded by the curves ,so , now in order to find the area , we have to find the intersecting points of the curves. This can be obtained by equating f(x) and g(x) . =>` f(x) = g(x)` => `(b/a)sqrt(a^2-x^2) =0` => `sqrt(a^2-x^2) =0` => `x^2 = a^2` => `x= +-a`---------(1) so the curves `f(x)>=g(x) on [-a, a]` so the area `= int _a ^b [f(x) -g(x)]dx` where the lower bound is -a, and the upper bound is a `= int _-a ^a [(b/a)sqrt(a^2 - x^2) -0]dx` `=int_-a^a[(b/a)sqrt(a^2 - x^2)]dx` The function which is being integrated is an even function so, =`2int_0^a[(b/a)sqrt(a^2 - x^2)]dx` =`2(b/a) int_0^a[sqrt(a^2 - x^2)]dx` let `x=a sin(theta)` ------(2) so , `dx = a cos(theta) d(theta)` but from (1) and (2) we get `x=+-a , x= asin(theta)` is `sin(theta) = +-1` => `theta = sin^(-1) (+-1)` so`...

There are several reasons why Bob Ewell isn't worthy of receiving compassion in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird . Throughout the novel, Bob Ewell is the most despicable citizen in Maycomb and is responsible for Tom Robinson's wrongful conviction after accusing him of assaulting and raping his daughter. During the trial, Atticus reveals that Bob Ewell is the one who beat his daughter, and Bob vows to avenge Atticus. Bob publicly spits in Atticus' face, proceeds to harass Tom's wife, Helen, and attempts to break into Judge Taylor's home. In Chapter 28, Bob does the unspeakable and attempts to murder Jem and Scout while they are walking home from Maycomb's Halloween festival. Fortunately, Boo Radley saves the children by wrestling Bob Ewell off of them and killing him with Bob's own knife during the struggle. Bob's unapologetic, vengeful attitude, coupled with his attempt to murder two innocent children are the reasons he isn't worthy of receiving comp...

In the book Frindle , author Andrew Clements shows us that society decides what words get added to the dictionary. The question of how dictionaries are created begins being explored in chapter 3 when Nick tries to distract his fifth-grade English teacher from assigning homework by asking what he thinks is a "perfect thought-grenade": .. where did all those words [in the dictionaries] come from? (p. 17) Nick is then assigned to explore the answer to his own question by writing and presenting a report on the dictionary. Nick's research shows him that scholars , like Samuel Johnson in the 1700s, compiled dictionaries , but Johnson's dictionary was compiled from many other English dictionaries before him. When Nick asks his next "thought-grenade" concerning who decides what words mean, Mrs. Granger explains the role ordinary people and the rest of society play in deciding what words mean and what words get added to the dictionary. Mrs. Granger explains the r...

A parabola with directrix at `y=k` implies that the parabola may opens up towards upward or downward direction. The position of the directrix with respect to the vertex point can be used to determine in which side the parabola opens up. If the directrix is above the vertex point then the parabola opens downward. If the directrix is below the vertex point then the parabola opens upward. The parabola indicated in the problem has directrix of `y=12` which is located above the vertex `(0,0)` . Thus, the parabola opens downward and follows the standard formula: `(x-h)^2=-4p(y-k)` . We consider the following properties: vertex as `(h,k)`  focus as `(h, k-p)`  directrix as `y=k+p`  Note: `p` is the distance of between focus and vertex or distance between directrix and vertex.  From the given vertex point `(0,0)` , we determine `h =0` and `k=0` . Applying directrix `y =12` and `k=0` on `y=k+p` we get: `12 =0+p` `12=p or p=12` . Plug-in the values: `h=0` ,`k=0` , and `p=7` on the standard for...

