Notes

This questions is a bit ambiguous, so I'm going to assume you're asking about the kinds of themes, ideas, and so forth that are present throughout Milosz's works.  Milosz's background is important in understanding the themes present in his work. Milosz is Polish, and he grew up among the political upheaval of World War I and II. He spent a lot of his childhood in Russia under the Czarist government. As an adult, Milosz worked in the underground resistance movement in Warsaw. He eventually left Poland to escape the oppressive Communist government that took power after World War II.  The fact that Milosz was surrounded by political upheaval, warfare, and corrupt government regimes heavily influenced his work. In his essay  The Witness of Poetry , he writes, "My corner of Europe, owing to the extraordinary and lethal events that have been occurring there, comparable only to violent earthquakes, affords a peculiar perspective. As a result, all of us who come from those...

`inte^x/((e^x-1)(e^x+4))dx` Let's apply integral substitution:`u=e^x` `=>du=e^xdx` `=int1/((u-1)(u+4))du` Now create partial fraction template of the integrand, `1/((u-1)(u+4))=A/(u-1)+B/(u+4)` Multiply the above equation by the denominator, `=>1=A(u+4)+B(u-1)` `1=Au+4A+Bu-B` `1=(A+B)u+4A-B` Equating the coefficients of the like terms, `A+B=0`    ----------------(1) `4A-B=1`   ----------------(2) From equation 1, `A=-B` Substitute A in equation 2, `4(-B)-B=1` `-5B=1` `B=-1/5` `A=-B=-(-1/5)` `A=1/5` Plug in the values of A and B in the partial fraction template, `1/((u-1)(u+4))=(1/5)/(u-1)+(-1/5)/(u+4)`  `=1/(5(u-1))-1/(5(u+4))` `int1/((u-1)(u+4))du=int(1/(5(u-1))-1/(5(u+4)))du` Apply the sum rule, `=int1/(5(u-1))du-int1/(5(u+4))du` Take the constant out, `=1/5int1/(u-1)du-1/5int1/(u+4)du` Now use the common integral:`int1/xdx=ln|x|` `=1/5ln|u-1|-1/5ln|u+4|` Substitute back `u=e^x` and add a constant C to the solution, `=1/5ln|e^x-1|-1/5ln|e^x+4|+C`

At the beginning of the novel, Ponyboy and Cherry meet each other at the drive-in and have a meaningful conversation. They share a connection while they are discussing sunsets and the two characters become friends. After Johnny kills Bob Sheldon in self-defense, Cherry tells Dally that she's willing to be a spy because she felt that the whole thing was her fault. She tells Dally that she is willing to testify and will give him updates before the rumble. In Chapter 8, Cherry meets up with Ponyboy and tells him that Randy will not be going to the rumble. She also tells Ponyboy that she won't see Johnny in the hospital because Johnny killed her boyfriend. Initially, Ponyboy is upset that Cherry refuses to see Johnny. Then, Cherry tells Ponyboy that she wasn't helping them because she felt sorry for him. She also tells Pony, "I liked you from the start... the way you talked. You're a nice kid, Ponyboy. Do you realize how scarce nice kids are nowadays?" (Hinton 110...

In Act I, Scene 1, two tribunes, Marullus and Flavius, clash with some commoners who have taken the day off from work to await the return to Rome by Julius Caesar. Marullus and Flavius are concerned that the people do not understand what kind of man Caesar is. For, he was once part of the first triumvirate, composed of Marcus Licinius Crassus, general Pompey, and himself. But, rather than being a real triumvir, their union was a private agreement to serve the three men's individual desires by going around the Senate. After Crassus died, Pompey aligned himself with the nobility, who perceived Caesar as a national threat. Later, Caesar pursued Pompey into Egypt, where he was killed. Marcellus alludes to Caesar's killing of Pompey when he addresses the commoners, reminding them of how they once cheered this ruler whenever he returned to Rome. Now the tribune questions the people as to why they await Caesar and want to cheer him.  ....Many a time and oft Have you climbed up to wall...

This is a really difficult question to answer, mostly because Shakespeare leaves the notion of fate in  Macbeth as fairly ambiguous. The answer will change depending on how you interpret Shakespeare's work, so you should view the following answer as my particular interpretation. Other scholars might differ in their views, and they would be justified in doing so. Here's my take on the issue: there is, of course, the Weird Sisters' initial prophecy that Macbeth will be king, and so there seems to be a certain amount of fate at work, which would suggest that Macbeth is indeed a puppet of larger, universal forces and is not fully in control of his own actions. However, while Shakespeare begins the play with a cryptically prophetic statement on the gloomy moors, he never fully commits to the idea that Macbeth is a mere puppet being used by fate. No matter what fate might "plan" for us, Shakespeare suggests, we always have the ability to choose. For instance, even thoug...

The youth both romanticizes and idealizes his love for Mangan's sister. As he helps his aunt with her shopping on Saturday evenings by carrying some of the parcels, the youth's imagination merges the mundane with chivalric and religious ideals in his description of his efforts: ...amid the curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys...These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises....  The phrases that elevate the mundane outing to the spiritual and romantic ideal of a quest for the Holy Grail indicate the deluded and romantic imagination of the youth. Further, the youth carries in his mind the image of Mangan's sister standing against the lighted window during the day and at night in his bedroom. Then, when he hears of Araby , he feels the influence of an "Eastern enchantment." However, when the youth fina...

In  To Kill a Mockingbird , Harper Lee present Bob Ewell as a foil to Atticus Finch. A foil is someone who makes another character seem better simply because of how different he is from the other. For example, even though both men are single fathers, Bob Ewell is not as good of a provider for his family as Atticus is. Atticus provides food, a nanny, affection, and guidance for his children, while Bob Ewell does not. Atticus expects his children to go to school, obey the law, tell the truth, and treat others fairly and with kindness. Bob Ewell does none of those things for his children. By comparing and contrasting these two fathers throughout the story, readers feel empathy for the Ewell children, who suffer under a selfish and irresponsible father. On the other hand, readers feel grateful Atticus is the best father he can be for Jem and Scout. The contrast between these two fathers might seem extreme because Atticus never does anything wrong while Ewell can't do anything right, bu...