`intx/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` Let's rewrite the integrand as, `=1/2int(2x)/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` `=1/2int(2x-6+6)/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` `=1/2[int(2x-6)/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx+int6/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx]`  --------------------(1) Now let' evaluate each of the above two integrals separately, `int(2x-6)/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` Let's apply integral substitution:`u=x^2-6x+10` `=>du=(2x-6)dx` `=int1/u^2du` `=intu^(-2)du` Now from the integer tables:`intu^ndu=u^(n+1)/(n+1)+C` `=u^(-2+1)/(-2+1)` `=-1/u` Substitute back `u=x^2-6x+10` `=-1/(x^2-6x+10)`                    -----------------------------(2) Now let's evaluate the second integral, `int6/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` Take the constant out, `=6int1/(x^2-6x+10)^2dx` Complete the square of the term in the denominator. `=6int1/((x-3)^2+1)^2dx`   Let's apply integral substitution:`u=x-3` `=>du=dx` `=6int1/(u^2+1^2)^2du` Now use the following from the integration tables: `int1/(a^2+-u^2)^ndu=1/(2a^2(n-1))[u/(a^2+-u^2)^(n-1)+(2n-3)int1/(a^2+-u^2)^(n-1)du]` `=6{1/(2...

The first four lines compare the end of the narrator's life to the last days of autumn: That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang. Yellow leaves, signs of past bloom, signify decay. The tree will soon have no leaves left to hang; it will be completely bare, or absent of fruit. This absence indicates that the narrator is nearing death, which is a "cold" and "bare" state. "The sweet birds sang" is in past tense, signifying that all sense of merriment has departed. The next four lines reduce the event of death to a day. Shakespeare uses time to chart the narrator's progress from old age, or the autumn years ("That time of year thou mayst in me behold / When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang") to the day on which he dies: In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the we...

The setting of “The Storm” by Kate Chopin plays a central role in the story in much the way a character would. The story, which was written in 1898, takes place in a small, southern Louisiana town. While the protagonist Calixta’s husband and young son are forced to wait out a strong thunderstorm in the local store, she is left alone in her small home. The child worries about his mother. They were at Friedheimer's store and decided to remain there till the storm had passed. They sat within the door on two empty kegs. Bibi was four years old and looked very wise. Her husband buys her a treat of canned shrimp for their dinner in case she needs soothing. Bobint arose and going across to the counter purchased a can of shrimps, of which Calixta was very fond. As she sits at her sewing machine, Calixta is oblivious to the impending storm until the winds begin to whip. She sat at a side window sewing furiously on a sewing machine. She was greatly occupied and did not notice the approaching...

"A Horse and Two Goats" by R. K. Narayan may simply seem like an amusing tale, but it has a far more profound meaning when read in terms of its cultural context. Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami was an Indian writer born when India was still ruled by the British. His father was the headmaster of a school, and Narayan (as he is normally called) was educated in English literature and wrote in English. Many of his stories take place in southern India and reflect upon colonialism and its legacy. In this story, the misunderstandings between Muni and the American are symbolic of their two cultures. Muni is poor but understands the value of the horse as an important religious symbol, seeing it as the spiritual guardian of the village. The American, who is quite wealthy by Indian standards, sees the horse statue only as a potential material possession, one to be displayed as a way of showing off his wealth and as a form of entertainment at parties. Although the failure of Mu...

A tesseract is a wrinkle in space and time that allows the Murry children, like their father before them, to leap over great distances in the space-time continuum. As Mrs. Whatsit explains it, if you wrinkle up the cloth of a skirt, an ant can travel across it much faster. Likewise, by using wrinkles in time, Mrs. Whatsit, Who and Which can almost instantly arrive at other planets. Tessering, or using a tesseract, allowed Mr. Murry to get quickly to the planet Camazotz, and it allows Meg, Charles Wallace and Calvin to follow him there and save him from the power of IT. It also allows all of them to return to earth in the blink of an eye. This fortunate feature makes space travel possible for humans.

There are probably very few people, other than math teachers, who routinely solve calculus problems on a daily basis. (Most of the applied fields would use computers, especially sense most models would not be amenable to easy hand calculations.) However, most of us use or rely on the fruits of calculations made possible by the calculus. Finding maximums or minimums (maximize profit, traffic flow, output, or minimize cost, personnel, or material) is useful every day in a large number of fields including economics, social sciences, the hard sciences, business management, and game theory applications. The foundations of statistics are based on applications of calculus to the area under a probability curve. We also frequently want to find the rate of change or rate of rate of change of various processes, which of course uses calculus. (How fast does the medicine/drug leave your system, how is the demand for a product/service changing over time, etc...)

Hemingway's story can be read as having an existentialist theme that life has no prescribed meaning and is not directed by a divine force. Any meaning that our lives have is a product of our own efforts.   The old man drinks in the cafe to cope with his own existential fears. Though he interacts with others only minimally, he prefers to drink in a public place rather than at home by himself. His characterization (of civility and dignity) reinforces this idea: The old man stood up, slowly counted the saucers, took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks, leaving half a peseta tip. The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity. The contrasting characterizations of the two waiters demonstrate how they bring meaning to their own lives. The young waiter is in a hurry to get home to his wife; the other waiter, who is older, is unhurried and obviously feels sympathy for the old man. His interior monologue about "nad...

At the opening of Act I of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House , Nora is introduced to the audience “humming contentedly.” Nora does, as will be evident, hum regularly, a habit that, to her controlling and demeaning husband Torvald, prompts him to compare his wife to a songbird. Throughout Act I of Ibsen’s play, the theme of Nora as songbird is repeated, as in the following exchange in which Torvald has established a pattern of comparing his wife to a series of innocent, harmless animals, specifically, a lark and a squirrel and, finally, to a songbird:   Nora : I wish I had inherited many of papa's qualities.   Torvald : And I don't wish you anything but just what you are — my own, sweet little song-bird. But I say — it strikes me you look so — so — what shall I call it ? — so suspicious to-day. Torvald, the audience comes to understand, is using the animal monikers or comparison to emphasize his superiority over his wife. As noted, he is a controlling husband whose attitude towards ...

Due to the fourth line of the poem, it is clear Goodpasture is the father of a Civil War soldier: When they buried my soldier son  [my emphasis] To the call of trumpets and the sound of drums My heart broke beneath the weight Of eighty years, and I cried: "Oh, son who died in a cause unjust! In the strife of Freedom slain!" The fifth and sixth lines detail Goodpasture's experience of his son's funeral. He tells us he was "eighty years" old at the time, which would have made it impossible for  him  to be the soldier. Your confusion may be due to the use of quotes within the first-person narration. The use of voice changes only in relation to time, but it is always the same man speaking—recounting what he said at the beginning of the Civil War ("[w]hen Fort Sumter fell and the war came"), and what he said at his son's burial. 

The equation, E=mc2, is perhaps the most famous piece of information Albert Einstein introduced to the world. The equation describes the relationship between mass and energy. Prior to Einstein's work, scientists believed mass and energy were two distinct things. Einstein argued mass and energy were not necessarily separable, instead claiming the two are just different forms or qualities of the same thing. In the equation, E  stands for energy,  m  for mass, and  c  for the speed of light in a vacuum. With this in mind, the equation essentially reads that energy is equal to the mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The c2 (speed of light squared) portion of the equation represents a conversion factor. If we convert a substance's mass into pure energy, the speed of light squared establishes a dimensional constant. Why  this formula makes sense is a much bigger and more philosophical question than we can dwell upon here. Einstein's equation merely de...

Almost 325 years ago, i.e., in February,1692, the Salem Witch Trials racked fear and hysteria in the small Massachusetts Bay settlement. Since then, extreme fear and hysteria have been synonymous with “a witch hunt.” The hysteria in Salem emerged as Tituba confessed to being a witch who was working with the devil. A hysterical, panic induced, massive "witch hunt" ensued. Fear of witches and the devil was not uncommon at the time in both America and in Europe, and others had been convicted of witchcraft before the Salem trials. Tituba, however, was the first to confess her witchcraft and association with the devil. The confession added to the stresses of the period as people feared loss of religious freedom, when the Britain’s King Charles II revoked the Massachusetts Bay Charter. The colonists had broken several rules of the charter including making laws based on religious beliefs and discrimination against members of the Church of England (Anglicans). The colony became, as f...

Macbeth is quite concerned about the repercussions of killing Duncan.  He says, If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well It were done quickly. If the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease success; that but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here, But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, We’d jump the life to come. But in these cases We still have judgment here [...] (1.7.1-8) He fears that the whole business of Duncan's murder won't be finished when he commits the murder.  If the one act could catch up and prevent any consequences, then the murder would be the end of things, and he would gladly do it.  However, as it is, there will be consequences (punishments) in this life. The Divine Right of Kings meant that the king was God's chosen ruler; he was to be the head of his kingdom because God made it so.  Therefore, the injunction against killing a king was thought to be a religious imperative.  However, if Macbeth ...

In Chapter 8 of  Frankenstein,  Victor experiences extreme emotional lows. His mood changes from despair to suffering to weeping throughout the chapter, consistently descending deeper and deeper into sadness. The reader is allowed to experience these emotional changes with Victor, because Shelley uses descriptive language that involves the reader in the story.  For example, in the first paragraph of the chapter, Victor laments the loss of Justine, and says that "a weight of despair and remorse pressed on [his] heart" (page 61). Several paragraphs later, Victor says he is now "free" and that a change of scenery was agreeable to him (62). But constantly reminded of the deaths he caused by his creation of the monster, Victor's sadness remains incurable. He says that he frequently "wept bitterly" and that the "wonderful and sublime" views did nothing to cheer him (62, 64). At one point Victor throws himself to the ground with "horror and des...

Both Shakespeare, in  Romeo and Juliet , and O. Henry, in his short story "The Gift of the Magi,"  use very different tones  to relay the theme that love comes with sacrifices. Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject matter. It varies from the mood, which is the emotions the author makes the reader feel. While mood varies throughout long works, the author's tone is usually consistent throughout, because the author's judgements and attitude usually remain the same. In "The Gift of the Magi," though O. Henry opens the story describing a sad situation in which Della does not have much money saved to spend on Christmas gifts, he actually uses a very  witty, humorous tone  that he maintains throughout. We see humor in the fact that Della notes 60 cents worth of her savings is in pennies; we see humor in the fact that O. Henry does not describe Della as sobbing or weeping but rather as "howl[ing]." We further see humor when O. Henry interrup...

The best way to protect yourself from health scams and frauds is to know how to find reliable sources of information so that you can research individual products and services and get unbiased information. In general, websites run by government agencies, reputable non-profit organizations, hospitals and universities are good sources of information while commercial sites that are trying to sell you their products are not reliable. Some of the best websites for finding reliable information include: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/ Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/ American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: http://www.orthoinfo.org/ American Heart Association: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/ Columbia University Go Ask Alice: http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/ In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has responsibility for monitoring health claims for products and services. It helps consumers find reliable information and products sever...

Often, people only focus on the negative impacts of monopolies. One of the most basic benefits of a monopoly is that companies with monopolies can use economies of scale. They can buy, produce, and distribute in bulk. That can result in both cheaper prices and faster distribution of goods. Both of these benefit consumers directly. Monopolies are also stable, and that benefits consumers. You might like them or dislike them, but they are known quantities. That means a kind of continuity and shared reference. Microsoft isn't a complete monopoly, but it is close enough to one that businesses can assume new employees know Microsoft programs like Word. That benefits both businesses (less training is needed, and it is easier to evaluate applicants) and consumers. Finally, monopolies can be more efficient. Monopolies also tend to have more money to dedicate to research. That does not benefit consumers directly, but it does benefit them a great deal indirectly. More research means product i...

Contrary to Thomas Hobbes, who distrusted human nature and, therefore, supported absolutism or, a monarch's absolute control over a populace, John Locke believed that human beings were innately rational. According to Locke, people could use their good sense to form societies based on mutual respect for each other's rights to life, liberty, and property. These ideas, as you have probably guessed, were fundamental to the thinking of the American Founding Fathers.  This understanding of mutual respect and the right of others to exist is the 'social contract.' This is not to be confused with the ideas laid out in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's book  The Social Contract . While Locke and Rousseau agreed on human beings' essentially good nature, Rousseau rejected society altogether, arguing that it corrupted people's natural goodness. Locke, on the other hand, thought that people could form a functioning society by using their capacity to reason. This capacity could help...

The major incident that happened to Melinda was that she was raped.   That particular incident happens before the events of the book begin.  In the summer before beginning her freshman year of high school, Melinda went to a party for high school students attending Merryweather High School.  The party had students of all ages there, and alcohol was present as well.  Melinda had been drinking too, but she did not give sexual consent to Andy Evans.  Andy Evans raped Melinda.  Melinda called the police from the party, and consequently all of the students at Merryweather High School treat her very poorly.  Over the course of the novel, Andy antagonizes Melinda to no end and tries to rape her a second time.  His actions are discovered, and people now realize what actually happened to Melinda at the party. 

Chuchundra, the sniveling, fearful muskrat who creeps around walls because he is too terrified to go into the center of a room, meets Rikki in the middle of the night. He insults Rikki by begging him not to kill him. He then insults him by suggesting that Nag might mistake Chuchundra for Rikki. He says, "Those who kill snakes get killed by snakes."  He issues this warning to Rikki not to help keep Rikki safe but as a way of explaining why Rikki's presence gives him, Chuchundra, more reason to fear.  Chuchundra starts to tell Rikki what Chua the rat told him--but breaks it off when he realizes he might be overheard by Nag. He says, "Nag is everywhere, Rikki-Tikki." Rikki threatens to bite Chuchundra to get him to talk. Even then, Chuchundra won't overtly reveal any information. But he does say, "Can't you hear, Rikki-Tikki?" This is enough of a clue for the clever mongoose. He listens carefully and can just make out the "faintest scratch-s...

Set up a vector diagram to calculate the velocity of the canoe relative to the river.  To do this use the relative motion formula. `V_(ac)=V_(ab)+V_(bc)` Put into words, the velocity of a with respect to c is equal to the velocity of a with respect to b plus the velocity of b with respect to b. You will find: `V_(canoe,river)+V_(river,earth)=V_(canoe,earth)` Where we dont know `V_(canoe,river)` We have 2 lengths of the triangle, and the angle between those 2 lengths. For simplicity, lets now call the lengths we do know b and c and the angle between them A.  The length opposite the angle A is what we require as this is the magnitude of the velocity of the canoe (namely, its speed) relative to the river. We can calculate the length a using the Cosine Rule: a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - (2bc cosA) Giving a = sqrt (b^2 + c^2 - 2bc cos A) Now, we have that the lengths b and c are  b = 0.460 m/s c = 0.600 m/s and that the angle A = 45 degrees = pi/4 radians Finally then we have a = sqrt ( 0.46^2 + 0.6^2...

Shakespeare based Romeo and Juliet on earlier stories. The poet Arthur Brooke wrote a poem called "The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet" that introduced the story of the young lovers into the English language in 1562, as earlier editions had been in French and Italian. This poem was based on real people, Juliet and Romeo, who died in Verona around 1303. From Brooke, Shakespeare took many elements of his plot, including the introduction of Romeo to Juliet at the ball, their marriage, and their eventual suicides. Brooke's poem begins in part, "Love hath inflaméd twain by sudden sight,/ And both do grant the thing that both desire /They wed in shrift by counsel of a friar." In Brooke's poem, the lovers also fell in love at first sight and wed secretly with the help of a friar, though their marriage lasts three months in this poem. While adapting the story from Brooke, Shakespeare made the action take only days instead of months, thereby making the story ...

In Chapter 27, Scout recounts three events that upset Aunt Alexandra. The first event takes place when Bob Ewell blames Atticus for getting him fired from his WPA job. Every week, Bob would curse and openly accuse Atticus of "getting his job" at the welfare office in front of Miss Ruth. The second event which upsets Alexandra is when Bob Ewell attempts to break into Judge Taylor's home on a Sunday night. Fortunately, Judge Taylor was home, and Bob ran away. The third event which upsets Alexandra is when Bob Ewell threatens Helen Robinson on her way to work. Aunt Alexandra tells Atticus that she doesn't like the way Bob Ewell has been acting. She tells Atticus that people like Bob Ewell hold grudges and are not afraid to avenge people who they feel have wronged them.

Rather than the structure of our eyes influencing the way we and animals live, it would be more accurate to say the way we live/the way we engage with our surroundings has influenced the way our eyes are structured.  Human eyes are adapted for creatures living in tall grass-lands and forests where differentiation between distance, color, and movement were crucial to our survival as a species. Unlike many animals that lived in a similar environment, our eyes and brains became adapted to finding movement and differences in color which allowed us to spot predators that may have been camouflaged in the tall grasses. Our eyes however didn't need to see extreme differences in color or even different wave-lengths, such as mantis shrimp which can see ultraviolet light, or raptors whose eyes are extremely specialized for spotting very small prey from hundreds of feet in the air. This leaves us being very good at detecting the "average" spectrum of red, blues, and greens, but not m...

To discuss the placage system, I will choose Armand Lanusse's A Marriage of Conscience and his poem Epigram . Background: Setting, Historical, and Dramatic Context Both the story and the poem above highlight the plight of young minority women under the placage system. Originally, the placage system was practiced in New Orleans and parts of the Caribbean; it was what we would call a common-law marriage. As the mother explains to her daughter, a placage or "conscientious" marriage constitutes "a vow of marriage with no legal basis." Placage marriages were entered into between European men and quadroon women (historically women who were of one quarter African-American and three quarters European descent). Since these marriages were essentially marriages of convenience, these women were viewed as little more than mistresses. During the colonial period, the shortage of European women in New Orleans led English men (tasked with the job of expanding colonial territori...

Gatsby thinks that he can make things just like they were in Louisville with Daisy all those years ago because he believes that it is possible to repeat the past. When Nick tells him that you can't relive the past, Gatsby cries, "Why of course you can!" Gatsby thinks that it is absolutely possible to recreate the way things used to be, the way people used to feel, because he so badly wants it to be true.  Nick says, "[Gatsby's] life had been confused and disordered since then, but if he could return to a certain starting place and go over it all slowly, he could find out what that thing was...." In other words, Gatsby's life since he was in Louisville with Daisy has not gone the way he would have liked it to; there has been war and chaos, and the loss of her, and he vainly hopes that in somehow going back to the point before it all went wrong, he will be able to recover everything that he's lost and prevent his losing it again.  This is just part of ...

In the second paragraph of O. Henry's story, the narrator establishes a humorous tone with his description of the town in Alabama where he and Bill Driscoll got the idea for the kidnapping: "There was a town down there, as flat as a flannel-cake, and called Summit, of course." "Flannel-cake" was a colloquialism for pancake, so it is a type of ironic humor for a town whose geography was flat to be named "Summit," a term for the highest point of a mountain. The addition of "of course" intensifies the humorous tone; it is absurd for a town so flat to be so comically misnamed.  This opening is an appropriate set-up, tonally, for a story of a criminal plan that will, likewise, go absurdly, comically wrong when the father of the kidnapped boy demands money from the kidnappers to take him off their hands.

I believe Steinbeck wanted the reader to understand that America in the 1930s was a harsh, difficult place to survive and that the "American Dream" was essentially impossible to achieve. Throughout the novella, each character struggles to survive in the lonely, unpredictable environment and dreams of a better life. George and Lennie's dream of one day owning their own home together on a plot of land is shattered after Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife. Steinbeck illustrates each character's struggles by depicting their rough lives on the ranch. In the dire economic times, it was difficult for men to make a steady living and save enough money to enjoy the fruits of their labor. Like many Americans living during that time period, George's dream is impossible to achieve. Tragically, the men on the ranch are forced to work their entire lives. After reading the novella, the reader understands the difficulties of living out West in the 1930s and realizes the ...

One way that  The Kite Runner  is relevant to modern times is in its depiction of Afghanistan's complex reality. Afghanistan's involved history is a significant part of  The Kite Runner . Reviewer Ronny Noor argues that part of the novel's appeal is how it "gives a vivid picture of not only the Russian atrocities but also those of the Northern Alliance and the Taliban."  Afghanistan had a complex history even before coalition forces entered in 2001.  It experienced nearly a decade under Taliban rule, and then more than that in its war against the Soviet Union. Adding to this was how rival ethnic tensions and social stratification had always defined its narrative.  For example, the novel is direct in depicting the tension between Pashtun and Hazzara groups.  In depicting all of these realities in The Kite Runner, Hosseini communicates an intricacy that must be understood before any type of change is going to come to Afghanistan. Acknowledging and working through it...